Communication: Principles for a Lifetime, Global Edition

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Unit I: Principles of Communication
	Chapter 1: Identifying Foundations of Human Communication
		Why Study Communication?
			To Improve Your Employability
			To Improve Your Relationships
			To Improve Your Health
		The Communication Process
			Communication Defined
			Communication Characteristics
		Communication Models
			Communication as Action: Message Transfer
			Communication as Interaction: Message Exchange
			Communication as Transaction: Message Creation
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication:
What’s Your Position?
		Communication Competence
			The Message Should Be Understood
			The Message Should Achieve Its Intended Effect
			The Message Should Be Ethical
			Ethics & Communication: Is There a Universal Ethical Code?
		Communication in the Twenty-First Century
			Immediate Communication
			Frequent Communication
			Communication That Meets Our Needs
			Social Media & Communication: Facebook versus TikTok: Connecting on Social Media
			Comfortable Communication
		Communication Contexts
			Interpersonal Communication
			Group Communication
			Presentational Communication
			Organizational and Health Communication
		Communication Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle One: Be Aware of Your Communication with Yourself and Others
			Diversity & Communication: Communication Principles for a Lifetime: Principles for All Cultures?
			Principle Two: Effectively Use and Interpret Verbal Messages
			Principle Three: Effectively Use and Interpret Nonverbal Messages
			Principle Four: Listen and Respond Thoughtfully to Others
			Principle Five: Appropriately Adapt Messages to Others
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 2: Exploring Self-Awareness and Communication
		Self-Awareness: How Well Do You Know Yourself?
		Self-Concept: Who Are You?
			Self-Concept Components
			One or Many Selves?
			How the Self-Concept Develops
			Diversity & Communication: Self-Concept among Students in Malaysia
		Self-Esteem: What’s Your Value?
			Gender
			Social Comparisons
			Social Media & Communication: Fitspiration: Friend or Foe?
			Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
		Communication and the Enhancement of Self-Esteem
			Engage in Positive Self-Talk
			Visualize
			Ethics & Communication: Are Students Narcissistic?
			Reframe
			Develop Honest Relationships
			Surround Yourself with Positive People
			Lose Your Baggage
		The Perception Process
			Stage One: Attention and Selection
			Stage Two: Organization
			Stage Three: Interpretation
			When Perceptions Vary
		Communicate to Enhance Your Powers of Perception
			Increase Your Awareness
			Avoid Stereotypes
			Check Your Perceptions
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Stereotypes Are Lazy
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 3: Understanding Verbal Messages
		Why Focus on Language?
		The Nature of Language
			People Use Words as Symbols
			People Attach Meanings to Words
			People Create Denotative and Connotative Meanings for Words
			People Convey Concrete and Abstract Meanings through Words
			Meanings Are Culture Bound
			Meanings Are Context Bound
		The Power of Words
			Social Media & Communication: E-Thai
		Confronting Bias in Language
			Biased Language: Race, Ethnicity, Nationality, and Religion
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Black Lives Matter vs. All Lives Matter
			Biased Language: Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
			Diversity & Communication: Gender Bias in Malay Language
			Ethics & Communication: France May Ban Gender Neutral Words
			Biased Language: Age, Class, and Ability
		Using Words to Establish Supportive Relationships
			Describe Your Own Feelings Rather Than Evaluate Others
			Solve Problems Rather Than Control Others
			Empathize Rather Than Remain Detached from Others
			Be Flexible Rather Than Rigid toward Others
			Present Yourself as Equal Rather Than Superior
			Avoid Gunny-Sacking
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 4: Understanding Nonverbal Messages
		Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?
			Nonverbal Messages Communicate Feelings and Attitudes
			Nonverbal Messages Are More Believable Than Verbal Ones
			Nonverbal Messages Are Critical to Successful Relationships
			Ethics & Communication: Do We Have a Rhythm or Are You Just Mimicking Me?
			Nonverbal Messages Serve Multiple Functions
		The Nature of Nonverbal Communication
			The Culture-Bound Nature of Nonverbal Communication
			The Rule-Governed Nature of Nonverbal Communication
			The Ambiguous Nature of Nonverbal Communication
			Diversity & Communication: Lessons from a Student in a Wheelchair
			The Continuous Nature of Nonverbal Communication
			The Nonlinguistic Nature of Nonverbal Communication
			The Multi-channeled Nature of Nonverbal Communication
		Codes of Nonverbal Communication
			Appearance
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: How Powerful Is Beauty?
			Body Movement, Gestures, and Posture
			Social Media & Communication: Social Media Pressure: Do Comparisons Have Consequences?
			Eye Contact
			Facial Expressions
			Touch
			The Voice
			Physical Environment, Space, and Territory
		How to Interpret Nonverbal Cues More Accurately
		An Application of Nonverbal Communication Research: Detecting Deception
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 5: Listening and Responding
		The Importance of Listening and Responding Skills
			Listening Enhances Our Relationships with Others
			Listening Helps Us Work Collaboratively with Others
			Listening Links Speaker and Audience
		How We Listen
			Selecting
			Attending
			Understanding
			Remembering
			Responding
		Listening Styles
			Relational Listening Style
			Analytical Listening Style
			Critical Listening Style
			Task-Oriented Listening Style
			The Benefits of Understanding Your Listening Style
		Listening Barriers
			Self Barriers
			Information-Processing Barriers
			Diversity & Communication: Does Your Gender Influence Your Listening Style?
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: What Are Your Listening Expectations and Assumptions?
			Context Barriers
		Listening Skills
			Stop: Turn Off Competing Messages
			Look: Listen with Your Eyes
			Listen: Understand Both Details and Major Ideas
		Responding Skills
			Respond to Clarify and Confirm Understanding
			Respond to Empathize with Others
			Social Media & Communication: Keep Social Media Social
			Ethics & Communication: Paraphrase Properly
			Respond to Provide Social Support
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 6: Adapting to Others: Diversity and Communication
		Diversity and Communication
			Sex and Gender
			Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
			Age
			Race and Ethnicity
			Social Class
			Intersectionality: A Combination of Differences
		Culture and Communication
			Defining Culture
			Diversity & Communication: Malaysian Diversity Almanac
			Cultural Contexts
			Cultural Values
			Social Media & Communication: Adapting to Differences When Making E-Connections
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Do You Have Power?
		Barriers to Adapting to Others
			Assuming Superiority
			Assuming Similarity
			Assuming Differences
			Stereotyping and Prejudice
			Ethics & Communication: Can Stereotyping Others Ever Be a Good Idea?
		Strategies for Adapting to Others
			Aim for Intercultural Communication Competence
			Be Motivated: Develop Positive Attitudes toward Those Who Are Different from Yourself
			Develop Knowledge about Those Who Are Different from Yourself
			Develop Skills: Engage in Behaviors That Enhance Understanding
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
Unit II: Interpersonal Communication
	Chapter 7: Understanding Interpersonal Communication
		What Is Interpersonal Communication?
		Initiating Relationships
			Interpersonal Attraction: Why We Like Whom We Like
			Diversity & Communication: Unconscious Bias in Asian Business Leadership
			Communicating Our Attraction
			Social Media & Communication: Flirtmoji
			Initiating Relationships
		Maintaining Relationships
			Ethics & Communication: Identity Theft and Social Media
			Self-Disclosure: Revealing Yourself to Others
			Properties of Self-Disclosure
			Two Models of Self-Disclosure
			Expressing Emotions
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Where You Stand Affects How You Sway
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 8: Enhancing Relationships
		The Importance of Relationships: Friends, Family, and Colleagues
			Friendship Matters
			Family Matters
			Colleagues Matter
			Social Media & Communication: Video Chat during the COVID-19 Pandemic
			Your Relationships and the Five Communication Principles for a Lifetime
		Stages of Relationship Development
			Relational Escalation
			Relational De-Escalation
		Relationship Dissolution (a.k.a. the Breakup)
			Best Practices in Breaking Up
			Ethics & Communication: Cyber Infidelity: Is It Cheating If You Don’t Actually Touch?
			After the Breakup: Communicating with an Ex
		Tensions in Relationships: The Dialectical Perspective
		Managing Interpersonal Conflict
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Power to the Partners
			Constructive versus Destructive Conflict
			Types of Conflict
			Conflict Management Styles
			Diversity & Communication: Hofstede, Culture, and Saudi Arabia
			Conflict Management Skills
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
Unit III: Communicating In Groups And Teams
	Chapter 9: Understanding Group and Team Performance
		Groups and Teams Defined
			Communicating in Small Groups
			Social Media & Communication: Keep Your Phone Out of Sight During Meetings
			Communicating in Teams
			Ethics & Communication: How Far Would You Go to Achieve a Team Goal?
			When Not to Collaborate in Groups and Teams
		Group and Team Dynamics
			Roles
			Rules
			Norms
			Status
			Power
			Cohesiveness
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Should You Form an Alliance with Others?
		Group and Team Development
			Orientation
			Conflict
			Emergence
			Diversity & Communication: The Lewis Model
			Reinforcement
			The Process Nature of Group Phases
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 10: Enhancing Group and Team Performance
		What Effective Group and Team Members Do
			Identify a Clear, Elevating Goal
			Develop a Results-Driven Structure
			Gather and Share Appropriate Information
			Develop Options
			Evaluate Ideas
			Develop Sensitivity toward Others
			Develop a Positive Personal Style
		Structuring Group and Team Problem Solving
			Step 1: Identify and Define the Problem
			Step 2: Analyze the Problem
			Step 3: Generate Creative Solutions
			Step 4: Select the Best Solution
			Ethics & Communication: What If Someone Can’t Stop Judging?
			Step 5: Take Action
		Enhancing Group and Team Leadership
			Trait Approach
			Functional Approach
			Styles Approach
			Situational Approach
			Social Media & Communication: Do We Still Need Face To Face Meetings?
			Diversity & Communication: Deep and Surface Diversity: Which Differences Make a Difference?
			Transformational Leadership
		Enhancing Group and Team Meetings
			Manage Meeting Structure
			Manage Meeting Interaction
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Who Controls the Agenda?
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
Unit IV: Public Speaking
	Chapter 11: Developing Your Speech
		Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Using Public Advocacy to Address Positions of Power
		Overviewing the Public Speaking Process
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Considering Your Audience
		Building Your Confidence
			Understand Public Speaking Anxiety
			Know How to Develop a Speech
			Be Prepared
			Give Yourself a Mental Pep Talk
			Use Deep-Breathing Techniques
			Focus on Your Audience
			Focus on Your Message
			Take Advantage of Opportunities to Speak
			Explore Additional Resources
		Selecting and Narrowing Your Topic
			Who Is the Audience?
			What Is the Occasion?
			What Are My Interests and Experiences?
			Conducting Silent Brainstorming
			Scanning Web Directories and Web Pages
			Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Selecting and Narrowing Your Topic
		Identifying Your Purpose
			General Purpose
			Ethics & Communication: Is It Ethical to Buy a Speech?
			Specific Purpose
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Identifying Your Purpose
		Developing Your Central Idea
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Developing Your Central Idea
			An Audience-Centered Idea
			A Single Idea
			A Complete Declarative Sentence
			Direct, Specific Language
		Generating Main Ideas
			Does the Central Idea Have Logical Divisions?
			Can You Think of Several Reasons the Central Idea Is True?
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Generating Your Main Ideas
			Can You Support the Central Idea with a Series of Steps or a Chronological Sequence?
		Gathering Supporting Material
			Sources of Supporting Material
			Social Media & Communication: Why do people share disinformation?
			Types of Supporting Material
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Gathering Supporting Material
			Acknowledgment of Supporting Material
			Diversity & Communication: Global English
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 12: Organizing and Outlining Your Speech
		Organizing Your Main Ideas
			Organizing Ideas Topically
			Social Media & Communication: Your Speech as a “Content Sandwich”
			Organizing Ideas Chronologically
			Organizing Ideas Spatially
			Organizing Ideas to Show Cause and Effect
			Organizing Ideas by Problem and Solution
			Diversity & Communication: Public Speaking—The Cultural Diversity Question
		Organizing Your Supporting Material
			Ethics & Communication: The Ethics of Primacy and Recency
		Signposting: Organizing Your Speech for the Ears of Others
			Previews
			Verbal and Nonverbal Transitions
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Structures for Effecting Change
			Summaries
		Introducing and Concluding Your Speech
			Introductions
			Conclusions
		Outlining Your Speech
			Preparation Outline
			Sample Preparation Outline
			Speaking Notes
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 13: Delivering Your Speech
		Methods of Delivery
			Manuscript Speaking
			Memorized Speaking
			Impromptu Speaking
			Extemporaneous Speaking
		Effective Verbal Delivery
			Using Words Clearly
			Using Words Accurately
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Words Constitute Meaning
			Crafting Memorable Word Structures
			Social Media & Communication: Coded Language on Social Media
		Effective Nonverbal Delivery
			Eye Contact
			Diversity & Communication: The Academic Quarter
			Physical Delivery
			Facial Expression
			Vocal Delivery
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Rehearsing Your Speech
			Appearance
		Effective Presentation Aids
			Types of Presentation Aids
			Ethics & Communication: Profanity in an Audio Presentation Aid
			Additional Guidelines for Preparing and Using Presentation Aids
		Some Final Tips for Rehearsing and Delivering Your Speech
			Developing Your Speech Step By Step: Delivering Your Speech
		Criteria for Evaluating Speeches
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 14: Speaking to Inform
		Types of Informative Speeches
			Speeches about Objects
			Speeches about Procedures
			Speeches about People
			Ethics & Communication: Confidential or Potentially Dangerous Information
			Speeches about Events
			Speeches about Ideas
		Strategies for Organizing Your Informative Speech
			Organizing Speeches about Objects
			Organizing Speeches about Procedures
			Organizing Speeches about People
			Organizing Speeches about Events
			Organizing Speeches about Ideas
		Strategies for Making Your Informative Speech Clear
			Simplify Ideas
			Diversity & Communication: Using an Interpreter
			Pace Your Information Flow
			Relate New Information to Old
		Strategies for Making Your Informative Speech Interesting
			Relate to Your Listeners’ Interests
			Use Attention-Getting Supporting Material
			Establish a Motive for Your Audience to Listen to You
			Use Word Pictures
			Create Interesting Presentation Aids
			Social Media & Communication: Informative Speaking via Zoom for a Baseball Season Cut Short
			Use Humor
		Strategies for Making Your Informative Speech Memorable
			Build in Redundancy
			Use Adult Learning Principles
			Reinforce Key Ideas Verbally
			Reinforce Key Ideas Nonverbally
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: What Makes Fake News Fake
			Sample Informative Speech: “Elvis,” by Angelitta Armijo
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
	Chapter 15: Speaking to Persuade
		Understanding Persuasion
			Persuasion Defined
			The Psychology of Persuasion
			Ethics & Communication: More Than Just A Customer Loyalty Card
		Developing Your Audience-Centered Persuasive Speech
			Narrowing Your Topic
			Identifying Your Purpose
			Developing Your Central Idea as a Persuasive Proposition
		Supporting Your Persuasive Message with Credibility, Logic, and Emotion
			Ethos: Establishing Your Credibility
			Logos: Using Evidence and Reasoning
			Diversity & Communication: “Elementary Reasoning, My Dear Watson”
			Pathos: Using Emotion
		Organizing Your Persuasive Message
			Problem–Solution
			Cause and Effect
			Refutation
			The Motivated Sequence
			Social Media & Communication: Influencers and Social Media Houses
		Adapting Ideas to People and People to Ideas
			The Receptive Audience
			Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Persuasion as Dialogue: The Power of Listening and Responding
			The Neutral Audience
			The Unreceptive Audience
			Sample Persuasive Speech: “Private Ambulances,” by Blake Bergeron
		Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
			Principle Points
			Principle Terms
			Principle Skills
Appendix A: Interviewing
	Interview Types
		Information-Gathering Interview
		Appraisal Interview
		Problem-Solving Interview
		Persuasion Interview
		Job Interview
	Interview Phases
		The Opening
		The Body: Asking Questions
		The Conclusion
	How to Be Interviewed for a Job
		Be Aware of Your Skills and Abilities
		Prepare Your Resume
		Sample Resume
		Identify the Needs of Your Potential Employer
		Look and Communicate Your Best
		Polish Your Online Appearance
		Social Media & Communication: Putting Your Best Facebook Image Forward
		Listen, Respond, and Ask Appropriate Questions
		Follow Up after the Interview
	How to Be Interviewed in an Information-Gathering Interview
		Prepare for the Interview
		Listen Effectively
		Respond Appropriately
	Interviewer Responsibilities
		Adapt to an Interviewee’s Behavior
		Deal Wisely with Sensitive Content
		Listen Effectively
		Record Information
		Critical/Cultural Perspectives & Communication: Becoming an Unbiased Person of Conscience
		Ask Appropriate Questions
	Study Guide: Principles for a Lifetime
		Principle Points
		Principle Terms
		Principle Skills
Appendix B: Sample Speeches for Discussion and Evaluation
	Informative Speech: “Recuperandos,” by Manuel Reyes
	Persuasive Speech: “Queers of the Court,” by Caleb Newton
Endnotes
Credits
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z