Communication Mosaics: An Introduction to the Field of Communication

Chapter 1
	A First Look at Communication
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	1-1 An Introduction to the Author
	1-2 The Value of Studying Communication
	1-2a Personal Life
		Ghadya Ka Bacha
	1-2b Personal Relationships
	1-2c Professional Life
	1-2d Civic Life
		Bowling Together?
		U.S. Demographics in the 21st Century
	1-3 Defining Communication
	1-3a Process
	1-3b Systems
	1-3c Symbols
	1-3d Meanings
	1-4 Models of Communication
	1-4a Linear Models
	1-4b Interactive Models
	1-4c Transactional Models
	1-5 Careers in Communication
	1-5a Research
	1-5b Education
	1-5c The Nonprofit Sector
	1-5d Mass and Digital Communication: Journalism, Broadcasting, Public Relations, and Advertising
	1-5e Training and Consulting
		Careers in Communication
	1-5f Human Relations and Management
	1-6 Digital Media and Communication
	1-7 Overview of Communication Mosaics
	Chapter Review
Chapter 2
	The Field of Communication from Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	2-1 The History of the Communication Field
	2-1a Classical Roots: Rhetoric and Democratic Life
		Learning from Ancient Theorists
	2-1b Liberal Education
	2-1c Broadening the Field
	2-2 Conducting Research in Communication
	2-2a Quantitative Research
	2-2b Qualitative Research
	2-2c Critical Research
	2-2d Rhetorical Criticism
	2-3 The Breadth of the Communication Field
	2-3a Intrapersonal Communication
	2-3b Interpersonal Communication
	2-3c Group and Team Communication
	2-3d Public Communication
	2-3e Organizational Communication
	2-3f Mass Media
	2-3g Computer-Mediated Communication
	2-3h Intercultural Communication
	2-3i Other Curricular Emphases
	2-3j Blurring the Lines
	2-4 Unifying Themes in the Communication Field
	2-4a Symbolic Activities
	2-4b Meaning
	2-4c Ethics
		Communication Ethics
		Emoji
	2-5 Digital Media and Communication
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Analyze Your Self-Talk
		2. Your Mediated World
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 2 Weblinks
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Communication Ethics
Chapter 3
	Perceiving and Understanding
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	3-1 The Perception Process
	3-1a Selection
	3-1b Organization
		Prototypes
		Personal Constructs
		Stereotypes
		Scripts
		The Census Bureau’s Dilemma
	3-1c Interpretation
		Attributions
		The Self-Serving Bias
		We Failed and We’re Sorry
	3-2 Influences on Perception
	3-2a Physiological Factors
	3-2b Expectations
	3-2c Cognitive Abilities
		Cognitive Complexity
		Person-Centeredness
		An Empathic Judge
	3-2d Social Roles
	3-2e Membership in Cultures and Social Communities
	3-3 Digital Media and Perception
	3-4 Guidelines for Improving Skill in Perceiving
	3-4a Avoid Mind Reading
	3-4b Check Perceptions with Others
	3-4c Distinguish Facts from Inferences and Judgments
	3-4d Monitor the Self-Serving Bias
		Attribution Patterns and Relationship Satisfaction
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		College Success
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Sizing up Others
		2. Appreciating Multiple Perspectives
		3. Noticing Individualism
		4. Perception Checking
		5. Distinguishing Facts from Inferences and Judgments
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 3 Weblinks
Chapter 4
	Engaging in Verbal Communication
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
		Talking a Union into Existence
	4-1 Language and Meaning
	4-1a Features of Language
		Arbitrariness
		LOL dotcom BFF
		Ambiguity
		Language Creates Reality
		Abstraction
	4-1b Principles of Communication
		We Interpret Communication
		The Languages of Race and Ethnicity
		Rules Guide Communication
		Punctuation Affects Meaning
	4-2 Symbolic Abilities
	4-2a Language Defines Phenomena
		Don’t Take This the Wrong Way, But…
	4-2b Language Evaluates Phenomena
	4-2c Language Organizes Experiences
	4-2d Language Allows Hypothetical Thought
	4-2e Language Allows Self-Reflection
	4-2f Language Defines Relationships and Interaction
		Responsiveness
		Liking
		Power
		Digital Language
	4-3 Digital Media and Verbal Communication
	4-4 Guidelines for Effective Verbal Communication
		Urban Dictionary in the Courtroom
	4-4a Engage in Person-Centered Communication
	4-4b Be Aware of Levels of Abstraction
	4-4c Qualify Language
	4-4d Own Your Feelings and Thoughts
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		The Roommates
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Communicating Clearly
		2. Communication Rules
		3. Punctuating Interaction
		4. Learning to Use I-Language
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 4 Weblinks
Chapter 5
	Engaging in Nonverbal Communication
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	5-1 Principles of Nonverbal Communication
	5-1a Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous
	5-1b Nonverbal Behaviors Interact with Verbal Communication
	5-1c Nonverbal Communication Regulates Interaction
	5-1d Nonverbal Communication Establishes Relationship-Level Meanings
		Responsiveness
		Liking
		Power
	5-1e Nonverbal Communication Reflects Cultural Values
	5-2 Types of Nonverbal Behaviors
	5-2a Kinesics
		I Can Tell You’re Lying by Your Eyes
	5-2b Haptics
		Weighty Matters
		Kissing: Two Weeks of a Lifetime
	5-2c Physical Appearance
	5-2d Olfactics
		Kangaroo Care
	5-2e Artifacts
		Branded
	5-2f Proxemics and Personal Space
		Cultural Rules about Artifacts
	5-2g Environmental Factors
	5-2h Chronemics
	5-2i Paralanguage
	5-2j Silence
	5-3 Digital Media and Nonverbal Communication
	5-4 Guidelines for Effective Nonverbal Communication
	5-4a Monitor Your Nonverbal Communication
	5-4b Interpret Others’ Nonverbal Communication Tentatively
		Personal Qualifications
		Contextual Qualifications
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Noticing Spatial Clues to Power Relations
		2. Increasing Awareness of Environmental Factors
		3. Using I-Language about Nonverbal Behaviors
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 5 Weblinks
Chapter 6
	Listening and Responding to Others
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
		Who Listens?
	6-1 The Listening Process
	6-1a Being Mindful
		Simone
		The Power of Responsive Listening
	6-1b Physically Receiving Communication
	6-1c Selecting and Organizing Communication
	6-1d Interpreting Communication
		Maggie
	6-1e Responding
	6-1f Remembering
		Listening Is an Act of Love
	6-2 Obstacles to Effective Listening
	6-2a Situational Obstacles
		Incomprehensibility
		Message Overload
		Supersaturation
		Message Complexity
		Environmental Distractions
	6-2b Internal Obstacles
		Preoccupation
		Prejudgment
		Keith
		Lack of Effort
		Reacting to Emotionally Loaded Language
		Not Recognizing Diverse Listening Styles
		Nancy
	6-2c Forms of Ineffective Listening
		Pseudolistening
		Monopolizing
		Selective Listening
		Defensive Listening
		Ambushing
		Eric
		Literal Listening
	6-3 Digital Media and Listening
		Listen Up, Doc
	6-4 Guidelines for Effective Listening
		Laptop versus Lecture
	6-4a Develop Skills for Informational and Critical Listening
		Be Mindful
		Control Obstacles
		Ask Questions
		Use Aids to Recall
		Organize Information
		Listening to a Second Language
	6-4b Develop Skills for Relationship Listening
		Be Mindful
		Suspend Judgment
		José
		Strive to Understand the Other’s Perspective
		Lynette
		Express Support
	6-4c Develop Skills for Other Listening Goals
		Listening for Pleasure
		Listening to Discriminate
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Developing Mindfulness
		2. Improving Recall
		3. Practice Paraphrasing
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 6 Weblinks
Chapter 7
	Creating Communication Climates
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	7-1 Levels of Confirmation and Disconfirmation
	7-1a Recognition
	7-1b Acknowledgment
	7-1c Endorsement
	7-2 Defensive and Supportive Climates
	7-2a Evaluation versus Description
	7-2b Certainty versus Provisionalism
	7-2c Strategy versus Spontaneity
	7-2d Control versus Problem Orientation
	7-2e Neutrality versus Empathy
	7-2f Superiority versus Equality
	7-3 Conflict and Communication
	7-3a Conflict Can Be Overt or Covert
		Carlotta
	7-3b Components in the Conflict Process
		Conflicts of Interest
		Conflict Orientations
		Conflict Responses
		Conflict Outcomes
	7-3c Third-Party Assistance in Resolving Conflict
		An Attorney’s Perspective
	7-4 Digital Media and Communication Climate
	7-5 Guidelines for Creating and Sustaining Healthy Communication Climates
	7-5a Communicate in Ways That Confirm Others
	7-5b Communicate in Ways That Confirm Yourself
	7-5c Respect Diversity among People
	7-5d Time Conflict Effectively
	7-5e Show Grace When Appropriate
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Cloudy Climate
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Confirmation and Disconfirmation in Online Communication
		2. Using Descriptive Language
		3. Assessing Communication Climates
		4. Communicating Assertively
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 7 Weblinks
Chapter 8
	Adapting Communication to Cultures and Social Communities
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	8-1 Understanding Cultures and Social Communities
	8-1a Cultures Are Systems
	8-1b Multiple Social Communities May Coexist in a Single Culture
		Racial Bias Starts Early
		If You Woke up Tomorrow
	8-1c Dimensions of Cultures and Social Communities
		Individualism/Collectivism
		Uncertainty Avoidance
		Power Distance
		Masculinity/Femininity
		Long-Term/Short-Term Orientation
	8-2 Relationships between Culture and Communication
		Adages Express Cultural Values
	8-2a We Learn Culture in the Process of Communicating
	8-2b Communication Reflects Cultural Values
		Doesn’t Translate
	8-2c Communication Expresses and Sustains Cultures
	8-2d Communication Is a Source of Cultural Change
	8-3 Digital Media, Cultures, and Social Communities
	8-4 Guidelines for Adapting Communication to Diverse Cultures and Social Communities
	8-4a Engage in Person-Centered Communication
	8-4b Respect Others’ Feelings and Ideas
	8-4c Resist Ethnocentric Bias
	8-4d Recognize That Adapting to Cultural Diversity Is a Process
		Resistance
		World Traveling
		Tolerance
		Understanding
		Respect
		Participation
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		The Job Interview
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Communicating Culture
		2. Becoming Self-Reflective about Your Culture
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 8 Weblinks
Chapter 9
	Communication and Personal Identity
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	9-1 Understanding the Self
	9-1a The Self Is Multidimensional
	9-1b Society Shapes the Self
		Race
		Multiracialism
		Gender
		Sexual Orientation
		Socioeconomic Class
	9-1c Particular Others Shape the Self
		Attachment Styles
		Life Scripts
	9-2 The Self Arises in Communication with Others
	9-2a Reflected Appraisal
	9-2b Direct Definition
		Am I Pretty?
	9-2c Social Comparison
		Virtual Identity Development
	9-2d Self-Disclosure
	9-3 Digital Media and Personal Identity
	9-4 Guidelines for Communicating with Ourselves
	9-4a Reflect Critically on Social Perspectives
	9-4b Commit to Personal Growth
		Set Realistic Goals
		Assess Yourself Fairly
	9-4c Create a Supportive Context for the Change You Seek
		Uppers, Downers, and Vultures
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Reflecting on Your Life Scripts
		2. Identifying Social Values in Media
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 9 Weblinks
Chapter 10
	Communication in Personal Relationships
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
		Learning Objectives
	10-1 Understanding Personal Relationships
	10-1a Features of Personal Relationships
		Uniqueness
		Voluntary Commitment
		Relationship Rules
		Affected by Contexts
		Staying in Touch
		Relationship Dialectics
	10-1b The Evolutionary Course of Personal Relationships
		Friendships
		Friends of the Heart and Friends of the Road
		Romantic Relationships
		The Eye of the Beholder
		Styles of Loving
		Stages in the Escalation of Interracial Relationships
	10-2 Digital Media and Personal Relationships
	10-3 Guidelines for Communicating in Personal Relationships
	10-3a Adapt Communication to Manage Distance
	10-3b Ensure Equity in Family Relationships
		A New Job for Dad
	10-3c Avoid Intimate Partner Violence
	10-3d Insist on Safer Sex
		Test Your Knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Abuse
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Good Endings
		2. Connect with Others in Long-Distance Relationships
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 10 Weblinks
Chapter 11
	Communication in Groups and Teams
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	11-1 Understanding Communication in Groups and Teams
		Virtual Teams
	11-1a Defining Groups and Teams
	11-1b The Rise of Groups and Teams
		Project Teams
		Focus Groups
		Teamwork Lacking in the Operating Room
		Brainstorming Groups
		Advisory Groups
		Quality Improvement Teams
		Young Presidents Organization
		Decision-Making Groups
	11-2 Potential Limitations and Strengths of Groups
	11-2a Potential Limitations of Groups
	11-2b Potential Strengths of Groups
		Einstein’s Mistakes
	11-3 Features of Small Groups
	11-3a Cohesion
	11-3b Group Size
	11-3c Power Structure
		Five Bases of Power
	11-3d Interaction Patterns
	11-3e Group Norms
	11-4 Methods of Group Decision Making
	11-4a Standard Agenda
	11-4b Nominal Group Technique
	11-5 Digital Media and Groups
	11-6 Guidelines for Communicating in Groups and Teams
	11-6a Participate Constructively
		Task Communication
		Procedural Communication
		Climate Communication
		Egocentric Communication
	11-6b Provide Leadership
		Servant Leadership
	11-6c Manage Conflict Constructively
		Disruptive Conflict
		Constructive Conflict
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Group Communication
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Noticing Communication in Groups
		2. Evaluating the Impact of Group Communication
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 11 Weblinks
Chapter 12
	Communication in Organizations
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	12-1 Key Features of Organizational Communication
	12-1a Structure
	12-1b Communication Networks
	12-1c Links to External Environments
	12-2 Organizational Culture
	12-2a Vocabulary
		Hierarchical Language
		Masculine Language
		Not Exactly a Slam Dunk
	12-2b Stories
		Corporate Stories
		Personal Stories
		Collegial Stories
	12-2c Rites and Rituals
		Rites
		Rituals
		Workplace Bullying
	12-2d Structures
		Roles
	12-2e Rules
		Policies
		Communication Networks
	12-3 Digital Media and Organizational Communication
		Tomorrow’s Organizations
		Keeping Track of Employees
	12-4 Guidelines for Communicating in Organizations
	12-4a Expect to Move in and out of Teams
		Employee Mistreatment in Culturally Diverse Organizations
	12-4b Balance Investments in Life and Work
	12-4c Manage Personal Relationships on the Job
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Ed Misses the Banquet
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Noticing Your School’s Culture
		2. Get Informed about On-the-Job Relationships
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 12 Weblinks
Chapter 13
	Public Communication
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
		Moved to Speak
		2011
		2012
		2013
		2014
		2015
	13-1 Choosing a Speaking Purpose
	13-2 Earning Credibility
	13-3 Finding Evidence
	13-4 Organizing Speeches
	13-4a The Body
	13-4b The Introduction
		1993
	13-4c The Conclusion
	13-4d Transitions
	13-5 Developing Effective Delivery
	13-6 Digital Media and Public Speaking
	13-7 Guidelines for Public Speaking
	13-7a Adapt Speeches to Audiences
		Adapting to Listeners
	13-7b Listen Critically
		Common Fallacies in Reasoning
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Together, We Can Stop Cyber-Bullying
	Chapter Review
		By Adam Parrish, University of Kentucky
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Noticing Conversational Speaking Style
		2. Noticing Oral Style
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 13 Weblinks
Chapter 14
	Mass Media
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
	14-1 Understanding Mass Media
	14-1a Changes in Mass Media Change Human Life
		The Medium Is the Message/Massage
	14-1b Mass Media Serve Individuals’ Needs and Desires
		Romance on the Run
	14-1c Mass Media Influence Human Knowledge and Perspectives
		Agenda Setting
		Gatekeeping
		Cultivation of Worldviews
		Testing the Mean World Syndrome
		Defining Desirability and Normalcy
		Can Women Talk about Anything Other than Men?
		Media-Created Body Ideals
	14-1d Mass Media Advance the Dominant Ideology
		Constructing the News
		Race on Television and in Real Life
	14-2 Digital Media and Mass Media
	14-3 Guidelines for Engaging Mass Media
	14-3a Develop Media Literacy
		Realistically Assess Mass Media’s Influence
		Become Aware of Patterns in Media
		Actively Interrogate Media Messages
		Puffery: The Best of Its Kind!
		Expose Yourself to a Range of Media Sources
		Focus on Your Motivations for Engaging Media
	14-3b Respond Actively
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		The Power Zapper
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Detecting Dominant Values in Media
		2. Responding Actively
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 14 Weblinks
Chapter 15
	Digital Media and the Online World
	Chapter Introduction
		Learning Objectives
		The Digital Divide
		Uncle Sam Wants You, PacBot
	15-1 Understanding Digital Media
	15-1a Features of Digital Media
		Manipulation
		Convergence
		Time Travel
		Speed
		Daniel
		Kay
	15-1b Digital Media’s Impact on Human Thinking
		Txtng Whl Drvng
		Rehab
		Dianna
	15-2 Uses and Abuses of Digital Media
	15-2a Identity Work
		Lez Get Real
	15-2b Connecting with Others
		Claire
		Ally
		Job DISqualifications
		Online Sexuality
		Woody
	15-2c Learning
		Digital Media on Campus
	15-2d Professional Communication
		The Sharing Economy
	15-2e Organizing
		Who Benefits?
	15-3 Guidelines for Interacting with Digital Media
	15-3a Consciously Manage Your Engagement with Digital Technologies
		Alexis
		What Kind of Person Would You Become?
	15-3b Manage Trolls and Other Digital Monsters
		Proactive Strategies for Managing Trolls
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Online Dating
	Chapter Review
	Chapter Review
		Reflect and Discuss
		Take Action
		1. Your Professional Image
		2. Suspending the Digital World
		Recommended Resources
		Chapter 15 Weblinks