Communication matters

Cover
Communication Matters
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Boxes
Contributors
Acknowledgements
PART ONE Communication in Principle
	CHAPTER 1 Communication: A First Look
		Why We Communicate
			Communication Addresses Physical Needs
			Communication Meets Relational Needs
			Communication Fills Identity Needs
			Communication Meets Spiritual Needs
			Communication Serves Instrumental Needs
		The Nature and Types of Communication
			Various Models Explain the Communication Process
			Communication Has Many Characteristics
			Five Types of Communication
		Dispelling Some Communication Myths
			Myth: Everyone Is a Communication Expert
			Myth: Communication Will Solve Any Problem
			Myth: Communication Can Break Down
			Myth: Communication Is Inherently Good
			Myth: More Communication Is Always Better
		Building Your Communication Competence
			Competent Communication Is Effective and Appropriate
			Competent Communicators Share Many Characteristics and Skills
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 2 Communication and Culture
		Understanding Cultures and Co-Cultures
			What Is Culture?
			Distinguishing between In-Groups and Out-Groups
			Acquiring a Culture
			What Is a Co-Culture?
		Components of Cultures and Co-Cultures
			Cultures Vary in Their Symbols
			Cultures Vary in Their Languages
			Cultures Vary in Their Values
			Cultures Vary in Their Norms
			Distinctive Features of Co-Cultures
		How Culture Affects Communication
			1. Individualistic versus Collectivistic Cultures
			2. Low-Context versus High-Context Cultures
			3. Low-Power-Distance versus High-Power-Distance Cultures
			4. Masculine versus Feminine Cultures
			5. Monochronic versus Polychronic Cultures
			6. Uncertainty Avoidance
		Communicating with Cultural Awareness
			Be Open-Minded about Cultural Differences
			Be Knowledgeable about Different Communication Codes
			Be Flexible and Respectful When Interacting with Others
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 3 Perceiving Ourselves and Others
		How We Perceive Others
			Perception Is a Process
			We Commonly Misperceive Others’ Communication Behaviors
		How We Explain Our Perceptions
			We Explain Behavior through Attributions
			Avoiding Two Common Attribution Errors
		How We Perceive Ourselves
			Self-Concept Defined
			Awareness and Management of the Self-Concept
			Valuing the Self: Self-Esteem
		Managing Our Image
			Communication and Image Management
			Communication and Face Needs
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 4 How We Use Language
		The Nature of Language
			Language Is Symbolic
			Language Is Usually Arbitrary
			Language Is Governed by Rules
			Language Has Layers of Meaning
			Language Varies in Clarity
			Language Is Bound by Context and Culture
		Appreciating the Power of Words
			Language Expresses Who We Are
			Language Connects Us to Others
			Language Separates Us from Others
			Language Motivates Action
		Ways We Use and Abuse Language
			Humor: What’s So Funny?
			Euphemisms: Sugar Coating
			Slang: The Language of Co-Cultures
			Defamation: Harmful Words
			Profanity: Offensive Language
			Hate Speech: Profanity with a Hurtful Purpose
		Improving Your Use of Language
			Separate Opinions from Factual Claims
			Use Clearly Understandable Language
			Own Your Thoughts and Feelings
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 5 Communicating Nonverbally
		The Nature and Functions of Nonverbal Communication
			What Is Nonverbal Communication?
			Six Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
		Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication
			Facial Displays
			Eye Behaviors
			Movement and Gestures
			Touch Behaviors
			Vocal Behaviors
			The Use of Smell
			The Use of Space
			Physical Appearance
			The Use of Time
			The Use of Artifacts
		Culture, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication
			Culture Influences Nonverbal Communication
			Sex Influences Nonverbal Communication
		Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills
			Interpreting Nonverbal Communication
			Expressing Nonverbal Messages
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 6 Listening Effectively
		What It Means to Listen
			What Is Listening?
			The Importance of Listening Effectively
			Misconceptions About Listening
			How Culture Affects Listening Behavior
		Ways of Listening
			Stages of Effective Listening
			Types of Listening
		Common Barriers to Effective Listening
			Noise
			Pseudolistening and Selective Attention
			Information Overload
			Glazing Over
			Rebuttal Tendency
			Closed-Mindedness
			Competitive Interrupting
		Honing Your Listening Skills
			Become a Better Informational Listener
			Become a Better Critical Listener
			Become a Better Empathic Listener
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
PART TWO Communication in Context
	CHAPTER 7 Communicating in Social and Professional Relationships
		Why Social Relationships Matter
			We Form Relationships Because We Need to Belong
			Social Relationships Bring Rewards
			Social Relationships Carry Costs as Well as Benefits
		Forming and Maintaining Social Bonds
			Why We Form Relationships: Attraction Theory
			Why We Form Relationships: Uncertainty Reduction Theory
			Why We Maintain Relationships: Social Exchange and Equity Theories
			How We Maintain Relationships: Relational Maintenance Behaviors Theory
		Revealing Ourselves in Relationships
			Characteristics of Self-Disclosure
			Benefits of Self-Disclosure
			Risks of Self-Disclosure
		Characteristics of Friendships
			Friendships Are Voluntary
			Friendships Usually Develop between Peers
			Friendships Are Governed by Rules
			Friendships Differ by Sex
		Social Relationships in the Workplace
			Social Relationships with Coworkers
			Social Relationships between Superiors and Subordinates
			Social Relationships between Clients and Professionals
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 8 Communicating in Intimate Relationships
		The Nature of Intimate Relationships
			Intimate Relationships Require Deep Commitment
			Intimate Relationships Foster Interdependence
			Intimate Relationships Require Continuous Investment
			Intimate Relationships Spark Dialectical Tensions
		Characteristics of Romantic Relationships
			Romantic Relationships and Exclusivity
			Romantic Relationships and Voluntariness
			Romantic Relationships and Love
			Romantic Relationships and Sexuality
			Romantic Relationships around the World
		Forming and Communicating in Romantic Relationships
			Getting In: Stages of Relationship Development
			Communicating in Romantic Relationships
			Getting Out: Ending Romantic Relationships
		Communicating in Families
			What Makes a Family?
			Types of Families
			Communication Issues in Families
		Improving Communication in Intimate Relationships
			Go for Fun: Emphasize Excitement
			Stay Positive: Use Confirming Messages
			Deal with the Dark Side: Handle Conflict Constructively
			Get Real: Have Realistic Expectations
			Push and Pull: Manage Dialectical Tensions
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 9 Communicating in Small Groups
		What Is a Small Group?
			Small Groups Are Distinguished by Their Size
			Small Groups Are Interdependent
			Small Groups Are Cohesive
			Small Groups Enforce Rules and Norms
			Small Groups Include Individual Roles
			Small Groups Have Their Own Identities
			Small Groups Have Distinctive Communication Practices
			Small Groups Often Interact Online
		Functions of Small Groups
			Some Small Groups Focus on Discrete Tasks
			Some Small Groups Evaluate and Advice
			Some Small Groups Create Art and Ideas
			Some Small Groups Provide Service and Support
			Some Small Groups Promote Social Networking
			Some Small Groups Compete
			Some Small Groups Help Us to Learn
		Joining Small Groups
			We Join Small Groups for Many Reasons
			We Are Socialized into Small Groups
		Advantages and Challenges of Small Group Communication
			Communicating in Small Groups Has Advantages
			Communicating in Small Groups Poses Challenges
		Becoming a Better Small Group Communicator
			Socialize New Members Constructively
			Maintain Positive Group Relationships
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 10 Decision Making and Leadership in Groups
		Generating Ideas and Making Decisions
			Groups Generate Ideas through Various Methods
			Groups Make Decisions in Many Ways
			Cultural Context Affects Decision Making
		Being a Leader
			Leaders Often Share Specific Traits
			Leaders Enact Distinct Styles
		Exercising Power
			Leaders Exercise Many Forms of Power
			Power Resides in Relationships, Not in People
		Leadership and Decision-Making Skills
			Manage Conflict Constructively
			Avoid Groupthink
			Listen Carefully
			For Review
			Key Terms
			Notes
PART THREE Communication in the Public Sphere
	CHAPTER 11 Choosing, Developing, and Researching a Topic
		Know Why You’re Speaking
			We Speak to Inform
			We Speak to Persuade
			We Speak to Entertain
			We Speak to Introduce
			We Speak to Give Honor
		Choose an Appropriate Topic
			Brainstorm to Identify Potential Topics
			Identify Topics That Are Right for You
			Identify Topics That Are Right for Your Audience
			Identify Topics That Are Right for the Occasion
		Analyze Your Audience
			Consider Who Your Listeners Are
			Consider the Speaking Context
		Know Where to Find Information
			Websites
			Books
			Periodicals and Nonprint Materials
			Databases
			Personal Observations
			Surveys
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 12 Organizing and Finding Support for Your Speech
		State Your Purpose and Thesis
			Draft a Purpose Statement
			Draft a Thesis Statement
		Organize Your Speech
			The Introduction Tells  the Story of Your Speech
			The Body Expresses Your Main Points
			Transitions Help Your  Speech Flow Smoothly
			The Conclusion Summarizes Your Message
		Create an Effective Outline
			Know the Three Rules of Outlining
			Create a Working Outline
			Convert Your Working Outline into Speaking Notes
		Find Support for Your Speech
			Identify Places Where You Need Research Support
			Determine the Type of Support You Require
			Know How to Evaluate Supporting Material
			Don’t Commit Intellectual Theft
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 13 Presenting a Speech Confidently and Competently
		Styles of Delivering a Speech
			Some Speeches Are Impromptu
			Some Speeches Are Extemporaneous
			Some Speeches Are Scripted
			Some Speeches Are Memorized
		Managing Public Speaking Anxiety
			Public Speaking Anxiety Is a Common Form of Stress
			Public Speaking Anxiety Can Be Debilitating
			Making Public Speaking Anxiety an Advantage
		Practicing Effective Delivery
			Visual Elements Affect Delivery
			Vocal Elements Affect Delivery
			Cultural Norms Affect Preferred Delivery Styles
		Using Presentation Aids
			Presentation Aids Can Enhance Your Speech
			Low-Tech Presentation Aids
			Multimedia Presentation Aids
			Choosing and Using Presentation Aids
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 14 Speaking Informatively
		Choosing a Method of Informing
			Informative Speeches Can Define
			Informative Speeches Can Describe
			Informative Speeches Can Explain
			Informative Speeches Can Demonstrate
		Selecting and Framing the Topic
			Select a Captivating Topic
			Relate Yourself to Your Topic
			Relate Your Topic to Your Audience
		Honing Your Informative- Speaking Skills
			Create Information Hunger
			Be Organized
			Make It Easy to Listen
			Involve the Audience
			Be Ethical
		A Sample Informative Speech
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
	CHAPTER 15 Speaking Persuasively
		The Meaning and Art of Persuasion
			What It Means to Persuade
			Three Forms of Rhetorical Proof
		Creating a Persuasive Message
			Types of Persuasive Propositions
			Four Ways to Organize a Persuasive Message
			Avoiding Logical Fallacies
		Honing Your Persuasive-Speaking Skills
			Adapt to Your Audience
			Build Rapport with Your Listeners
			Establish Your Credibility
		A Sample Persuasive Speech
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
Appendix Workplace Communication and Interviewing
	Communicating in the Workplace
		Communicating within the Workplace
		Communicating to External Audiences
		Workplace Culture
	Managing Workplace Communication Challenges
		Globalization and Cross-Cultural Challenges
		Communication Technology Challenges
		Work/Life Conflict
		Workplace Diversity
	Interviewing Successfully
		What Is an Interview?
		Types of Interviews
		Landing a Job Interview
		Succeeding in a Job Interview
		Identifying and Responding to Illegal Questions
		For Review
		Key Terms
		Notes
Glossary
Index