Communication Dynamics Of Civil Movements /Organisation, Mobilisation, Protests/

Content
Actors and Agoras of Change: Civil Movements and Their
Communication Dynamic 11
Introduction 14
I. A Society of Organisations, Civil Movements and Institutions . 21
1.1. Communities and Organisations – Characteristics and
Classification . 22
1.2. Institutions . 27
1.2.1. Formal and Informal Constraints 28
1.2.2. Institutions and organisations – similarities and differences 32
1.3. Formal and Informal organisations . 34
1.4. Non-Governmental Organisations . 40
1.5. Civil Movements . 46
1.5.1. Civil Movements – Characteristics 48
1.5.2. Civil movements and other types of collective action . 54
1.5.3. Civil movements and parties (political organisations) 56
1.5.4. Civil movements and organisations 58
1.5.5. Types of civil movements 59
1.5.6. Subcultures – from communities to civil movements . 63
1.5.7. Subcultures in Bulgaria . 65
1.6 Civil movements in Bulgaria 70
1.6.1. Environmental movements 73
1.6.2. Nationalist movements . 75
1.6.3. Internet movements 77
1.6.4. Social needs – a source of mobilisation 80
1.6.5. Consumer movements 80
1.6.6. Political movements 82
1.6.7. Occupational movements 84
1.6.8. Gender and culture movements—lifestyle (New Age) movements 85
1.6.9. Nomadism in Bulgarian movements — seeking an identity . 87
Summary and conclusions 89
II. CIVIL MOVEMENT THEORIES — SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
EFFECTS . 93
2.1. Outlining concepts of the occurrence of movements . 94
2.1.1. Poverty and deprivation of civil rights—social factors for the
occurrence of movements . 94
2.1.2. Cultural symbols — a source of civil mobilisation 96
2.1.3. The concept of mobilisation through resources 98
2.1.4. Social strain — a source of mobilisation energy . 99
2.1.5. Political and economic theory of the emergence of civil
movements . 102
2.2. The movements from within—organisation, coordination
and action 105
2.2.1. Enemies and supporters of civil movements . 105
2.2.2. Motivation to participate in civil movements 108
2.2.3. Horizontalism—for a new society 113
2.2.4. Stages in the development of civil movements 118
2.2.5. Leadership in civil movements 124
2.3. Protest—organisation communication pattern, action . 126
2.3.1. Protest architecture . 127
2.3.2. Protest strategy and tactics 132
2.4. Focus on civil movements . 142
2.4.1. Movements as a necessity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
2.4.2. The challenges facing civil movements in Bulgaria 146
2.4.3. Social sensitivity and organised action . 150
2.4.4. We and They . 152
2.4.5. Social networks—platforms for collective topics . 156
Summary and conclusions 161
III. COMMUNICATION AND CHANGE — MEDIA RIPPLES 165
3.1. The communication environment—asymmetries and crossborder
influences . 166
3.2. Civil movements and media 174
3.2.1. Global activism for a global network . 175
3.2.2. Alternative or activist media 176
Summary and conclusions . 182
IV. CONFLICTS. COMMUNICATION DURING A CRISIS:
CASCADING EFFECTS 185
4.1. Risk and communication during a crisis — social scenarios 186
4.1.1. The risk — a sign that change is possible 187
4.2.2. Communication during a crisis . 188
4.1.3. Typology of crises 192
4.2. Communication of Civil Movements: Cascade Effects
during a Crisis 194
4.2.1. Civil Movements and Social Tension Processes . 194
4.2.2. Cascade Effects . 197
4.2.3. Identification of Social Resonators 200
4.2.4. Communication in Conflict Zones . 201
4.2.5. Navigation of Cascade Effects 203
4.2.6. Heuristics of Deductive Reasoning 204
4.2.7. Crisis Navigation – Working with Movements . 207
Summary and Conclusions 212
Conclusion . 214
Bibliography . 218
Monographs 218
Research Papers . 225
Online Sources 231
Appendix 237