Cometary Plasma Processes

Title Page
......Page 5
Copyright
......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
Preface......Page 10
NEED FOR NEW DATA......Page 12
COMET RENDEZVOUS ASTEROID FLYBY MISSION......Page 13
REFERENCES......Page 15
Comparisons......Page 16
Global Fluid Models......Page 17
Local Fluid Models......Page 20
The Solar Wind-Ionosphere Interface......Page 21
Conclusions......Page 25
References......Page 26
Electrostatic Charging of the Dust......Page 28
The Physical Effects of Electrostatic Charging......Page 29
The Dynamical Effects of Electrostatic Charging......Page 30
Effect of Dust on the Plasma and the Magnetic Field......Page 34
References......Page 35
1. Introduction......Page 37
2.3 Collisionopause......Page 38
3.2 Coulomb Collisions......Page 39
4.2 Charge Transfer Time Constants......Page 40
4.3 Coulomb Collision Time Constants......Page 41
5.2 Ion Energetics......Page 42
5.3 Electron Energetics......Page 43
References......Page 44
1. Introduction......Page 46
2. Review......Page 47
3. Time-Dependent Multiple Shock Model......Page 50
4. Observations and the Outstanding Issues......Page 53
References......Page 55
1.Introduction......Page 57
3. Validity and applications of MHD models......Page 58
5.Values along the axis......Page 60
6. Sources and sinks......Page 61
7.Critical velocity effect......Page 62
8.Values along the Giotto trajectory......Page 63
9.Stagnation flow......Page 64
10. Contact surface......Page 66
11. The tail......Page 67
12 . CONCLUSIONS......Page 68
References......Page 70
Introduction......Page 72
Magnetic Field Line Draping......Page 73
Cross-sections of the Cometary Wake......Page 76
References......Page 78
Introduction......Page 80
Experimental Observations......Page 81
Simulation model and results......Page 82
Conclusions......Page 90
References......Page 91
1. Main Features of the Cometosheath Plasma and Magnetic Field Observations......Page 93
a. Outer Region 1: The Turbulent Region......Page 96
c. The Mysterious Transition......Page 98
d. Outer Region 3: The Qulet Region......Page 102
a. The Giotto Magnetic Pile-up Boundary......Page 103
b. The Inner Cometosheath between the MPB and the Contact Surface: the Magnetic Pile-up Region......Page 107
Conclusion......Page 108
References......Page 109
2.1 Bow shock......Page 112
2.3. Cometopause......Page 113
3.1 Discontinuities of the magnetic field in the cometary plasma region.......Page 116
3.3. The "mystery region" in the electron component of plasma detected form the Giotto spacecraft.......Page 117
3.4 The magnetic field "pile-up boundary"......Page 118
3.5 Precipitation of electrons with energies ? 1 key near r104 km.......Page 119
References......Page 120
Introduction......Page 122
Plasma Measurements......Page 123
Non-local Pick-up......Page 124
Discussion......Page 126
References......Page 128
1. Introduction......Page 130
2. Cometosheath......Page 131
3. Sunward structure in telescopic images......Page 132
References......Page 133
The data set and its reduction......Page 135
The observations......Page 136
Summary and discussion......Page 141
References......Page 142
Dimensions of ion tails......Page 143
Tail velocities and accelerations......Page 145
Tail magnetic fields......Page 146
Ion production rates......Page 147
Tail kinks and associated Rayleigh-Taylor instability......Page 149
Tail rays......Page 150
Tail disconnection events......Page 154
References......Page 155
Review of DE Theories, Plasma-Tail Formation......Page 157
Kinematics, Disconnection Time for January 9-10 DE......Page 159
Solar-wind Measurements, Heliospheric Current Sheet,and Corotation to Comet Halley......Page 160
Conclusion......Page 162
References......Page 163
Observations......Page 164
Derived Properties of the Events......Page 166
Plasma Properties......Page 167
Discussion......Page 169
References......Page 171
Experimental Design......Page 173
Initial Data and Method of Processing......Page 174
Discussion of Results......Page 177
References......Page 178
2. E-Field Observations near the bow shock......Page 180
3. E-Field Observations in the Mystery Region......Page 181
4. E-Field Observations in the Cometopause......Page 185
5. Close-in Observations: the Dust Gradients......Page 187
6. Conclusion......Page 188
References......Page 189
Theoretical Background......Page 190
Right-hand Resonant Helical Beam Instability......Page 192
Waves Detected Far from the Comet......Page 193
Resonant L-mode Waves? a = 90°, Intervals far from the Comet......Page 194
Drift Mirror Mode......Page 197
II. Nonlinear Properties Of The Low Frequency Cometary Waves......Page 199
Comparison to the Earth's Foreshock Wave......Page 202
Wave Cascading - Turbulence?......Page 203
III. ELF and VLF Plasma Waves......Page 204
Final Comments......Page 205
References......Page 207
Simple Model......Page 211
Vlasov Model......Page 212
Introduction......Page 213
Particle Resonances......Page 214
Parallel Electromagnetic Propagation......Page 215
Nonresonant Instabilities......Page 217
Instabilities at Oblique Propagation......Page 218
Summary......Page 219
References......Page 220
1. Introduction......Page 222
2. Quasilinear theory of MHD turbulence in the mass-loaded solar wind......Page 223
References......Page 238
2. Historical Remarks and Early Research Efforts......Page 240
3.1. Pitch Angle Diffusion in a Weakly Turbulent Field......Page 241
3.2. Pitch Angle Scattering by Large Amplitude Waves......Page 244
4. Quasi-Linear Theory for Weak Turbulence Regime......Page 247
4.1. Pitch Angle Diffusion in a Steady-State Turbulence......Page 248
4.2. Pitch Angle and Velocity Diffusion in a Steady-StateTurbulence......Page 250
4.3. Self-Consistent Pitch Angle Diffusion......Page 251
5. Wave-Particle Interaction in a Highly Turbulent Plasma......Page 254
References......Page 255
2. Observations of turbulence......Page 258
3. Resonant wave particle interactions......Page 260
4. Free energy from the ion distribution......Page 263
5. Quasi-linear theory......Page 264
6. A continuity equation for the wave intensity......Page 266
8. Comparison with observations......Page 267
References......Page 269
Observations......Page 271
Discussion and Summary......Page 272
References......Page 274
Pitch Angle and Energy Diffusion Process:A Quick Look......Page 275
Spatial Variation of Scattering Efficiency......Page 276
Models of Cometary Ion Acceleration......Page 277
Model by Barbosa/Isenberg......Page 278
Discussion and Summary......Page 279
References......Page 280
Acceleration with an Extended Source......Page 285
Comparison with Observations......Page 286
References......Page 287
Introduction......Page 288
Upstream Versus Downstream Ion Acceleration......Page 289
The Upstream Region......Page 290
The Downstream Region......Page 292
Conclusion......Page 294
References......Page 295
Introduction......Page 297
Protons......Page 298
Water group ions......Page 299
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 305
References......Page 306
Introduction......Page 307
a Protons......Page 308
b Water group ions......Page 310
References......Page 312
2 Theoretical Overview......Page 314
3 Instrumentation......Page 317
4 Cometary Ions in the Pick-up Region......Page 319
5 The Cometary Shock and Outer Mass-Loaded Region......Page 326
6 The Inner Mass-Loaded Region and Cold Ion Tail......Page 331
References......Page 333
Neutral Densities......Page 336
Ion Densities......Page 337
Oxygen Density Distribution......Page 338
Pick-up Ions......Page 339
Sample Calculations......Page 340
References......Page 341
Introduction......Page 343
Identity of the Recorded Ions......Page 344
Flux variations......Page 346
References......Page 347
REFERENCES......Page 348
References......Page 350
3. Observations......Page 351
4. Discussion......Page 355
5. Summary and Conclusions......Page 357
References......Page 358