Combustion Theory

Introduction......Page 6
 1.1 Mole Fractions and Mass Fractions......Page 9
  1.2.1 The Mass Fraction......Page 10
  1.2.3 The Partial Molar Density......Page 11
  1.2.5 The Thermal Equation of State......Page 12
  1.2.6 Stoichiometry......Page 13
  1.2.7 The Mixture Fraction......Page 15
2 Adiabatic Flame Temperature and Chemical Equilibrium......Page 19
 2.1.1 The Chemical Potential and the Law of Mass Action......Page 32
 2.2 An Example: Equilibrium Calculation of the H2-Air System......Page 34
 2.3 The Heterogeneous Equilibrium......Page 36
 Bibliography......Page 40
 3.1 Balance Equations......Page 41
 3.2 Mass Balance......Page 43
 3.3 Momentum Balance......Page 44
 3.6 Total and Internal Energy and Enthalpy Balance......Page 45
 3.7 Transport Processes......Page 46
 3.8 Different Forms of the Energy Equation......Page 48
 3.9 Balance Equations for Element Mass Fractions......Page 50
 Bibliography......Page 52
 4.1 The Laminar Burning Velocity......Page 54
 4.2 Governing Equations for Steady Premixed Flames, Numerical Calculations and Experimental Data......Page 58
 4.3 A Field Equation Describing the Flame Position......Page 62
 4.4 Flame Stretch......Page 64
 4.5 Flame Front Instability......Page 66
 Bibliography......Page 74
 5.1 Premixed Flames Based on One-step Asymptotics......Page 76
 5.2 Flame Thickness and Flame Time......Page 81
 6 Asymptotic Structure of Four-Step Premixed Stoichiometric Methane Flames......Page 85
 6.1 The Four-Step Model for Methane-Air Flames......Page 86
 6.2 The Asymptotic Structure......Page 91
 6.3 An Analytic Expression for the Burning Velocity......Page 96
 6.4 Relation to the Activation Energy of the One-step Model......Page 97
 6.5 Analytic Approximations of Burning Velocities for Lean CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, and C3H8 Flames......Page 99
 Bibliography......Page 104
 7.1 Lean Flammability Limits of Hydrocarbon Flames......Page 105
 7.2 Extinction of a Plane Flame by Volumetric Heat Loss......Page 107
 Bibliography......Page 113
8 Laminar Diffusion Flames: Basic Theory......Page 114
 8.1 Flamelet Structure of a Diffusion Flame......Page 115
 8.2 The Planar Counterflow Diffusion Flame......Page 118
 8.3 Steady State Combustion and Quenching of Diffusion Flames with One-Step Chemistry......Page 121
 8.4 Time and Length Scales in Diffusion Flames......Page 126
 8.5 Diffusion Flame Structure of Methane-Air Flames......Page 129
 Bibliography......Page 132
 9.1 Diffusion Flames in a Stagnation Point Boundary Layer: The Tsuji Flame......Page 133
 9.2 The Round Laminar Diffusion Flame......Page 138
 9.3 Single Droplet Combustion......Page 142
 Bibliography......Page 149
 10.1 What is Specific about Turbulence with Combustion?......Page 150
 10.2 Statistical Description of Turbulent Flows......Page 152
 10.3 Navier-Stokes Equations and Turbulence Models......Page 155
 10.4 Two-Point Velocity Correlations and Turbulent Scales......Page 157
 10.5 Balance Equations for Reactive Scalars......Page 162
 10.6 Moment Methods for Reactive Scalars......Page 163
 10.7 Dissipation and Scalar Transport of Non-Reacting Scalars......Page 164
 10.8 The Eddy Break Up and the Eddy Dissipation Model......Page 166
 10.9 The Pdf Transport Equation Model......Page 167
 10.10The Laminar Flamelet Concept......Page 169
 10.11The BML-Model and the Coherent Flamelet Model......Page 170
 10.12Combustion Models used in Large Eddy Simulation......Page 171
 10.13Modeling the Scalar Dissipation Rate......Page 174
 10.14LES of Real Combustion Devices......Page 178
 Bibliography......Page 180
 11.1 Regimes in Premixed Turbulent Combustion......Page 185
 11.2 Regimes in Premixed Combustion LES......Page 195
 Bibliography......Page 199
12 The Level Set Approach for Turbulent Premixed Combustion......Page 201
 12.1 The Level Set Approach for the Thin Reaction Zones Regime......Page 206
 12.2 A Common Level Set Equation for Both Regimes......Page 209
 12.3 Modeling Premixed Turbulent Combustion Based on the Level Set Approach......Page 211
 12.4 Equations for the Mean and the Variance of G......Page 215
 Bibliography......Page 219
 13.1 The Turbulent Burning Velocity......Page 222
 13.2 A Model Equation for the Flame Surface Area Ratio......Page 227
 Bibliography......Page 236
14 Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion: The Flamelet Concept......Page 239
 14.1 The Presumed Shape Pdf Approach......Page 241
 14.2 The Round Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flame......Page 243
 14.3 Experimental Data from Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames......Page 248
 14.4 Laminar Flamelet Equations for Nonpremixed Combustion......Page 252
 Bibliography......Page 260
 15.1 Spray-Guided Spark-Ignition Combustion......Page 263
 15.2 Injection-Rate Shaping in Diesel Engine Combustion......Page 275
 Bibliography......Page 0