Combustion engineering

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Universal Constants
Acknowledgments
Preface to First Edition
Preface to Second Edition
Preface to Third Edition
About the Authors
Nomenclature
1. Introduction to Combustion Engineering
	1.1 The Nature of Combustion
	1.2 Combustion Emissions
	1.3 Sustainability and Global Climate Change
	1.4 Structure of the Book
	Bibliography
Part I Basic Concepts
	2. Fuels
		2.1 Gaseous Fuels
			2.1.1 Characterization of Gaseous Fuels
		2.2 Liquid Fuels
			2.2.1 Molecular Structure
			2.2.2 Characterization of Liquid Fuels
			2.2.3 Liquid Fuel Types
		2.3 Solid Fuels
			2.3.1 Biomass
			2.3.2 Peat
			2.3.3 Coal
			2.3.4 Refuse-Derived Fuels
			2.3.5 Characterization of Solid Fuels
		Bibliography
	3. Thermodynamics of Combustion
		3.1 Review of First Law Concepts
		3.2 Properties of Mixtures
		3.3 Combustion Stoichiometry
		3.4 Chemical Energy
			3.4.1 Heat of Formation and Absolute Enthalpy
			3.4.2 Heat of Reaction
		3.5 Chemical Equilibrium
			3.5.1 Chemical Equilibrium Criterion
			3.5.2 Properties of Combustion Products
		3.6 Adiabatic Flame Temperature
		Bibliography
	4. Chemical Kinetics of Combustion
		4.1 Elementary Reactions
		4.2 Chain Reactions
		4.3 Global Reactions
		4.4 Nitric Oxide Kinetics
			4.4.1 Prompt NO and Fuel-Bound NO
		4.5 Reactions at a Solid Surface
		Bibliography
Part II Combustion of Gaseous and Vaporized Fuels
	5. Flames
		5.1 Laminar Premixed Flames
			5.1.1 Effect of Stoichiometry on Laminar Flame Speed
			5.1.2 Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Laminar Flame Speed
			5.1.3 Stabilization of Premixed Flames
		5.2 Laminar Flame Theory
			5.2.1 Laminar Flame Equations
			5.2.2 Simplified Laminar Flame Model
		5.3 Turbulent Premixed Flames
			5.3.1 Turbulence Parameters, Length Scales, and Time Scales
			5.3.2 Turbulent Flame Types
		5.4 Explosion Limits
		5.5 Diffusion Flames
			5.5.1 Free Jet Flames
			5.5.2 Concentric Jet Flames
			5.5.3 Concentric Jet Flame with Bluff Body
		Bibliography
	6. Gas-Fired Furnaces and Boilers
		6.1 Energy Balance and Efficiency
			6.1.1 Furnace and Boiler Efficiency
		6.2 Fuel Substitution
		6.3 Residential Gas Burners
		6.4 Industrial Gas Burners
		6.5 Utility Gas Burners
		6.6 Low Swirl Gas Burners
		Bibliography
	7. Spark-Ignition Engine Combustion
		7.1 Introduction to the Spark-Ignition Engine
		7.2 Engine Efficiency
		7.3 One-Zone Model of Combustion in a Cylinder
		7.4 Two-Zone Model of Combustion in a Cylinder
		7.5 In-Cylinder Flame Structure
		7.6 Combustion Chamber and New Concepts
		7.7 Emission Controls
		7.8 Alternative SI Engine Fuels
		7.9 Review of Terminology for Premixed Gas, Four-Stroke Engines
		Bibliography
	8. Detonation of Gaseous Mixtures
		8.1 Transition to Detonation
		8.2 Steady-State Detonations
		8.3 One-Dimensional Model for Propagation Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature Rise across a Detonation
		8.4 Pulse and Maintained Detonations
		Bibliography
Part III Combustion of Liquid Fuels
	9. Spray Formation and Droplet Behavior
		9.1 Spray Formation
		9.2 Droplet Size Distributions
		9.3 Fuel Injectors
			9.3.1 Steady Flow Injectors
			9.3.2 Intermittent Injectors
		9.4 Vaporization of Single Droplets
		Bibliography
	10. Oil-Fired Furnace Combustion
		10.1 Oil-Fired Systems
		10.2 Spray Combustion in Furnaces and Boilers
		10.3 Plug Flow Model of a Uniform Field of Droplets
		10.4 Emissions from Oil-Fired Furnaces and Boilers
		Bibliography
	11. Gas Turbine Spray Combustion
		11.1 Gas Turbine Operating Parameters
		11.2 Combustor Design
			11.2.1 Ignition
			11.2.2 Flame Stabilization
		11.3 Combustion Rate
		11.4 Liner Heat Transfer
		11.5 Low-Emissions Combustors
		Bibliography
	12. Compression-Ignition Engine Combustion
		12.1 Introduction to Diesel Engine Combustion
		12.2 Combustion Chamber Geometry and Flow Patterns
		12.3 Fuel Injection
		12.4 Diesel Spray Combustion Process
		12.5 One-Zone Model and Rate of Combustion
		12.6 Engine Emissions
			12.6.1 Diesel Engine Emission Standards
		12.7 Unconventional Compression Ignition Engines
		12.8 Alternative Diesel Engine Fuels
		Bibliography
	13. Detonation of Liquid and Gaseous Mixtures
		13.1 Detonation of Liquid Fuel Sprays
			13.1.1 Droplet Breakup
			13.1.2 Spray Detonations
		13.2 Detonation of Liquid Fuel Layers
		Bibliography
Part IV Combustion of Solid Fuels
	14. Solid Fuel Combustion Mechanisms
		14.1 Drying of Solid Fuels
			14.1.1 Drying of Small Particles
			14.1.2 Drying of Larger Particles
		14.2 Devolatilization of Solid Fuels
		14.3 Char Combustion
			14.3.1 Char burnout
			14.3.2 Char Surface Temperature
		14.4 Ash Formation
		Bibliography
	15. Fixed Bed Combustion
		15.1 Biomass Cookstoves
		15.2 Space-Heating Stoves Using Logs
		15.3 Grate Burning Systems for Heat and Power
			15.3.1 Traveling Grate Spreader Stokers
			15.3.2 Vibrating Grate Spreader Stokers
		15.4 Combustion Efficiency and Boiler Efficiency
		15.5 Modeling Combustion of Solid Fuels on a Grate
			15.5.1 Modeling Fixed Bed Char Combustion
			15.5.2 Modeling Fixed Bed Combustion of Biomass
		Bibliography
	16. Suspension Burning
		16.1 Pulverized Coal Burning Systems
			16.1.1 Location of Fuel and Air Nozzles
			16.1.2 Furnace Design
		16.2 Pulverized Coal Combustion
			16.2.1 Isothermal Plug Flow of Pulverized Coal
			16.2.2 Non-Isothermal Plug Flow of Pulverized Char Suspension
		16.3 Behavior of Ash
		16.4 Emissions from Pulverized Coal Boilers
		16.5 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration
		16.6 Biomass-Fired Boilers
		Bibliography
	17. Fluidized Bed Combustion
		17.1 Fluidization Fundamentals
			17.1.1 Pressure Drop across the Bed
			17.1.2 Minimum Fluidization Velocity
			17.1.3 Single Particle Terminal Velocity
			17.1.4 Bubbling Beds
			17.1.5 Heat and Mass Transfer in the Bed
		17.2 Combustion in a Bubbling Bed
			17.2.1 Neglect Bubbles and Assume Complete Combustion in Bed
			17.2.2 Neglect Bubbles but Include Some Combustion above the Bed
			17.2.3 Include the Effect of Bubbles and Some Combustion above the Bed
			17.2.4 Fuel Hold-Up in the Bed
		17.3 Atmospheric Pressure Fluidized Bed Combustion Systems
			17.3.1 Emissions from Fluidized Bed Boilers
		17.4 Circulating Fluidized Beds
		17.5 Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasification of Biomass
		Bibliography
Appendix A: Properties of Fuels
Appendix B: Properties of Air (at 1 atm)
Appendix C: Thermodynamic Properties of Combustion Products
Appendix D: Historical Perspective on Combustion Technology
Index
Conversion Factors – English to SI Units