Color Appearance Models, 2nd edition (The Wiley-IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology)

Color Appearance Models......Page 3
Contents......Page 9
Series Preface......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
Introduction......Page 21
1.1 Optics of the Eye......Page 25
1.2 The Retina......Page 30
1.3 Visual Signal Processing......Page 36
1.4 Mechanisms of Color Vision......Page 41
1.5 Spatial and Temporal Properties of Color Vision......Page 50
1.6 Color Vision Deficiencies......Page 54
1.7 Key Features for Color Appearance Modeling......Page 58
2 Psychophysics......Page 59
2.1 Psychophysics Defined......Page 60
2.2 Historical Context......Page 61
2.3 Hierarchy of Scales......Page 64
2.4 Threshold Techniques......Page 66
2.5 Matching Techniques......Page 69
2.6 One-Dimensional Scaling......Page 70
2.7 Multidimensional Scaling......Page 73
2.8 Design of Psychophysical Experiments......Page 74
2.9 Importance in Color Appearance Modeling......Page 76
3.1 Basic and Advanced Colorimetry......Page 77
3.2 Why is Color?......Page 78
3.3 Light Sources and Illuminants......Page 79
3.4 Colored Materials......Page 83
3.5 The Human Visual Response......Page 90
3.6 Tristimulus Values and Color Matching Functions......Page 94
3.7 Chromaticity Diagrams......Page 101
3.8 CIE Color Spaces......Page 102
3.9 Color Difference Specification......Page 104
3.10 The Next Step......Page 106
4.1 Importance of Definitions......Page 107
4.2 Color......Page 108
4.3 Hue......Page 109
4.4 Brightness and Lightness......Page 110
4.5 Colorfulness and Chroma......Page 111
4.7 Unrelated and Related Colors......Page 112
4.8 Definitions in Equations......Page 114
4.9 Brightness–Colorfulness vs Lightness–Chroma......Page 115
5.1 Overview and Requirements......Page 118
5.2 The Munsell Book of Color......Page 120
5.3 The Swedish Natural Color System (NCS)......Page 123
5.4 The Colorcurve System......Page 126
5.5 Other Color Order Systems......Page 127
5.6 Uses of Color Order Systems......Page 130
5.7 Color Naming Systems......Page 133
6.1 What Are Color Appearance Phenomena?......Page 135
6.2 Simultaneous Contrast, Crispening, and Spreading......Page 137
6.3 Bezold–Brücke Hue Shift (Hue Changes with Luminance)......Page 140
6.4 Abney Effect (Hue Changes with Colorimetric Purity)......Page 141
6.5 Helmholtz–Kohlrausch Effect (Brightness Depends on Luminance and Chromaticity)......Page 143
6.6 Hunt Effect (Colorfulness Increases with Luminance)......Page 144
6.8 Helson–Judd Effect (Hue of Nonselective Samples)......Page 146
6.9 Bartleson–Breneman Equations (Image Contrast Changes with Surround)......Page 149
6.11 Other Context and Structural Effects......Page 151
6.12 Color Constancy?......Page 156
7.1 Configuration of the Viewing Field......Page 158
7.2 Colorimetric Specification of the Viewing Field......Page 162
7.3 Modes of Viewing......Page 165
7.4 Unrelated and Related Colors Revisited......Page 168
8 Chromatic Adaptation......Page 170
8.1 Light, Dark, and Chromatic Adaptation......Page 171
8.2 Physiology......Page 173
8.3 Sensory and Cognitive Mechanisms......Page 181
8.4 Corresponding-colors Data......Page 183
8.5 Models......Page 186
8.6 Computational Color Constancy......Page 188
9 Chromatic Adaptation Models......Page 190
9.1 von Kries Model......Page 192
9.2 Retinex Theory......Page 195
9.3 Nayatani et al. Model......Page 196
9.4 Guth’s Model......Page 198
9.5 Fairchild’s Model......Page 201
9.6 Herding CATs......Page 203
9.7 CAT02......Page 205
10.1 Definition of Color Appearance Models......Page 207
10.2 Construction of Color Appearance Models......Page 208
10.3 CIELAB......Page 209
10.4 Why Not Use Just CIELAB?......Page 217
10.5 What About CIELUV?......Page 218
11.1 Objectives and Approach......Page 220
11.2 Input Data......Page 221
11.3 Adaptation Model......Page 222
11.4 Opponent Color Dimensions......Page 224
11.5 Brightness......Page 225
11.7 Hue......Page 226
11.9 Chroma......Page 227
11.11 Inverse Model......Page 228
11.13 Why Not Use Just the Nayatani et al. Model?......Page 229
12.1 Objectives and Approach......Page 232
12.2 Input Data......Page 233
12.3 Adaptation Model......Page 235
12.4 Opponent Color Dimensions......Page 239
12.5 Hue......Page 240
12.6 Saturation......Page 241
12.7 Brightness......Page 242
12.10 Colorfulness......Page 244
12.11 Inverse Model......Page 245
12.12 Phenomena Predicted......Page 246
12.13 Why Not Use Just the Hunt Model?......Page 248
13.1 Objectives and Approach......Page 249
13.2 Input Data......Page 251
13.3 Adaptation Model......Page 252
13.4 Opponent Color Dimensions......Page 254
13.6 Hue......Page 256
13.9 Inverse Model......Page 258
13.11 Why Not Use Just the RLAB Model?......Page 260
14.1 Overview......Page 262
14.2 ATD Model......Page 263
14.3 LLAB Model......Page 269
15.1 Historical Development, Objectives, and Approach......Page 276
15.3 Adaptation Model......Page 279
15.4 Appearance Correlates......Page 281
15.6 Phenomena Predicted......Page 283
15.7 The ZLAB Color Appearance Model......Page 284
15.8 Why Not Use Just CIECAM97s?......Page 288
16.1 Objectives and Approach......Page 289
16.2 Input Data......Page 290
16.3 Adaptation Model......Page 291
16.5 Hue......Page 295
16.7 Brightness......Page 296
16.11 Cartesian Coordinates......Page 297
16.13 Implementation Guidelines......Page 298
16.15 Why Not Use Just CIECAM02?......Page 299
16.16 Outlook......Page 301
17.1 Overview......Page 302
17.2 Qualitative Tests......Page 303
17.3 Corresponding Colors Data......Page 307
17.4 Magnitude Estimation Experiments......Page 309
17.5 Direct Model Tests......Page 311
17.6 CIE Activities......Page 315
17.7 A Pictorial Review of Color Appearance Models......Page 319
18.1 Color Rendering......Page 323
18.2 Color Differences......Page 325
18.3 Indices of Metamerism......Page 328
18.4 A General System of Colorimetry?......Page 330
19 Device-independent Color Imaging......Page 332
19.1 The Problem......Page 333
19.2 Levels of Color Reproduction......Page 334
19.3 A Revised Set of Objectives......Page 336
19.4 General Solution......Page 339
19.5 Device Calibration and Characterization......Page 340
19.7 Definition of Viewing Conditions......Page 345
19.8 Viewing-conditions-independent Color Space......Page 347
19.9 Gamut Mapping......Page 348
19.10 Color Preferences......Page 351
19.12 Example System......Page 352
19.13 ICC Implementation......Page 354
20 Image Appearance Modeling and The Future......Page 358
20.1 From Color Appearance to Image Appearance......Page 359
20.2 The iCAM Framework......Page 364
20.3 A Modular Image-difference Model......Page 370
20.4 Image Appearance and Rendering Applications......Page 374
20.5 Image Difference and Quality Applications......Page 379
20.6 Future Directions......Page 381
References......Page 385
Index......Page 402