Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research

Geophysical Monograph SeriesIncluding......Page 1
Collisionless Shocksin the Heliosphere:Reviews of Current Research......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 5
Introduction......Page 6
1. Introduction......Page 8
2. Shock Formation in the Corona......Page 9
3. Models of Coronal Transients......Page 10
3.2. Stationary-Driver Models......Page 11
4.1. Effect of Ambient Magnetic Field......Page 12
4.2. Shock- Transient Association......Page 13
5. Summary......Page 17
References......Page 18
1. Introduction......Page 20
3. Mass Motions and Waves in the Corona......Page 21
Sprays and Eruptive Prominences......Page 22
White Light Transients and CoronalMass Ejections CME's......Page 23
Relaxation of the Corona AfterLarge Disturbances......Page 24
Type II Radio Bursts......Page 25
Individual Event Analyses......Page 29
Solar Cycle Variation of the CME andType II/IV Burst Rate......Page 30
Shock-Associated Fast Drift Bursts......Page 31
Interplanetary Scintillationsof Radio Sources......Page 32
8. Conclusions......Page 33
References......Page 34
2. Origin of Interplantary Shock Waves _<1 AU......Page 40
3. Some Characteristics of Interplanetary ShockWaves _< 1 AU......Page 41
4. Interplanetary Propagation......Page 42
5. Postshock Flows and Structures......Page 46
5.3. Overall Magnetic Field Topology......Page 47
5.5. Ejected Mass Considerations......Page 48
6. Shock-Associated "Particle and Field"Observations......Page 51
References......Page 53
Introduction......Page 58
Status of Interplanetary ShockResearch as of the Mid-1970's......Page 59
Summary of Theoretical Effortsin Last Decade......Page 61
Applications of One-Dimensional Models......Page 62
Applications of Multidimensional Models......Page 66
Evaluation of the Theoretical Workof the Last Decade......Page 71
References......Page 73
1. Introduction......Page 76
2. Solar Minimum: Shocks at and Beyond I AU......Page 77
3. Solar Minimum:Effect of Shocks on the Distant Solar Wind......Page 78
4. Solar Minimum:Shocks and Energetic Particles......Page 80
6. Solar Maximum:Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Shocks......Page 84
7. Solar Maximum: Cosmic Ray Modulation......Page 86
References......Page 88
Introduction......Page 91
Magnetohydrodynamic Theory forPlanetary Bow Wave Flows......Page 94
Dissipationless Magnetohydrodynamic Theoryfor Planetary Bow Wave Flows......Page 97
Gasdynamic Approximation ofMagnetohydrodynamic Planetary Flows......Page 102
Conclusions......Page 111
Introduction......Page 114
The Moon......Page 115
Mercury......Page 116
Venus......Page 117
Mars......Page 119
Jupiter and Saturn......Page 120
Comets and Asteroids......Page 122
The Shock Jump......Page 123
The Proper Mack Number for Modeling the Bow Shock......Page 124
The Applicability of the Gas Dynamic Solution......Page 126
The Location of the Shock......Page 127
Venus......Page 128
The Earth......Page 130
Mars......Page 131
Jupiter and Saturn......Page 132
References......Page 133
Subcritical Collisionless Shock Waves......Page 136
References......Page 144
Introduction......Page 146
Shock Magnetic Profiles......Page 147
Space Results......Page 148
The Shock Potential......Page 149
Velocity Space Signatures ofSpecularly Reflected Ions......Page 150
Effective Ion Temperature Producedby Specular Reflection......Page 151
Os, Control of Initial Orbit of aSpecularly Reflected Ion......Page 153
Ion Dissipation at the Quasi-Parallel Shock......Page 155
References......Page 156
1. Introduction......Page 158
2. Simulation Codes......Page 159
3. Quasi-Perpendicular Shock Structure......Page 160
4.1. Early Time Behavior T << l......Page 162
5. Recent Shock Simulations......Page 164
6. Summary......Page 171
References......Page 172
Introduction......Page 174
Oblique Structure......Page 175
Parallel Structure......Page 177
Quasi-Parallel Structure......Page 179
Quasi-Parallel Substructure......Page 181
Summary......Page 186
1. Introduction......Page 190
2. Simulation Codes......Page 191
3. Early Simulation Results......Page 193
4. Recent Simulation Results......Page 195
References......Page 198
1. Introduction......Page 200
2. Fluid Electron Heating......Page 201
3. Electron Heating Mechanism......Page 202
4. Summary and Conclusions......Page 208
References......Page 209
1. Introduction......Page 211
2. The Shock Transition Region......Page 212
2.1. Interpretation of the High-FrequencyElectrostatic Noise......Page 215
2.2. Alternative Interpretations of the Low-FrequencyElectric and Magnetic Field Noise......Page 218
3. The Upstream Region......Page 219
3.2. Interpretation of the UpstreamIon Acoustic Waves......Page 223
4. The Downstream Region......Page 224
5. Conclusions......Page 225
References......Page 226
1. Introduction......Page 229
2. Basic Concepts: Notation and Geometry......Page 230
3. Instabilities at Quasi-Perpendicular Shocks......Page 231
3.1. High-Frequency Instabilities......Page 232
3.2. Low-Frequency Instabilities......Page 233
4. Instabilities at Quasi-Parallel Shocks......Page 235
5. Conclusions......Page 236
2. Background......Page 241
3. The ISEE Particle Data......Page 246
4. The ISEE Plasma Wave Data......Page 250
5. Summary......Page 253
References......Page 256
2. Upstream Suprathermal Ion Populations andTheir Associated Waves......Page 257
2.2. Gyrating Ion Distributions......Page 262
3.1. The Kinematics of Shock Reflection......Page 263
3.2. Gyrating Ions......Page 264
3.3. Field-Aligned Beams......Page 266
3.4. Intermediate Distributions......Page 267
3.5 Diffuse Distributions......Page 269
4. Interplanetary Shocks......Page 270
References......Page 271
1. Introduction......Page 275
2. Shock Drift Acceleration Theory......Page 276
3. Observations Relevant to SDA......Page 281
4. Summary and Conclusions......Page 286
References......Page 288
Introduction......Page 290
Observations of Diffuse Ions Upstreamof the Bow Shock......Page 291
Theory of Diffusive Accelerationat the Bow Shock......Page 296
Observations of Diffuse Ionsat Interplanetary Shocks......Page 297
Concluding Remarks......Page 301
References......Page 302
Notation......Page 305