Collaborative Enterprise Architecture: Enriching EA with Lean, Agile, and Enterprise 2.0 practices

Cover......Page 1
Collaborative Enterprise Architecture: Enriching EA with Lean, Agile, andEnterprise 2.0 Practices......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Reasons for this book......Page 14
Goals and benefits of enterprise architecture......Page 17
Controlling IT complexity......Page 19
Aligning business and IT......Page 22
The gray reality: Enterprise architecture failures......Page 24
Between success and disappointment......Page 25
Perspective: Between bird's-eye view and nitty-gritty on the ground......Page 27
Governance: A host of directives, but no one follows them......Page 32
Strategy: Marathon or 100m run?......Page 34
Transformation: Between standstill and continuous revolution......Page 36
Enriching EA by Lean, Agile, and Enterprise 2.0 Practices......Page 38
How this book is structured......Page 41
The meaning of architecture......Page 44
Applying architecture to an enterprise......Page 47
EA applicability and use......Page 49
Content......Page 52
Defining the IT strategy (EA-1)......Page 54
Defining the goals......Page 55
Stipulating the rules......Page 56
The Gartner Grid......Page 59
Identifying the initiatives......Page 61
Models and views of various architectures......Page 62
Visualizing cross-relations and transformations......Page 64
Modeling standards......Page 65
Identifying applications and key performance indicators......Page 71
Assessing applications......Page 74
Assessing alternatives......Page 76
Summary......Page 78
General IT transformations......Page 79
SOA transformations......Page 80
Competence development for enterprise architects......Page 82
Competency tree for an enterprise architect......Page 83
Building the competence......Page 86
Team organization......Page 87
Team composition......Page 88
EA team position in the organization structure......Page 89
Developing and enforcing standards and guidelines (EA-5)......Page 91
Standardizing on technology usage......Page 92
Enforcing standards and guidelines......Page 96
Monitoring the project portfolio (EA-6)......Page 99
Building the project portfolio......Page 100
Pushing IT-focused effort into the portfolio......Page 102
Prioritizing the projects......Page 103
Patrolling for architecture conformance......Page 106
Making it a two-way dialogue......Page 109
Leading or coaching projects (EA-7)......Page 111
Managing risks involved in IT (EA-8)......Page 113
Content......Page 118
What is an EA framework?......Page 119
The Zachman framework for enterprise architecture......Page 121
The open group architecture framework (TOGAF)......Page 123
TOGAF architecture development methodology (ADM)......Page 124
TOGAF architecture content framework......Page 127
TOGAF architecture capability framework......Page 128
Gartner methodology (formerly META framework)......Page 131
The role and use of EA frameworks......Page 134
Content......Page 136
What is a maturity model?......Page 137
A rule of thumb for the architectural maturity of an enterprise......Page 139
OMB EA assessment framework......Page 140
Architecture capability maturity model of the US department of commerce......Page 143
EA maturity model by MIT center for information system research......Page 145
Experiences with the maturity models......Page 147
Content......Page 150
Beyond threshing machines......Page 152
Structure and behavior of complex phenomena......Page 153
Principles of managing complexity......Page 154
Management capabilities of hierarchies and networks......Page 159
The EA dashboard as a yardstick for EA effectiveness......Page 165
Content......Page 172
The architecture factory: Applying lean and agile methods to EA......Page 173
Lean and agile principles as facilitators for the architecture factory......Page 175
Definition of a lean and agile EA......Page 176
Team-driven and flexible: Agile software development......Page 178
What is the agile methodology good for? The main practices, with benefits and shortcomings......Page 181
Silver bullet, or special tool for the innovator niche? Agile in the enterprise world......Page 184
Agile and architecture: An antagonism?......Page 185
Learning from mass production: Lean software development......Page 187
Principle 1: Eliminating waste......Page 188
Principle 3: Create knowledge......Page 190
Principle 5: Deliver fast......Page 191
Software Kanban......Page 192
Lean and agile: Parallels and differences......Page 193
Building Block 1: Get rid of waste by streamlining architecture processes......Page 195
The seven wastes of EA......Page 196
Partially done work......Page 197
Overarchitecting......Page 199
Handoffs......Page 200
Task switching......Page 203
Defects......Page 204
Value stream analysis tools for EA......Page 206
The EA waste matrix......Page 207
The EA value stream......Page 209
Process activity mapping......Page 210
The pipeline response matrix......Page 214
Transition to a lean and agile EA organization......Page 216
Building Block 2: Involve all stakeholders by interlocking architecture scrums......Page 218
An agile EA project......Page 219
Scrum patterns for EA......Page 222
A pilot project at Bank4Us......Page 226
Summing it up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard......Page 228
Building Block 3: Practice iterative architecture through EA Kanban......Page 229
Agile EA requirements management......Page 230
Levels of agile requirements......Page 233
Iterations in EA......Page 234
An EA Kanban board using TOGAF ADM......Page 235
Rules for the EA Kanban board......Page 239
Synchronization with implementation projects......Page 243
Summing it up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard......Page 246
Content......Page 248
A primer on Enterprise 2.0......Page 250
Building Block 4: Participation in knowledge......Page 259
The Strategy blog......Page 260
Collaborative data modeling: The objectPedia......Page 262
Weak ties and a self-organizing application landscape......Page 264
Summing it up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard......Page 269
Building Block 5: Participation in decisions......Page 271
The diagnostic process landscape......Page 272
The bazaar of IT opportunities......Page 274
Summing it up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard......Page 277
Mashing up the architecture continuum......Page 278
The change management microblog......Page 283
Summing it up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard......Page 290
The bottom line: Inviting to explore......Page 291
A summary......Page 292
Interpreting the organizational attitude toward change......Page 296
The elephant and rider metaphor......Page 298
Motivate the elephant......Page 299
Lower the bar: Create an entry level......Page 300
Direct the rider......Page 301
Set a collaborative EA vision......Page 302
Shape the path......Page 303
Build alliances......Page 305
Looking ahead......Page 306
Appendix: The Bank4Us staff......Page 308
References......Page 310
Index......Page 316