Cold War Holidays: American Tourism in France

Contents......Page 8
Illustrations......Page 10
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Abbreviations......Page 14
Introduction: Consumerism, The Cold War, and Globalization......Page 18
Notes......Page 230
1. Rationed Pleasure: Leisure Before and After the War......Page 30
Prewar Patterns......Page 32
GIs and an ‘‘Internationalism of the People’’......Page 35
Hosting Tourists in a Time of "Suffering and Sorrows"......Page 40
Travel Discourse and Americans’ Cold War Commitment to France......Page 45
Conclusion......Page 49
Notes......Page 233
2. Fellow Travelers: The Rise of Tourism in U.S. Foreign Policy......Page 50
The Industry Emerges from the War......Page 51
Washington Turns to Travel Promotion......Page 59
Building a Nation of Travelers......Page 63
Conclusion......Page 70
Notes......Page 237
3. Radiance or Colonization?: French Divisions Over American Tourism......Page 72
Serving the Cause of Tourism......Page 73
Alternative Agendas......Page 82
The Marshall Plan’s Defense of the American Tourist......Page 91
Conclusion......Page 97
Notes......Page 242
4. Making France Safe for Middle-Class Americans: The Marshall Plan and the French Hotel Industry......Page 98
From Diplomats into Hotel Critics......Page 99
A Mixed Reception......Page 106
Conclusion......Page 115
Notes......Page 248
5. Pleasure with a Purpose: The Struggle to Create an Atlantic Community......Page 117
Escape from the Cold War and the Search for Difference......Page 120
Difference and the Atlantic Community......Page 124
The Push for Sober Travel......Page 129
Conclusion......Page 140
Notes......Page 253
6. The Ugly American: The Travel Boom and the Debate over Mass Culture......Page 142
The Travel Boom......Page 145
Tourists and the Battle for World Opinion......Page 154
Reconciling Populism and Realism......Page 161
Conclusion......Page 166
Notes......Page 258
7. The Rude French: Modernity and Hospitality in De Gaulle's France......Page 167
Tourism and the Gaullist Pursuit of Grandeur......Page 170
Constructing French Rudeness......Page 176
Reshaping France’s Travel Industry......Page 186
American Responses: Francophiles and Francophobes......Page 194
Conclusion......Page 197
Notes......Page 263
8. The Dollar Challenge: The Persistence of Consumerism in the 1960s......Page 199
The White House Turns against Overseas Travel......Page 201
In Defense of Consumerism......Page 208
Tourists Pay in the End......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 218
Notes......Page 272
Conclusion: Nations and Global History......Page 220
Notes......Page 276
Abbreviations Used in the Notes......Page 228
Selected Bibliography......Page 278
A-B......Page 294
C......Page 295
D-F......Page 296
G-H......Page 297
I-M......Page 298
N......Page 299
O-R......Page 300
S-T......Page 301
U-V......Page 302
W-Z......Page 303