Cold Fusion: Advances in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science

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Cold Fusion:
Advances in Condensed Matter
Nuclear Science
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Part 1: Electrochemistry
1
Production of helium in cold fusion experiments
	Introduction
	First set of heat and helium measurements (1990)
	Analysis of the first set of helium measurements
	Experimental measurement of He-4 diffusion into glass flasks
	Second set of helium measurements (1991-92)
	Analysis of the third set of helium measurements (1993-94)
	Discussion of China Lake heat and He-4 results
	Related research by other laboratories
	The CalTech and MIT He-4 experiments in 1989
	Acknowledgments
	References
2
Review of Pd/D co-deposition
	Introduction
	Heat
	Tritium
	Energetic particles
	γ-/X-Ray emissions
	Transmutation
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
3
Electrochemical loading to produce the Fleischmann-Pons heat effect (FPHE)
	Introduction
	Variability
		Electrochemistry
		Surface structure
		Bulk metallurgy
	Progress
	High reproducibility excess heat at SRI
	Conclusions
	References
4
Fundamentals of isoperibolic calorimetric for cold fusion experiments
	Introduction: Choosing an isoperibolic calorimeter
	Isoperibolic calorimetric equations and possible simplifications
	Applications to cold fusion experiments
	More about the lower bound heat transfer coefficient
	The neglected PG and PW terms
	The straight-line method
	Radiative heat transfer coefficient
	Cell cooling experiments
	Additional calorimetric topics
	Calorimetric results from CalTech, MIT, and Harwell
	Appendix
	Acknowledgments
	References
5
Can clean and stable deuterium loading and well-tailored microstructure improve reproducibility?
	Introduction
	Morphology of deuterated thick Pd rod during long-term electrolysis in 0.1M LiOD
		Experimental
		Electrolyte and experimental cell
		Electrode and electric leads
		The working-electrode and counter-electrode configuration
		Microstructure characterization using scanning electron microscope (SEM)
	Results and discussion
		Microstructure of thick Pd rod and dilation under long-term electrolysis-Exp. 1
		Microstructure of thick Pd rod under long-term electrolysis-Exp. 2
			SEM views of the electrode surface
			SEM views of the electrode interior
		Nuclear reaction cycle model
	Microstructural change of a Pd rod during repeated cathodic and anodic electrolysis in glycerin-phosphoric acid: First abso ...
		Experimental
	Results and discussion
		Microstructure of the α+β phase coexistence region characterized from in situ small punch test and the knowledge of hydroge ...
		Coincidence of two hydrogen states with the characteristic hydrogen states: Defects induced by the interaction of hydrogen  ...
		Two types of H electrode characterized above Vmin
	Summary and suggestion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Part 2: Gas Phase
6
Gas phase
	Introduction
	Diffusion of deuterium through palladium
		Fralick
		Biberian
		Li
		Iwamura
		Piantelli
		Brillouin
	Loading of hydrogen and deuterium in nanoparticles
		Aratas double cathode
		NEDO
		Leslie case catalyst
		Mizuno
	Conclusion
	References
7
Electrically induced anomalous thermal phenomena in nanostructured wires
	Historical background
	Gas-phase experiments
	Experiments with nickel alloys
	Introducing iron
	Observation of thermionic-like behavior
	Effect of gas mixtures
	Recent improvements in reactor design and AHE control
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
8
Experimental procedures for excess heat generation from cold fusion reactions
	Air-flow calorimetry
		Introduction
		Insulated box
		Blower
		Measurement and data acquisition
		Relationship between blower input and airflow velocity
		Relationship between blower input and air outlet temperature
	Method 1: Plasma deposition
		Introduction
		Reactor
		Reactants
		Activation
		Plasma deposition process
		Plasma discharge description
		Excess heat generation
		Details of excess heat generation tests with various gas pressure, input power, and output/input ratios
		Control of reactor temperature and variation of the output/input ratio
		Control of gas pressure
		Change in temperature settings of reactor and internal heater
		Input time indication of output/input ratio change
		Excess heat example
	Method 2: Direct deposition
		Introduction
		Material
		Results
		Temperature dependence for excesses heat generation
	Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
9
Heat generation experiments using nano-sized metal composite and hydrogen gas
	Introduction
	Experiment
	Results and discussion
	Concluding remarks
	Acknowledgment
	References
10
Screening energy for low energy nuclear reactions in condensed matter
	Introduction
	Screening energy and nuclear reaction cross section
	Experimental procedure
	Screening energy for d+d reaction in metals
	Screening energy for Li+d reaction in solid and liquid metal Li
	Temperature dependence of Us in liquid Li
	CCM of d+d reaction induced by molecular beam
	Summary
	References
Part 3: Transmutations
11
Review of permeation-induced nuclear transmutation reactions
	Introduction
	Experimental method and results
	Discussion
	Concluding remarks
	Acknowledgment
	References
12
Effective LENR and transmutation of stable and radioactive isotopes in growing biological systems
	Introduction
	Biophysical aspects of transmutation process
	Experiments on fusion and transmutation of stable isotopes in microbiological systems
		Nuclear reactions with participation of light and middle mass isotopes in pure microbiological cultures
		Transmutation of stable isotopes in microbe syntrophin associations
	Experiments on transmutation of radioactive isotopes and reactor waste in microbiological systems
		Experiments on utilization of the reactor Ba140 isotope by anaerobic syntrophic association
		Experiments on accelerated deactivation and transmutation of long-lived reactor Cs137 isotope in growing anaerobic microbe ...
		LENR experiments with radioactive Cs137 isotope and aerobic microbe syntrophic association
	Physical foundation of biological transmutation
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
13
Transmutations and isotopic shifts in LENR experiments
	Introduction and background
	General remarks on experimental methodology
	Patterson power cell and transmutation product measurements by Miley et al.
	Lugano report and Parkhomov replications
	Iwamuras deuterium gas permeation experiments
	Glow discharge studies
	Edward Eskos ``cool fusion´´
	Carbon Arc experiments
	Nano-dust fusion transmutation
	Transmutation on an industrial scale
	Biological transmutations
	Alchemy: Myth or science?
		Alchemical synthesis of silver from silicon (Peter Grandics)
		Alchemical experiments at Texas A&M University
		Activity patterns noted in European alchemical accounts
		Indian alchemical texts
	Concluding remarks
	References
Part 4: Models and Theories
14
The basic nature of the cold fusion effect
	Introduction
	My involvement
		Experimental studies
	The nature of fusion
		Hot fusion
		Cold fusion
	Model of the LENR process
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
15
Models based on phonon-nuclear coupling
	Introduction
	Phonon-nuclear coupling
	Finite basis Hamiltonians
	Phonon-mediated nuclear excitation transfer
	Applications for phonon-mediated nuclear excitation transfer
	Up-conversion and down-conversion
	Applications for up-conversion and down-conversion
	Subdivision and down-conversion
	Other nuclear effects
	Active sites
	Conclusion
	References
16
A study on electron deep orbits by quantum relativistic methods
	Introduction
		Interest of the electron deep orbits (EDOs) for the low-energy-nuclear reaction (LENR)
		Starting point of our study
		Arguments against the EDO states and possible solutions
	The works of Maly and Vavra on ``DDLs´´
		The anomalous solutions of the Dirac equation
		The deep orbits, as solutions of the Dirac equation with a corrected potential for a nucleus of finite size
			Ansatz used for finding the ``inside´´ solutions and continuity conditions
			The question of orthogonality of the solutions, and the boundary conditions
		Results obtained by computations of the DDL wave functions for modified potentials, further developments, and discussion
			Computation process for orbital mean radii
			Results obtained from parameters near those of Maly and Vavra
			Varying the parameters
		Some criticisms of the considered method of corrected potential, and attempts to correct discrepancies
			The lack of dependence of the inside solutions on the nuclear charge potential, and the coherence of the values of energies
			The discontinuity of the derivative of solutions
			Question of the sign of the EDOs solutions
	Involvement of special relativity in the EDOs
		Comparing the relativistic and the nonrelativistic versions of the Schrödinger equation
		Meaning of the term α2 appearing in the equation
	Study of the magnetic interactions near the nucleus
		Summary of the magnetic interactions near the nucleus
			Interactions involving only the electron spin
			Magnetic interactions involving the nuclear spin
			Diamagnetic terms
		The Vigier-Barut model
			Works of Barut, as a source of the V-B model
			Vigier-Barut model, and related works
	Relativistic confinements and the question of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation (HUR)
		Computation of the coefficient γ
		The effective potential Veff is strong enough to confine electrons in deep orbits
	Question about the stability of the EDOs
		Potential energy terms for expecting a resonance. Seeking local energy minimum
		Local energy minimum, with a relative weakening of near-nuclear interactions
	Conclusions, question, and perspectives
	Acknowledgment
	References
17
Universal mechanism of LENR in physical and biological systems on the base of coherent correlated states of interacting pa ...
	Introduction
	Formalism and general regularities of CCS in LENR applications
		Generation of ``giant´´ energy fluctuations and increase of barrier transparency
		Anomalous features and the mechanism of LENR ``natural selection´´ based on CCS
	Methods of CCS formation in realistic physical, biological, and geological systems
		Formation of CCS for periodical modulation of harmonic oscillator parameters
			Experiments on LENR stimulation at resonant action on the active medium
		Features of CCS formation at a continuous change of parabolic potential well parameters
			CCS formation at limited increase of parabolic potential well width
			CCS formation at limited decrease of a width of parabolic potential well
		Formation of CCS at pulse modulation of potential well parameters
		The influence of damping and random force on CCS formation
	Conclusions
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	V
	W
	X
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