Cognitive, Clinical, and Neural Aspects of Drug Addiction

Cover
Cognitive, Clinical, and
Neural Aspects of Drug
Addiction
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgement
Part I: Cognitive and learning aspects of drug addiction
1
Executive functioning and substance use disorders
	The concept of executive functioning
	Substance use disorders and executive dysfunction
		The role of dopamine in executive dysfunction in SUD
	Action selection, feedback processing and updating
	SUD, a biopsychosocial executive functioning disorder
	References
	Further reading
2
Impulsive behavior in drug addiction: Clinical, cognitive, and neural correlates
	Introduction
	Behavioral definition of impulsivity
	Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity
	Impulsivity as a clinical problem
	Impulsivity in the nonclinical population
	Impulsivity and cognitive distortions
	References
3
The multifaceted nature of risk-taking in drug addiction
	Introduction
	Risk-taking
	Dual-systems theory of decision-making
	Risk-taking in drug addiction and healthy populations
		Risk-taking and feedback and environmental contingency processing
			Healthy populations
			Drug-dependent populations
		Domain-specific risk-taking
			Healthy populations
			Drug-dependent populations
		Decision-making biases and risk-taking
			Intolerance of uncertainty in healthy populations
			Intolerance of uncertainty in drug-dependent populations
	Future studies on risk-taking in drug dependence
	References
4
Delay, probability, and effort discounting in drug addiction
	Introduction
	Delay discounting
		Substance abuse
	Probability discounting
		Nicotine
		Alcohol
		Illicit drugs
	Effort discounting
		Impulsivity
		Substance abuse
	Future directions
	Conclusion
	References
5
It’s all about context: The environment and substance use
	Introduction
	Environmental stimuli can trigger drug seeking
		Discrete stimuli can directly trigger drug seeking
	Relevance of habit formation to addiction
	Discrete stimuli can indirectly trigger drug seeking
	Psychological processes in stimulus elicited drug seeking
	Relevance of the PIT model to addiction
	Drug and context associations
		Contexts can trigger drug craving
		Context can acquire drug-like motivational properties
		The psychological processes of conditioned place preference
		Reinstatement effects in the conditioned place preference paradigm
		Relevance of conditioned place preference to the study of addiction
			Limitations of CPP paradigm
	Context can trigger an increase in drug use behavior
		Psychological processes in context reinstatement
		Relevance of context reinstatement to drug addiction
	Summary and conclusion
	References
6
Avoidance learning and behavior in patients with addiction
	Introduction
	Avoidance of physical withdrawal
	Avoidance of negative affect
	Experiential avoidance
	Avoidance coping and addiction vulnerability
	Treatment implications
	Overgeneral memory as a type of cognitive avoidance
	Avoidance and reward sensitivity
	Avoidance in the laboratory
		Animal research on avoidance
		Computer-based tasks
		Limitations and future directions
	Summary and conclusions
	References
7
Theories of compulsive drug use: A brief overview of learning and motivation processes
	Introduction
	An introduction to associative learning and underlying neural circuitry
	Prediction error theory of compulsive drug use
	Incentive-sensitization theory of compulsive drug use
	Goal directed and habitual control
	Pavlovian-instrumental-transfer
	Sensitivity to reward and punishment and its association with cognitive control and mood
	Conclusion
	References
8
Episodic future thinking in drug addiction
	Introduction
	Types of future thinking tasks used in the literature
	Episodic foresight in alcohol dependent populations
	Addiction
	Alcohol addiction
	Episodic future thinking in opiate dependent populations
	Opiate addiction
	Episodic foresight in alcohol dependent populations
	Intolerance to uncertainty scale (IUS) and purpose in life in alcohol and opiate populations
	Discussion
	Limitations and future studies
	References
	Further reading
9
Intolerance of uncertainty and addiction
	Introduction
	Intolerance of uncertainty in addiction
	IU and impulsivity in addiction
	Intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety
	IU and contextual cues in addiction
	IU and working memory in addiction
	Summary and future research
	References
	Further Reading
10
Social cognition impairment in different types of drug addictions
	Introduction
	Emotional facial expression (EFE) and substance abuse
	Theory of mind (ToM) abilities in individuals with SUD
	Prosody and SUD
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Part II: Clinical and treatment aspects of drug addiction
11
Causes and clinical characteristics of drug abuse
	Introduction
		Drug addiction
		Potential causes of drug abuse
	Methods
		Subjects
		Method
	Results
	Discussion
		Gender ratio in drug addiction
		Peer pressure in drug addiction
		Psychiatric symptoms associated with drug addiction
	References
12
Accessing addiction recovery capital via online and offline channels: The role of peer-support and shared experiences of a ...
	Introduction
	Recovery support through belonging to offline pro-recovery groups
	Online channels of addiction recovery support
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
13
The benefits and limitations of methadone: A comparison to other opioid replacement treatments
	Introduction
	Opiate addiction
	The methadone intervention
	The benefits of methadone
	The limitations of methadone
	Alternative treatments for drug addiction
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
14
Motivational interviewing for the treatment of addiction
	Introduction
	Group treatment of substance abuse
	The motivational enhancement therapy (MET)
	Five principles of motivational interviewing
	Practical stages for conducting MET
		Phase one: Building motivation for change
			Labeling trap
			Premature focus trap
			Blaming trap
			Feedback
			Responsibility
			Advice
			Menu of options for change
			Empathy
			Supporting self-efficacy
		Phase two: Strengthening commitment to change
			Asking key questions
			Discussing a plan
			Communicating free choice
			Consequences of action and inaction
			Information and advice
			Rolling with resistance
			The change plan worksheet
			Asking for commitment
		Phase three: Follow-through strategies
			Reviewing progress
		Stages of change
		Precontemplation stage
		Contemplation stage
		Preparation stage
		Action stage
		Maintenance stage
	The group counseling format
		Suggested format for motivational groups
		Group motivational enhancement therapy
		Providing structure for group MET
	Conflict and confrontation
	MET group curriculum
	Treatment as usual versus MET
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	V
	W
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