Coastal Ocean Space Utilization III

Book Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Table of Contents......Page 4
Editor’s Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Introduction......Page 10
Opening Address......Page 19
Opening Address......Page 21
Keynote Address......Page 22
Regional Seas and Embayments......Page 32
INTRODUCTION......Page 33
“ENVIRONMENT PROJECT”—GUIDELINES FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING......Page 34
Census of Bodies of Water in Liguria......Page 35
Census of Sea Pipelines......Page 36
Collection and Processing of Images from Aerial Platforms......Page 37
Continuous Monitoring......Page 38
Study Concerning Identification of Polluted Areas Along the Ligurian Coast through the Use of Bio-Indicators (Mollusk)......Page 39
Regional Participation in the “Integrated Management of the Gulf of Paradise Ecosystem”......Page 40
Monitoring of the Water to Understand the Marine Ecosystems......Page 41
Participation of the Regional Council to a Probe-Equipped Buoy Trial......Page 42
Other Initiatives......Page 43
COASTAL REQUALIFICATION INTEGRATED PROJECTS: A TEST-BENCH INTERVENTION INSTRUMENT......Page 44
CONCLUSION......Page 45
NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BALTIC SEA......Page 46
EUTROPHICATION......Page 47
TOURISM......Page 48
LITERATURE......Page 49
BACKGROUND......Page 51
Waste Water Reuse......Page 52
SOCIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS......Page 53
STEERING COMMITTEE......Page 54
MANAGEMENT ISSUES......Page 55
PROSPECTS FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION......Page 56
THE FUTURE......Page 57
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND THE OCEANS......Page 58
LAND-BASED MARINE POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY......Page 59
COMPARATIVE CASES: GULF OF MEXICO AND BLACK SEA......Page 60
Impacts of Nutrient Enrichment......Page 61
Industrial and Municipal Sources......Page 62
Legislation and Regulation......Page 63
THE BLACK SEA......Page 65
Legislation and Regulation......Page 67
CONCLUSIONS......Page 68
REFERENCES......Page 69
INTRODUCTION......Page 70
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION......Page 71
SOCIAL AND COMMERCIAL ASPECTS......Page 72
BRIDGE ACROSS THE RIO DE LA PLATA......Page 73
WATER POLLUTION......Page 74
OPERATIONS RESEARCH ANALYSES......Page 75
Advantages of an Integrated Complex......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 77
INTRODUCTION......Page 79
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GULF......Page 80
Urbanization, Tourism, and Shipping......Page 81
Industrial Inputs to Coastal Waters......Page 82
EXECUTION OF BASELINE STUDIES......Page 84
MASS BALANCE OF POLLUTANTS......Page 85
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS......Page 86
REFERENCES......Page 87
NATURAL CAPITAL OF THE REGION......Page 88
ECONOMICAL RELEVANCE OF MARINE RESOURCES......Page 89
OCCUPATION OF THE COASTAL ZONE......Page 90
Mexico......Page 91
Honduras......Page 92
Bahamas......Page 93
Saint Lucia......Page 94
Trinidad and Tobago......Page 95
SOUTH AMERICA......Page 96
OAS ACTIVITIES IN SUPPORT OF COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN.......Page 98
Preservation of the Coastal Zone......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 100
New Concepts in the Governance of Ocean Space......Page 102
INTRODUCTION......Page 103
THE PROJECTS AIMED AT DEFENDING VENICE AND OTHER LAGOON SETTLEMENTS AGAINST THE RISKS OF FLOODING......Page 104
THE MOBILE BARRIERS AT THE LAGOON INLETS......Page 105
LOCAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE HIGH TIDES......Page 106
THE PROJECTS AIMED AT REVERTING THE TRENDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION......Page 107
THE WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY CONTROL PROJECT......Page 108
REFERENCES......Page 109
CASE STUDY: SHORE PRESERVATION AND THE JERSEY SHORE PARTNERSHIP......Page 111
The Ante......Page 112
The Raise......Page 113
THE FUTURE......Page 114
The Consequences of Storms......Page 115
REFERENCES......Page 116
AN OVERALL LAW: “PROVISIONS FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE SEA”......Page 117
THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT: A NEW ACTOR IN THE SAFEGUARDING AND PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND THE COASTS......Page 118
A SHORT CONCLUSION......Page 119
THE MESSAGE FROM UNCED......Page 120
THE COASTAL USE FRAMEWORK......Page 121
THE COASTAL USE-USE RELATIONSHIPS MODEL......Page 122
THE DIFFERENTIATION-COORDINATION REFERENT......Page 124
THE SEA USE-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS MODEL......Page 125
CONCLUSION......Page 126
Appendix 1  The Coastal Use Framework: General Considerations......Page 127
Appendix 2  The Coastal Uses Framework: Category 1—Seaports......Page 128
Appendix 3  The Coastal Use Framework: Other Categories (abbreviated version)......Page 129
INTRODUCTION......Page 131
PROPOSED ONE-LINE MODEL......Page 132
Definition of Time and Space Steps and of Wave Conditions......Page 134
PRACTICAL MODEL APPLICATION......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 138
The Coastal Areas and Their Ecological Value......Page 141
Zones Where Ecological and Economic Interests Overlap......Page 142
Application of the ECO2 Concept to Europe and the Mediterranean Sea......Page 143
The Selected Scenario......Page 144
Interdisciplinary Cooperation......Page 145
An Integrated Surveillance and Control System......Page 146
ARCOBLEU: FUTURE PROSPECTS......Page 148
MINERA ESCONDIDA......Page 149
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 150
Use of the Area......Page 153
Situation of Caleta Coloso Before the Installation of Minera Escondida (1990)......Page 154
Environmental Impact Study at Coloso......Page 155
Follow-Up and Monitoring......Page 157
Green Areas Project......Page 158
CURRENT SITUATION OF THE COASTAL AREA AND ITS USES......Page 159
REFERENCES......Page 161
The Coastal Environment: Assessment Standards and Issues......Page 162
THE PROBLEM......Page 163
THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF COASTAL POPULATION GROWTH......Page 164
COASTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY......Page 165
INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT: THE MEANS......Page 166
UNDERSTANDING INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT......Page 167
IMPLEMENTING THE FRAMEWORK: THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY MANAGEMENT PLAN......Page 168
INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO IMPLEMENT INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT......Page 170
REFERENCES......Page 171
MARINE TRANSPORTATION OIL SPILLS......Page 172
Marine Traffic Control Systems......Page 174
Offshore Loading Terminals for Supertankers......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 176
INTRODUCTION......Page 177
Rationale of the Approach......Page 178
ORGANIZATION OF THE CRUISES......Page 179
Hydrodynamics......Page 180
Suspended solids......Page 181
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS......Page 182
REFERENCES......Page 184
INTRODUCTION......Page 187
Human System......Page 188
Food Production......Page 189
Sea Level Rise......Page 190
MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS......Page 191
REFERENCES......Page 192
INTRODUCTION......Page 194
MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 195
Zooplankton Biomass and Composition......Page 196
Elemental Composition of Zooplankton......Page 199
DISCUSSION......Page 200
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 203
REFERENCES......Page 204
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND......Page 205
OCEAN MINING......Page 206
THE EXPANDING LEISURE TIME MARKET......Page 207
RECREATION AND THE CROWDED COASTAL ZONE......Page 208
MARINAS: PATHS TO THE SEA......Page 209
CRUISE SHIPS: FAST GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION......Page 210
TOURIST SUBMARINES: A NEW WAY TO GO UNDER THE SEA......Page 211
EXAMPLE OF TOO MUCH: MARINE RECREATION IN THE CARIBBEAN......Page 212
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR MARINE RECREATION......Page 213
BACKGROUND......Page 214
What is ICM?......Page 216
Applications of ICM......Page 217
REFERENCES......Page 220
Research Laboratories......Page 221
Other Research Programs......Page 222
Microbiology Network (REMI)......Page 223
Specific studies......Page 224
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY......Page 225
CONCLUSION......Page 226
ABSTRACT......Page 227
ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY......Page 228
METHOD VALIDATION......Page 229
Monitoring Fish Harvesting Areas......Page 230
Screen Fish in the Marketplace/Commercial Channels......Page 231
REFERENCES......Page 232
REFERENCES......Page 233
INTRODUCTION......Page 236
APPLICATION OF THE LME CONCEPT TO OCEAN MANAGEMENT......Page 241
REFERENCES......Page 242
INTRODUCTION......Page 244
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 245
REFERENCES......Page 246
INTRODUCTION......Page 248
The Bay of Concepción......Page 249
The San Vicente Bay......Page 250
LAND USE AND TENURE IN THE BAYS......Page 251
Governmental Administration......Page 252
CONCLUSION......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
INTRODUCTION......Page 256
Power Plant of Piombino (Central Tuscany)......Page 257
Power Plants of Civitavecchia (Northern Latium)......Page 258
Plankton......Page 259
Benthic Community......Page 260
Posidonia Oceanica and Epiphyte Community......Page 261
Water Quality......Page 262
Planktonic Population......Page 263
Power Plant of La Spezia (Eastern Ligury)......Page 264
Water Quality......Page 265
CONCLUSIONS......Page 266
REFERENCES......Page 268
THE PROBLEM: POLLUTION OF THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA......Page 269
PROJECT FUNDING......Page 270
Overview of the Project......Page 271
Hydraulic and Pollution Modeling of Marine Water......Page 272
Aims......Page 273
Approach and Results......Page 274
REFERENCES......Page 279
OBSERVATIONS ON LAND UTILIZATION......Page 280
CONCLUSION......Page 282
REFERENCES......Page 283
INTRODUCTION......Page 284
Coastal Functions and Impact Categories......Page 285
METHODOLOGIES FOR VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT......Page 286
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT......Page 287
Models......Page 288
A GLOBAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR THE COASTAL ZONE......Page 289
The Atmosphere......Page 290
The Lithosphere......Page 291
Coastal Landforms......Page 292
Response of the Coastal System......Page 293
Tertiary Impacts—Morphodynamic Response......Page 295
REFERENCES......Page 296
Ocean Resources and Sustainable Development......Page 298
INTRODUCTION......Page 299
MARINE CURRENTS......Page 300
Local Socioeconomic Context......Page 301
EXPLOITATION TECHNOLOGIES......Page 302
Overall system......Page 303
Turbine......Page 304
Underwater Cable and Land Facilities......Page 305
Costs Estimating......Page 306
Economics and Benefits......Page 307
CONCLUSION......Page 308
REFERENCES......Page 309
INTRODUCTION......Page 310
HISTORY OF U.S. OCEAN INDUSTRIES......Page 311
The Environment and Living Marine Resources......Page 312
Seabed Minerals......Page 313
Marine Recreation......Page 314
Waste Management......Page 315
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION......Page 316
A Call for a National Program......Page 317
REFERENCES......Page 319
THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 320
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES......Page 321
MANAGING THE PROGRAM......Page 322
A Study of the Application of Low Cost Heat Exchanger Technology to OTEC......Page 323
THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION......Page 324
AN EARLY ASSESSMENT OF THE PROGRAM......Page 325
INTRODUCTION......Page 326
Coastal Fisheries......Page 327
The West Coast Development Policy......Page 328
The Pusan Artificial Island Construction Plan......Page 329
Tidal Power......Page 330
Nuclear Power Plants......Page 331
GOVERNANCE FOR COASTAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT......Page 332
CONCLUSION......Page 335
REFERENCES......Page 336
INTRODUCTION......Page 337
THE PRODUCTION FACILITY FOR ONE-YEAR OLD LOBSTER JUVENILES......Page 338
SELECTING PROPER PLACES FOR RELEASE OF JUVENILE LOBSTERS......Page 339
TECHNICAL SYSTEM FOR HARVESTING MARKET SIZE LOBSTERS......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 341
DUNALIELLA AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT......Page 342
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF DUNALIELLA......Page 343
REFERENCES......Page 344
GENETIC MANIPULATION OF MARINE ORGANISMS......Page 345
Bioactive Compounds From Marine Invertebrates......Page 346
Bioactive Compounds From Marine Bacteria......Page 347
Enzymes......Page 348
Biofilms and Bioadhesion in the Marine Environment......Page 349
BIOREMEDIATION......Page 350
REFERENCES......Page 352
Red Coral Rearing......Page 357
Date Mussel Rearing......Page 358
Date Mussel Rearing......Page 359
CONCLUSIONS......Page 360
REFERENCES......Page 362
INTRODUCTION......Page 364
THE ZUYDER ZEE PROJECT......Page 365
THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH HOLLAND......Page 366
COASTAL EXTENSION PLANS......Page 367
TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED COASTAL POLICY FOR SOUTH-HOLLAND......Page 369
Physical Planning......Page 370
Hook of Holland (Municipality of Rotterdam)......Page 371
Physical Construction......Page 372
PLAN 2......Page 373
Physical Planning......Page 374
CONCLUSION......Page 375
WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS V. OCEAN DUMPTING BANS IN COASTAL/URBAN AREAS......Page 379
A SOLUTION: ENTOMB AND UTILIZE WASTE IN AN OFFSHORE, MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT......Page 382
Japanese Waste Disposal Islands......Page 383
Past Resistance to Waste Island Proposals......Page 384
Research Topics Generated by this Concept......Page 385
Revenues and Value-Generated Estimates......Page 386
SUMMARY......Page 387
REFERENCES......Page 388
DEFINITION OF COASTAL ZONE......Page 389
Seabed Resources......Page 390
UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH IN NEARSHORE RESOURCES AND PROCESSES. WHAT IS BEING DONE? WHAT HAS BEEN DONE? WHAT WILL BE DONE?......Page 391
Erosion of Cliffs......Page 392
Sea Defenses and Conservation......Page 393
Geotechnical Properties of Intertidal Mud Deposits......Page 394
Conservation......Page 395
CASE STUDIES FROM THE ADRIATIC COAST OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL ITALY. PROBLEMS, PRESENT-DAY SOLUTIONS, AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS......Page 396
The Venice Lagoon and the “Lidi Veneziani” Barrier Island System......Page 397
A Lack of Information: Nearshore Resources......Page 398
CONCLUSIONS......Page 400
REFERENCES......Page 401
INTRODUCTION......Page 402
Demands on the Mooring System......Page 403
DIFFERENT OFFSHORE FISH FARMING CONCEPTS......Page 404
Description of the Farmocean “Offshore Fish Farming System” as an Example of an Integrated Stiff Semi-Submersible One-Net Bag Construction......Page 405
Inspection, Handling, and Slaughter......Page 406
Net Change......Page 407
CONCLUSION......Page 408
REFERENCES......Page 409
Ocean Space Development and Related Technologies......Page 410
HISTORY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY......Page 411
THE EFFECTS OF MAN......Page 412
ACTION REQUIRED......Page 413
Outline of Study......Page 414
Structure of Floating Airport......Page 415
Outline of Study......Page 416
Investigation of Responses of the Platform in Waves......Page 417
Hydrodynamic Forces......Page 418
Outline of At-Sea Experiment......Page 419
Measuring Items and Devices......Page 420
Wind Spectrum......Page 421
Motion Response in Directional Waves......Page 422
Tension of Mooring Line......Page 423
Deformation and Stress Due to Solar Radiation......Page 424
FUTURE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES......Page 425
Construction of Pulsation Wind Tunnel with Water Channel......Page 426
REFERENCES......Page 427
HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS IN JAPAN......Page 428
NEW CONCEPT OF PORT IN JAPAN......Page 429
SUBJECTS ON WHICH FURTHER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS ARE REQUIRED......Page 430
ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ENTITIES......Page 432
CHANGES IN UTILIZATION OF COASTAL AND OCEAN SPACE......Page 434
Special System-Related Impact Factors......Page 435
TREND OF TERTIARY (1985 AND BEYOND) COASTAL AND OCEAN SPACE UTILIZATION PROJECTS......Page 436
Livelihood and Environment Improvement-Type Projects: Based on Recreation and Environmental Conservation......Page 440
OUTLOOK OF COASTAL AND OCEAN SPACE UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 441
CONCLUSION......Page 442
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 443
INTRODUCTION......Page 444
Physical......Page 445
Environment......Page 446
EXPERIENCES OF OTHER PORTS......Page 447
Boston......Page 448
Baltimore......Page 449
Seattle......Page 450
REFERENCES......Page 451
PREFACE......Page 452
THE FORMATION OF ARTIFICIAL ISLAND......Page 453
Keelung New Port—Reclamation Plan......Page 454
The Planning of Tamsui Deep-Water Harbor......Page 455
The Developing of Yuenlin Chaiyi Tainan Coasts Area and the Planning of an Artificial Island for a Base of Industries......Page 456
Southern International Airport......Page 457
INTEGRATED PLANNING OF ARTIFICIAL ISLAND......Page 458
INTRODUCTION......Page 466
THE SUBJECT OF THE IMPACT STUDY AND THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS......Page 467
The Environmental Reference Framework......Page 470
Natural Environment......Page 471
REFERENCES......Page 472
INTRODUCTION......Page 473
PLANNING THE RESTORATION OF SEAGRASSES IN THE LAGOON OF VENICE......Page 474
REFERENCES......Page 475
PHYSICAL PROCESSES RESPONSIBLE FOR HIGH HYDRODYNAMISM IN UNDERWATER ENVIRONMENTS......Page 477
Slope Failure......Page 478
Bed form Aggradation and Migration......Page 480
PIPELINE SURVEY AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION......Page 481
STABILITY AND PROTECTION OF PIPELINES......Page 483
Gravel Dumping......Page 484
Bitumen Mattresses......Page 485
Anchoring System......Page 486
Artificial Seaweed Mats......Page 487
Contributing Authors......Page 491