Clinical Psychology

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 9
PREFACE......Page 25
PART I: Foundations of Clinical Psychology......Page 31
1 Clinical Psychology: An Introduction......Page 33
What Is Clinical Psychology?......Page 34
Closely Related Mental Health Professions......Page 35
BOX 1.1 Professional Issues: But Is It the Right Prescription for Clinical Psychology?......Page 36
The Clinical Psychologist......Page 42
Training: Toward a Clinical Identity......Page 51
A Profession in Movement......Page 55
BOX 1.2 A Graduate Student Perspective: Julia Martinez......Page 56
A Tolerance for Ambiguity and a Thirst for New Knowledge......Page 58
KEY TERMS......Page 59
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 61
2 Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology......Page 62
Historical Roots......Page 63
Diagnosis and Assessment......Page 64
Interventions......Page 69
Research......Page 75
The Profession......Page 79
KEY TERMS......Page 86
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 88
3 Current Issues in Clinical Psychology......Page 89
Models of Training in Clinical Psychology......Page 90
BOX 3.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Richard M. McFall, Ph.D.......Page 94
Professional Regulation......Page 97
BOX 3.2 Graduate Student Perspective: Christine Maldonado......Page 98
Private Practice......Page 101
The Costs of Health Care......Page 102
Prescription Privileges......Page 105
BOX 3.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Patrick H. DeLeon, Ph.D., J.D.......Page 106
BOX 3.4 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Elaine M. Heiby, Ph.D.......Page 109
Technological Innovations......Page 111
Culturally Sensitive Mental Health Services......Page 113
Ethical Standards......Page 116
BOX 3.5 Focus on Professional Issues Clinicians Who Participate in Radio Call-In Shows, TV Talk Shows, or Internet Groups: Are They Ethical?......Page 117
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 119
KEY TERMS......Page 120
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 121
4 Research Methods in Clinical Psychology......Page 123
Introduction to Research......Page 124
Methods......Page 125
BOX 4.1 Clinical Applications: What Case Studies Can Tell Us About Phobias and Early Trauma......Page 128
BOX 4.2 Clinical Applications: Generating Hypotheses from Therapy......Page 129
BOX 4.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Scott O. Lilienfeld, Ph.D.......Page 138
BOX 4.4 Clinical Applications: The Treatment of Mixed Anxiety and Depression......Page 146
Statistical Versus Practical Significance......Page 148
BOX 4.5 Graduate Student Perspective: Elizabeth A. Martin......Page 149
Research and Ethics......Page 150
BOX 4.6 Who Should Be Studied?......Page 151
BOX 4.7 Sample Consent Form......Page 152
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 153
KEY TERMS......Page 154
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 156
5 Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems......Page 158
The Case of Dmitri A.......Page 160
The Case of Juanita L.......Page 161
BOX 5.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Kenneth J. Sher, Ph.D.......Page 162
The Case of Kwame G.......Page 165
BOX 5.2 Focus on Professional Issues: Culture and Diagnosis......Page 166
The Case of Phyllis H.......Page 168
Mental Illness......Page 169
BOX 5.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Elaine Walker, Ph.D.......Page 170
DSM-IV-TR......Page 174
General Issues in Classification......Page 176
Causes of Abnormal Behavior and Mental Illness......Page 183
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 185
KEY TERMS......Page 186
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 187
PART II: Clinical Assessment......Page 189
6 The Assessment Interview......Page 191
Assessment in Clinical Psychology......Page 192
The Case of Billy G.......Page 193
The Interview......Page 195
BOX 6.1 Computer Interviewing: Are Clinicians Necessary?......Page 196
Varieties of Interviews......Page 203
BOX 6.2 Sample Intake Report......Page 205
BOX 6.3 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Thomas A. Widiger, Ph.D.......Page 208
Reliability and Validity of Interviews......Page 214
The Art and Science of Interviewing......Page 218
KEY TERMS......Page 219
7 The Assessment of Intelligence......Page 221
Intelligence Testing: Yesterday and Today......Page 222
The Concept of Intelligence......Page 224
BOX 7.1 The Bell Curve......Page 225
The IQ: Its Meaning and Its Correlates......Page 230
BOX 7.2 Behavioral Genetics......Page 232
BOX 7.3 The Concept of Heritability......Page 234
The Clinical Assessment of Intelligence......Page 235
A Brief Case Report: Intellectual Evaluation......Page 241
The Case of Harold......Page 243
KEY TERMS......Page 245
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 247
8 Personality Assessment......Page 248
Objective Tests......Page 249
BOX 8.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Ph.D.......Page 256
NEO-PI-R Case Illustration......Page 264
Projective Tests......Page 266
Rorschach Case Illustration 2......Page 269
TAT Case Illustration......Page 273
Incremental Validity and Utility......Page 276
The Use and Abuse of Testing......Page 277
BOX 8.2 Graduate Student Perspective: Danielle L. Burchett......Page 278
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 281
KEY TERMS......Page 282
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 283
9 Behavioral Assessment......Page 285
The Behavioral Tradition......Page 286
Behavioral Interviews......Page 289
BOX 9.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Stephen N. Haynes, Ph.D.......Page 290
Observation Methods......Page 292
Inventories and Checklists......Page 304
Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment......Page 305
BOX 9.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Karen D. Rudolph, Ph.D.......Page 306
Strengths and Weaknesses of Behavioral Assessment......Page 308
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 309
KEY TERMS......Page 310
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 311
10 Clinical Judgment......Page 313
Process and Accuracy......Page 314
BOX 10.1 Focus on Clinical Applications An Example of a “Barnum Effect”: Purported Characteristics of Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs)......Page 318
BOX 10.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Howard N. Garb, Ph.D.......Page 325
BOX 10.3 Focus on Professional Issues: How Do Psychiatrists Make Clinical Decisions?......Page 327
Improving Judgment and Interpretation......Page 328
Communication: The Clinical Report......Page 330
A Case Illustration of a Clinical Report......Page 333
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 336
KEY TERMS......Page 337
PART III: Clinical Interventions......Page 339
11 Psychological Interventions......Page 341
Intervention Defined......Page 342
Does Psychotherapy Help?......Page 343
Evidence-Based Treatment and Evidence-Based Practice......Page 344
Features Common to Many Therapies......Page 347
BOX 11.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Dianne L. Chambless, Ph.D.......Page 348
Nature of Specific Therapeutic Variables......Page 351
BOX 11.3 Focus on Professional Issues: Cultural Competence......Page 354
Course of Clinical Intervention......Page 359
BOX 11.4 Focus on Clinical Applications: Information Patients Have a Right to Know......Page 362
Psychotherapy Research......Page 363
BOX 11.5 Focus on Professional Issues: Eysenck’s Bombshell......Page 364
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 370
KEY TERMS......Page 371
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 372
12 Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective......Page 373
Psychoanalysis: The Beginnings......Page 374
BOX 12.1 Focus on Professional Issues: A Brief Biography of Sigmund Freud......Page 375
Techniques of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy......Page 380
BOX 12.2 Focus on Professional Issues: Freud’s Self-Analysis......Page 382
A Case Illustration of Resistance......Page 383
A Case Illustration of Interpretation......Page 385
Psychoanalytic Alternatives......Page 386
Summary Evaluation of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy......Page 388
BOX 12.4 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Kenneth N. Levy, Ph.D......Page 389
BOX 12.5 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Ali Khadivi, Ph.D.......Page 394
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 396
KEY TERMS......Page 397
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 399
13 Psychotherapy: Phenomenological and Humanistic-Existential Perspectives......Page 400
Client-Centered Therapy......Page 401
BOX 13.1 Focus on Professional Issues: A Brief Biography of Carl Rogers......Page 402
A Case Illustration of Client-Centered Therapy......Page 407
The Humanistic-Existential Movement......Page 411
BOX 13.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Leslie S. Greenberg, Ph.D.......Page 412
Summary Evaluation of Phenomenological and Humanistic-Existential Therapies......Page 418
BOX 13.3 Focus on Clinical Applications: Features of Emotion-Focused Therapy......Page 419
BOX 13.4 Graduate Student Perspective: Catalina Woldarsky Meneses, M. A.......Page 422
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 424
KEY TERMS......Page 425
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 426
14 Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives......Page 427
Origins of the Behavioral Approach......Page 428
Traditional Techniques of Behavior Therapy......Page 430
BOX 14.1 Psychologist Perspective: Judith S. Beck, Ph.D.......Page 432
BOX 14.2 Focus on Clinical Applications: Rationale for Exposure Therapy Presented to a Client with Panic Disorder......Page 437
BOX 14.3 Focus on Clinical Applications Behavior Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Exposure Plus Response Prevention......Page 438
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy......Page 442
BOX 14.4 Graduate Student Perspective: John Guerry, M.A.......Page 444
BOX 14.5 Focus on Clinical Applications: Common “Irrational” Ideas......Page 448
BOX 14.6 Focus on Clinical Applications: Features of Cognitive Therapy for Depression......Page 449
An Evaluation of Behavior Therapy......Page 450
BOX 14.7 Focus on Clinical Applications: Excerpts from Sessions of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)......Page 452
BOX 14.8 Psychologist Perspective: Rhonda Oswalt Reitz, Ph.D.......Page 454
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 457
KEY TERMS......Page 458
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 460
15 Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy......Page 461
Group Therapy......Page 462
A Case Illustration of Psychoanalytic Group Therapy......Page 464
BOX 15.1 Focus on Clinical Applications: Time-Effective Group Psychotherapy for Patients with Personality Disorders......Page 468
Family Therapy......Page 470
BOX 15.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Greta Francis, Ph.D., ABPP......Page 472
A Case Illustration of Conjoint Family Therapy......Page 475
BOX 15.3 Graduate Student Perspective: David Wagner, M.A.......Page 478
BOX 15.4 Focus on Clinical Applications: The Nine Steps of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT)......Page 481
KEY TERMS......Page 484
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 486
PART IV: Specialties in Clinical Psychology......Page 487
16 Community Psychology......Page 489
Perspectives and History......Page 490
Key Concepts......Page 494
BOX 16.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Kristin Hawley, Ph.D.......Page 498
BOX 16.3 Focus on Clinical Applications: The JOBS Program......Page 500
BOX 16.4 Focus on Clinical Applications: Primary Prevention Mental Health Programs for Children and Adolescents......Page 501
BOX 16.5 Graduate Student Perspective: Shawn C.T. Jones, M.H.S......Page 504
Methods of Intervention and Change......Page 506
Concluding Comments......Page 510
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 512
KEY TERMS......Page 513
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 514
17 Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine......Page 515
History and Perspectives......Page 516
BOX 17.1 Focus on Clinical Applications Stress and Everyday Life: What Are the Most Common Stressors for Undergraduate Students?......Page 521
Methods of Intervention......Page 524
BOX 17.2 Focus on Professional Issues The Role of Health Psychology: HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)......Page 525
Prevention of Health Problems......Page 529
BOX 17.3 Focus on Professional Issues: Ethnicity and Cancer Outcomes......Page 530
Other Applications......Page 532
Future Directions......Page 536
BOX 17.4 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Beth E. Meyerowitz, Ph.D.......Page 538
KEY TERMS......Page 540
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 542
18 Neuropsychology......Page 543
Perspectives and History......Page 544
BOX 18.1 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Brick Johnstone, Ph.D.......Page 546
The Brain: Structure, Function, and Impairment......Page 548
BOX 18.2 Focus on Clinical Applications Personality Changes Following Brain Injury: A Case Example......Page 552
Methods of Neuropsychological Assessment......Page 553
BOX 18.3 Focus on Clinical Applications: A Brief Neuropsychological Report Based on Halstead-Reitan and Other Information......Page 558
Intervention and Rehabilitation......Page 559
BOX 18.4 Graduate Student Perspective: Andrew Wegrzyn......Page 560
Concluding Remarks......Page 562
BOX 18.6 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Paula Zuffante, Ph.D.......Page 564
KEY TERMS......Page 566
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 568
19 Forensic Psychology......Page 569
Perspectives and History......Page 570
BOX 19.1 Focus on Professional Issues: Munsterberg on Trial......Page 571
Some Major Activities of Forensic Psychologists......Page 573
BOX 19.2 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: David DeMatteo, J.D., Ph.D.......Page 576
BOX 19.3 Focus on Clinical Applications Legal Controversies: Forcible Medication......Page 581
BOX 19.4 Clinical Psychologist Perspective: Marina Tolou-Shams, Ph.D.......Page 584
BOX 19.5 Graduate Student Perspective: Lizzy Foster......Page 588
CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 589
KEY TERMS......Page 590
WEB SITES OF INTEREST......Page 591
APPENDIX......Page 592
REFERENCES......Page 620
PHOTO CREDITS......Page 659
NAME INDEX......Page 661
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 675