Clinical Infectious Diseases Study Guide: A Problem-Based Approach

Contents......Page 6
Chapter 1: Bacterial Infections of Skin and Skin Structures......Page 9
1.2 Clinical Features of Cellulitis and Abscesses......Page 10
1.3 Most Common Infecting Pathogens and Empiric Antibiotic Treatment Options (Tables 1.1 and 1.2)......Page 11
1.4.1 Considerations for Bite Wounds (Tables 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5) (Fig. 1.2)......Page 12
1.4.2 Pathogens Causing Infections at the Site of a Bite (Tables 1.6 and 1.7)......Page 13
1.4.3 Empiric Antibiotic Regimens for Wound Infections Following Bite (Table 1.8 and Fig 1.3)......Page 14
1.5.1 Pathogens Causing Wound Infections after Aquatic Exposure (Fig. 1.4 and Table 1.9)......Page 15
1.6 Skin Infections Associated with an Underlying Immunodeficiency (Fig. 1.6 and Table 1.10)......Page 16
1.8 Answers......Page 17
References and Suggested Reading......Page 18
2.1 Definitions......Page 19
2.3 Answers......Page 20
References and Suggested Reading......Page 21
3.1 Definitions (Table 3.1)......Page 22
3.3 Approach to Medical History and Physical Exam (Table 3.2)......Page 23
3.5 General Approach to Management (Tables 3.4 and 3.5)......Page 24
3.6 Pathogen-Specific Considerations (Fig. 3.2 and Table 3.6)......Page 25
References and Suggested Reading......Page 26
4.1 Definitions (Table 4.1)......Page 28
4.3 Clinical Manifestations (Tables 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7)......Page 29
References and Suggested Reading......Page 31
5.1 Definitions (Table 5.1)......Page 32
5.3 Treatment......Page 33
References and Suggested Reading......Page 34
6.1.1 Definitions (Fig. 6.1)......Page 35
6.1.2 Clinical Features and Management (Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3; Figs. 6.2, 6.3)......Page 36
6.2 Sinusitis......Page 38
6.2.1 Historical Clues (Fig. 6.5; Tables 6.7 and 6.8)......Page 39
6.3.1 Mastoiditis......Page 40
References and Suggested Reading......Page 41
7.1 Definitions......Page 42
7.3 Pathogens Causing Pharyngitis (Tables 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4)......Page 43
7.4 Deep Neck Space Infection (Fig. 7.1 and Tables 7.5, 7.6, and 7.7)......Page 44
7.5 Questions......Page 45
7.6 Answers......Page 46
References......Page 47
Chapter 8: Pertussis and Pertussis Syndrome......Page 48
8.4 Diagnosis......Page 49
8.6 Pertussis Vaccines: Most Effective Means of Disease Prevention (Table 8.2)......Page 50
References and Suggested Reading......Page 51
Chapter 9: Laryngitis, Tracheitis, Epiglottitis, and Bronchiolitis......Page 52
9.2 Laryngitis (Table 9.2)......Page 53
9.5 Epiglottitis (Table 9.5)......Page 54
9.6 Bronchiolitis (Tables 9.6 and 9.7)......Page 55
9.7 Questions......Page 56
References and Suggested Reading......Page 57
Chapter 10: Community-Acquired Pneumonia......Page 58
10.2 Epidemiology......Page 59
10.4.1 Viral Pneumonia (Fig. 10.1)......Page 60
10.6 Diagnosis (Fig. 10.3)......Page 61
10.7 Treatment (Table 10.3)......Page 62
10.9 Prevention (Table 10.5)......Page 63
References and Suggested Reading......Page 64
Chapter 11: Influenza Infection......Page 65
11.2 Etiology (Table 11.1)......Page 66
11.3 Clinical Manifestations (Tables 11.2 and 11.3)......Page 67
11.5 Treatment (Table 11.6)......Page 68
11.7 Questions......Page 69
References and Suggested Reading......Page 70
Chapter 12: Tuberculosis......Page 71
12.3 Epidemiology and Transmission......Page 72
12.5 Screening/Diagnostic Testing (Tables 12.4 and 12.5, Fig. 12.2)......Page 74
12.6 Evaluation Contagious TB Case Contacts......Page 76
12.7 Treatment (Tables 12.6 and 12.7)......Page 77
12.9 Answers......Page 78
References and Suggested Reading......Page 79
13.1 Definitions......Page 80
13.2 Etiologies......Page 81
References and Suggested Reading......Page 83
14.1 Definitions......Page 84
14.2 Epidemiology (Tables 14.1 and 14.2)......Page 85
14.3 Fungal Pneumonia Characteristics by Etiology (Tables 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, and 14.7)......Page 86
14.5 Answers......Page 88
References and Suggested Reading......Page 89
15.1 Definitions......Page 90
15.3 Clinical Manifestations......Page 91
15.5 Diagnosis (Fig. 15.2; Tables 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, and 15.6)......Page 92
15.7 Prevention (Table 15.7)......Page 94
15.8 Questions......Page 95
References and Suggested Reading......Page 96
16.1 Definitions......Page 97
16.4 Diagnostic Evaluation (Tables 16.3 and 16.4)......Page 98
16.6 Management (Table 16.6)......Page 99
References and Suggested Reading......Page 100
17.1 Definitions......Page 101
17.2 Diagnostic Criteria (Fig. 17.1; Table 17.1)......Page 102
17.3.4 Erythema Marginatum......Page 103
17.5 Questions......Page 104
References and Suggested Reading......Page 105
Chapter 18: Kawasaki Disease......Page 106
18.2 Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis......Page 107
18.4 Management......Page 108
References and Suggested Reading......Page 109
Chapter 19: Infectious Hepatitis......Page 110
19.2 Evaluation of Patient with Elevated Liver Transaminases......Page 111
19.3.1 Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection......Page 113
19.3.2 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection......Page 114
19.3.3 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection......Page 116
19.3.4 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection......Page 117
19.4 Questions......Page 118
References and Suggested Reading......Page 119
20.1 Definitions......Page 120
20.5 Pathogens (Tables 20.2 and 20.3)......Page 121
20.7 Management......Page 122
20.9 Answers......Page 123
References and Suggested Reading......Page 124
Chapter 21: Infectious Gastroenteritis......Page 125
21.2 Pathogenesis (Fig. 21.1)......Page 126
21.4 Etiologies (Tables 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, and 21.4; Fig. 21.2)......Page 127
21.6 Diagnosis......Page 131
21.7 Management......Page 133
21.9 Questions......Page 134
References and Suggested Reading......Page 135
Chapter 22: Urinary Tract Infections......Page 136
22.3 Microbiology of UTIs (Table 22.1)......Page 137
22.5.1 Urine Sample Collection (Table 22.4)......Page 138
22.6 Treatment (Table 22.7)......Page 139
22.7 Questions......Page 140
References and Suggested Reading......Page 141
Chapter 23: Human Papillomavirus......Page 142
23.2 Epidemiology and Disease Burden (Fig. 23.1)......Page 143
23.3 Clinical Manifestations (Fig. 23.3)......Page 144
23.5.2 Active Immunization......Page 145
References and Suggested Reading......Page 146
Chapter 24: Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Orchitis......Page 148
24.2 Epididymitis......Page 149
24.3 Orchitis......Page 150
24.5 Questions......Page 151
References and Suggested Reading......Page 152
Chapter 25: Vaginitis, Mucopurulent Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease......Page 153
25.2.1 Evaluation of Vaginal Discharge (Table 25.2)......Page 154
25.2.2.1 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)......Page 155
25.3 Mucopurulent Cervicitis (Table 25.3)......Page 156
25.3.1.2 Neisseria gonorrhoeae......Page 157
25.4.1 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome......Page 158
References and Suggested Reading......Page 159
Chapter 26: Congenital and Perinatal Infections......Page 160
26.2.1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (Table 26.1)......Page 161
26.2.4 Toxoplasma gondii (Table 26.4)......Page 163
26.2.5 Treponema pallidum: Syphilis (Table 26.5)......Page 164
26.2.6 Varicella Zoster Virus (Table 26.6)......Page 165
26.3 Etiologies: Perinatal Infection (Table 26.8)......Page 166
References and Suggested Reading......Page 167
27.1 Definitions......Page 168
27.4 Etiologies (Tables 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, and 27.4)......Page 169
References and Suggested Reading......Page 172
Chapter 28: Bacterial Meningitis......Page 173
28.2 Clinical Presentation (Table 28.1)......Page 174
28.4 Diagnostic Evaluation......Page 175
28.5.1.1 Streptococcus Agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS)......Page 176
28.5.1.2 E. coli and Other Gram-Negative Bacilli......Page 177
28.5.2.1 Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) (Table 28.9)......Page 178
28.5.2.3 Neisseria meningitidis (Table 28.11)......Page 179
28.6 Management of Bacterial Meningitis (Tables 28.12 and 28.13)......Page 180
References and Suggested Reading......Page 181
Chapter 29: Parameningeal Infections......Page 182
29.2 Brain Abscess (Fig. 29.1; Tables 29.2 and 29.3)......Page 183
29.3 Subdural Empyema (Table 29.4)......Page 184
29.5 Questions......Page 185
References and Suggested Reading......Page 186
30.1 Definitions......Page 187
30.3 Infectious Etiologies of Meningoencephalitis (Table 30.2)......Page 188
30.4 Diagnostic Evaluation......Page 190
References and Suggested Reading......Page 192
31.2 Clinical Disease Processes......Page 193
References and Suggested Reading......Page 194
32.1 Definitions......Page 195
32.3 Human prion diseases......Page 196
References and Suggested Reading......Page 197
33.1 Definitions......Page 198
33.3 Tetanus Vaccines......Page 199
33.5 Questions......Page 200
References and Suggested Reading......Page 201
34.1 Definitions......Page 202
34.4 Diagnosis......Page 203
34.7 Questions......Page 204
References and Suggested Reading......Page 205
Chapter 35: Botulism......Page 206
35.2 Etiology of Botulism......Page 207
35.5 Diagnostic Tests for Botulism (Table 35.2)......Page 208
35.8 Answers......Page 209
References and Suggested Reading......Page 210
Chapter 36: Toxic Shock Syndrome......Page 211
36.4 Differential Diagnosis for Toxic Shock Syndrome (Table 36.3)......Page 212
References and Suggested Reading......Page 214
Chapter 37: Clostridioides difficile Colitis......Page 216
37.4 Diagnostic Tests......Page 217
37.5.1 Key Concepts in Treating C. difficile Infections (Table 37.2)......Page 218
37.6.1 Key Concepts......Page 219
References and Suggested Reading......Page 220
Chapter 38: Toxin-Mediated Food Poisoning......Page 221
38.3 Diagnostic Tests (Table 38.3)......Page 222
38.4.1 Key Concepts......Page 223
38.7 Answers......Page 224
References and Suggested Reading......Page 225
Chapter 39: Bacteremia and Bacterial Sepsis......Page 226
39.1 Definitions......Page 227
39.2.1 Blood Cultures: Key Points......Page 228
39.3 Etiologies of Bacteremia and Bacterial Sepsis (Tables 39.1, 39.2, and 39.3)......Page 229
39.4 Treatment......Page 231
References and Suggested Reading......Page 232
Chapter 40: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections......Page 233
40.1 Definitions......Page 234
40.2 Clinical Presentation......Page 235
40.4 Etiologies of CRBSIs......Page 236
40.5 Management of CRBSIs......Page 237
40.7 Answers......Page 238
References and Suggested Reading......Page 239
Chapter 41: Osteoarticular Infections......Page 240
41.2 Clinical Presentation of Osteoarticular Infections......Page 241
41.5 Treatment......Page 243
41.7 Answers......Page 244
References and Suggested Reading......Page 245
Chapter 42: Candidiasis......Page 246
42.3 Characteristics of Some Candida Species that Cause Human Disease (Table 42.2)......Page 247
42.4 Clinical Presentations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Candidiasis (Table 42.3)......Page 248
References and Suggested Reading......Page 249
Chapter 43: Lyme Disease......Page 250
43.2 Etiology......Page 252
43.3 Clinical Presentation......Page 253
43.5 Diagnostic Tests......Page 254
43.6 Treatment......Page 255
43.7 Fill in the Blank......Page 256
References and Suggested Reading......Page 257
Chapter 44: Spotted Fevers......Page 258
44.2 Etiologies......Page 259
44.4 Clinical Presentation......Page 260
44.8 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 261
References and Suggested Reading......Page 262
Chapter 45: Typhus Group and Related Rickettsioses......Page 263
45.5 Diagnostic Testing and Pathogen Identification......Page 264
45.6 Treatment......Page 265
References and Suggested Reading......Page 266
Chapter 46: Malaria......Page 268
46.3 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium Species......Page 269
46.5 Clinical Presentation......Page 270
46.6 Diagnostic Tests......Page 271
46.8 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 272
References and Suggested Reading......Page 273
Chapter 47: Yellow Fever......Page 274
47.3 Incubation Period......Page 275
47.6 Treatment and Prevention of Yellow Fever......Page 276
References and Suggested Reading......Page 277
Chapter 48: Dengue Fever......Page 279
48.4 Clinical Presentation......Page 280
48.5 Diagnostic Tests......Page 281
48.8 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 282
References and Suggested Reading......Page 283
Chapter 49: Chagas Disease: South American Trypanosomiasis......Page 284
49.3 Clinical Presentation......Page 285
49.5 Treatment......Page 286
49.7 Answers......Page 287
References and Suggested Reading......Page 288
Chapter 50: African Sleeping Sickness: African Trypanosomiasis......Page 289
50.2 Etiologies......Page 290
50.5 Treatment......Page 291
50.6 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 292
References and Suggested Reading......Page 293
Chapter 51: Leishmaniasis......Page 294
51.3 Incubation Period......Page 295
51.4 Clinical Presentation......Page 296
51.6 Treatment......Page 297
References and Suggested Reading......Page 298
Chapter 52: Leptospirosis......Page 300
52.2 Etiology......Page 301
52.6 Treatment......Page 302
52.8 Answers......Page 303
References and Suggested Reading......Page 304
Chapter 53: Leprosy......Page 305
53.3 Incubation Period......Page 306
53.4 Clinical Presentation......Page 307
53.7 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 308
References and Suggested Reading......Page 309
54.1 Definitions......Page 310
54.3 Clinical Presentation......Page 311
54.4 Diagnostic Tests......Page 312
54.6 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 313
54.7 Answers......Page 314
References and Suggested Reading......Page 315
Chapter 55: Trematodes......Page 316
55.3 Clinical Presentation......Page 317
55.4 Diagnostic Tests......Page 318
55.6 Questions......Page 319
References and Suggested Reading......Page 320
Chapter 56: Roundworms......Page 321
56.3 Clinical Presentation......Page 322
56.4 Diagnostic Tests......Page 325
56.6 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 326
References and Suggested Reading......Page 327
Chapter 57: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection......Page 328
57.1 Definitions......Page 329
57.4 Routes of HIV Transmission......Page 330
57.6 Clinical Presentation......Page 331
57.7 Diagnostic Tests......Page 332
57.8 Treatment......Page 333
57.9 Questions [Choose the Correct Answer(s) Among Those Included Between the Brackets]......Page 334
References and Suggested Reading......Page 335
58.2 Beta-lactam Antibiotics (Tables 58.1 and 58.2, Figs. 58.1 and 58.2)......Page 336
58.3 Penicillins......Page 337
58.5 Carbapenems......Page 340
58.6 Aminoglycosides......Page 342
58.7 Fluoroquinolones......Page 343
58.9 Glycylcyclines......Page 344
58.11 Lipopeptides......Page 345
58.13 Nitroimidazoles......Page 346
58.16 Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole......Page 347
58.18 Questions......Page 348
References and Suggested Reading......Page 349
Index......Page 350