Climatic Changes on a Yearly to Millennial Basis: Geological, Historical and Instrumental Records

Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Climatic Changes on a Yearly to Millennial Basis an Introduction....Pages 1-13
Front Matter....Pages 15-15
Late Weichselian Deglaciation and Chronostratigraphy of Southern Scandinavia: Problems and Present “State of the Art”....Pages 17-24
Biotic Response to Climatic Changes during the Time Span 13,000–10,000 B.P. — a Case Study from SW Sweden....Pages 25-36
Climatic Changes at Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in the Middle Swedish Endmoraine Zone, Mainly Inferred from Stratigraphic Indications....Pages 37-56
Cyclic Lamination in Proximal Varves Reflecting the Length of Summers during Late Weichsel in Southernmost Sweden....Pages 57-62
Late Weichselian Sea-Levels and Fauna Communities in Northern Vendsyssel, Jutland, Denmark....Pages 63-68
Flora, Fauna and Stable Isotopes in Late-Würm Deposits at Lobsigensee (Swiss Plateau)....Pages 69-73
Late Weichselian Fluctuations in the French Alps and Massif Central from Pollen Analyses....Pages 75-90
Climatic and Glacial Fluctuations during the Late-Glacial and the Holocene in Oisans (Isere, France)....Pages 91-94
The Classical Late Weichselian Climatic Fluctuations in Mexico....Pages 95-115
Climatic Variations in the Low Continental Latitudes during the Last 30,000 Years....Pages 117-120
Front Matter....Pages 121-121
Late-Glacial — Holocene High-Frequency Climatic Changes in Deep-Sea Cores from the Denmark Strait....Pages 123-133
The Reflection of Abrupt Climatic Changes in the Relief and Sequence of Continental Deposits....Pages 135-146
Water-Level Changes, Climate and Human Impact: A Palaeohydrological Study of Krageholm Lake (Scania, Southern Sweden)....Pages 147-154
Trees and Shrubs in the Shetland Islands: Evidence for a Postglacial Climatic Optimum?....Pages 155-161
Holocene Palaeo-Winds and Climatic Changes in West Greenland as Indicated by Long-Distance Transported and Local Pollen in Lake Sediments....Pages 163-171
Peat Inception and Climatic Change in Northern Quebec....Pages 173-179
The Nile Floods as a Global Climatic/Solar Proxy....Pages 181-190
Rainfall Patterns and Lake Level Variations at Lake Chad....Pages 191-200
Tropical Peats: Hydrogeologic and Climatic Control....Pages 201-203
Front Matter....Pages 121-121
Causes of a Late-Atlantic Swamp-Forest Submergence in the Central Rhine/Meuse Delta....Pages 205-214
Late Postglacial Beach Ridges on the Island of Gotland, Sweden, as Indicators of a Probable Periodicity in the Climate....Pages 215-218
Size Variations in Atlantic, Subboreal and Modern Moose Teeth....Pages 219-221
Front Matter....Pages 223-223
Climate and History in Northern Europe and Elsewhere....Pages 225-240
Settlement Expansion — Settlement Contraction: A Question of War, Plague, Ecology or Climate?....Pages 241-247
Climatic Reflection in Varved Lake Sediments....Pages 249-256
Sunspot Cycles and Global Oscillations....Pages 257-259
Dendrochronology in Sweden....Pages 261-262
Dendrochronology, Mass Balance and Glacier Front Fluctuations in Northern Sweden....Pages 263-271
Dendroclimatological Studies at the Northern Timberline....Pages 273-279
Limitations of 14 C Dates from Buried Soils in Reconstructing Glacier Variations and Holocene Climate....Pages 281-290
Climate and Glaciation in Kong Karls Land, Eastern Svalbard....Pages 291-302
Questions Arising When Using Lichen for 14 C Measurements in Climatic Studies....Pages 303-308
Some Studies of the Little Ice Age of Recent Centuries and its Great Storms....Pages 309-329
The Potential of Documentary Data for the Reconstruction of Past Climates. Early 16th to 19th Century. Switzerland as a Case Study....Pages 331-337
A Contribution to the Recon Struction of Weather in Central Europe at the end of the 16th Century....Pages 339-342
The Impact of Climate on Grass Growth and Hay Yield in Iceland: A.D. 1601 to 1780....Pages 343-352
Climatic Changes During Recent Centuries as Indicated by Dendrochronological Studies, Mount Baker, Washington, U.S.A.....Pages 353-361
The Cold Winter 1808–09: A Russian Force Crosses the Ice-Bound Gulf of Bothnia and Takes (the First?) Air-Temperature Measurements in History for Purposes of a Military Operation....Pages 363-364
On the Availability and Homogeneity of Instrumentally Observed Climatological Records....Pages 365-370
Front Matter....Pages 223-223
Climate Variation in Northern Europe during the Past Century....Pages 371-379
Certain Relationships Between Lake Level Variations and Some Climatic Factors in Finland....Pages 381-389
Long-Term Variations in Some Physical Parameters of the Baltic Sea....Pages 391-399
Strategies for Assessing Impacts of Climatic Change in Marginal Areas....Pages 401-412
Front Matter....Pages 413-413
Mechanism for Linking Solar Activity to Weather-Scale Effects, Climatic Changes and Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere....Pages 415-448
Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance Variations and the Earth’s Atmosphere....Pages 449-471
Cycles of Solar Flares and Weather....Pages 473-481
Planetary, Solar, Atmospheric, Hydrospheric and Endogene Processes as Origin of Climatic Changes on the Earth....Pages 483-507
Planetary Periodicities and Terrestrial Climate Stress....Pages 509-520
A Possible Mechanism of Abrupt Climatic Changes....Pages 521-531
Sea Surface Temperature, Atmospheric CO 2 and the Global Energy Budget: Some Comparisons between the Past and Present....Pages 533-561
The Effect of Atmospheric and Oceanic Energy Transports in Climatic Balance....Pages 563-570
Possible CO 2 -Induced Warming Effects on the Cryosphere....Pages 571-604
The Nature and Significance of Cloud-Cryosphere Interactions in the Marginal Snow and Ice Zones....Pages 605-607
Climatic Belts in the Case of a Unipolar Glaciation....Pages 609-620
Energy-Flow Budgets in Aquatic Ecosystems and the Conflict Between Biology and Geophysics About Earth-Axis Tilt....Pages 621-633
Front Matter....Pages 635-635
Climatic Changes on a Yearly to Millennial Basis. Concluding Remarks....Pages 637-651
Back Matter....Pages 653-667