Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records

Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Introduction......Page 11
INTRODUCTION......Page 14
Latitudinal distribution......Page 17
Continentalit......Page 18
Seasonality......Page 21
The amount effect......Page 22
The role of local temperature......Page 24
Long-term trends......Page 30
Frequency distribution of monthly data......Page 41
CONCLUDINRGE MARKS......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 47
QUELCCAYA: A TROPICAL ICE CORE ISOTOPE RECORD......Page 50
DEVILS HOLE: A LONG CONTINENTAL RECORD OF GLACIAL INTERGLACTIAL CHANGE......Page 52
Duration of the Glacial to Interglacial Transitions......Page 53
The Age of Termination II......Page 54
Glacial-Interglacial Transition at Devils Hole......Page 55
CONCLUSIONS......Page 57
REFERENCES......Page 58
INTRODUCTION......Page 60
Parameters of the Isotope Model......Page 61
Model Mechanics......Page 62
Results......Page 64
Discussion......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 66
INTRODUCTION......Page 67
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 69
Isotopic variations in ice cores......Page 73
REFERENCES......Page 77
INTRODUCTION......Page 79
Bahamas......Page 80
CLIMATIC PARAMETERS......Page 81
METHODS......Page 82
Carbon and Oqgen Isotopic Signatures in Calcretes......Page 83
Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Meteoric Waters......Page 84
TIMING OF CALCRETE FORMATION......Page 85
CONCLUSIONS......Page 86
REFERENCES......Page 87
INTRODUCTION......Page 88
GEOLOGIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC SETTING......Page 89
CALCTTE CEMENT PETROGRAPHY......Page 90
GEWIEMISTR......Page 91
Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Calcite Cements asIndicators of Climatic Change......Page 92
Alternative Interpretation......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 98
INTRODUCTION......Page 100
History of the noble gas composition of the atmosphere......Page 101
IMPACT OF GROUND TEMPERATURE AND RECHARGEVARIATIONS ON NOBLE GAS TEMPERATURES......Page 102
Infiltration pattern......Page 103
Macrodispersion......Page 105
COMPARISONO F HOLOCENEN OBLE GAS TEMPERATURESWITH GROUND TEMPERATURES......Page 106
LATE PLEISTOCENER ECHARGE TEMPERATURES......Page 108
CONCLUSIONS......Page 109
REFERENCES......Page 110
ISOTOPIC PATTERNS IN ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPTATION......Page 112
Description......Page 114
Sedimentation History......Page 115
Carbonate and Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy 1 750 - 1986......Page 116
Precipitation Temperature vs. Isotopic Composition of Water......Page 118
Changing Atmospheric Circulation Patterns......Page 119
CONCLUSIONS......Page 120
REFERENCES......Page 121
GENERAPRLI NCIPLES......Page 123
Stable Isotopes......Page 124
Preparation of Phosphoric Acid......Page 125
Maintenance of Analytical Reliability......Page 126
Oxygen Isotopes......Page 127
Carbon lsotopes......Page 129
REFERENCES......Page 130
INTRODUCTION......Page 132
THE SEASONAL RECORD OF LACUSTRINE STROMATOLlTES......Page 133
LAKE BOGORIA KENYA......Page 134
LAKE NATRON-MAGADI KENYA-TAZANIA......Page 136
LAKE SUGUTA KENYA......Page 137
LAKE TANGANYIKA BURUNDI......Page 138
SABKHA CHEMCHANE MAURITANIA......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 140
SITE DESCRIPTION......Page 143
Stable Isotopes......Page 144
Chronology......Page 145
Stable Isotopic Record......Page 146
RATIONALE FOR THE METHOD......Page 147
INTERPRETATION......Page 148
Younger Dryas Chronozone......Page 150
Early -Mid Holocene Moist Period......Page 151
Recent Desiccation......Page 152
CONCLUSION......Page 153
REFERENCES......Page 159
INTRODUCTION......Page 161
Modern Unionids......Page 162
Methods for High Resolution Sampling and Analysis......Page 163
018O AND 013C VARIATION IN PALEOGENE UNIONIDS......Page 164
MODELS FOR INTERPRETATION......Page 165
Temperature Dominated Environments with Constant 018O Water......Page 166
Temperature Dominated Environments with Variable 018O Water......Page 167
INTERPRETATION OF SHELL CARBONATE 018O VARIATION......Page 168
REFERENCES......Page 170
INRODUCIION......Page 172
STUDY AREA......Page 173
Pollen and Charcoal Analysis......Page 174
Chronology......Page 175
Stable Isotopes......Page 176
Pollen......Page 177
Geochemistry and Mineralogy......Page 178
Stable Isotopes......Page 179
IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE NEOTROPICS......Page 182
CONCLUSIONS......Page 183
REFERENCES......Page 184
OSTRACODE/ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP......Page 186
HYDROLOGIC AND GEOLOGIC SETTING OF PLUVIAL LAKE CHEWAUCAN AND MODERN SUMMER LAKE......Page 187
GEOCHRONOLOGRICE CORD......Page 189
RESULTS PALEOECOLOGIC DATA......Page 190
OXYGEN......Page 192
TRACE ELEMENT DATA......Page 193
DISCUSSION......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
INTRODUCTION......Page 198
EXPERIMENTAL PLAN......Page 199
Eurythermic Fishes......Page 203
Calibration of Aragonite Thermometry in Fish Otolith......Page 204
Metabolic and Vital Efficts......Page 205
Estimation of Seasonal Temperature Variation......Page 206
REFERENCES......Page 207
INTRODUCTION......Page 210
GEOLOGICA N D STRATIGRAPHFIRCA MEWOROKF THE SECTIONS TUDIED......Page 211
Faunal......Page 212
Flora......Page 213
Stable isotopes......Page 214
Consistencies and inconsistencies of interpretations......Page 215
CONCLUSIONS......Page 218
REFERENCES......Page 221
ECOLOGY AND CARBON ISOTOPES......Page 223
LOCALTIES AND CLIMATE SYSTEMS STUDIED......Page 224
PRECIPITATION OF PEDOGENIC CARBONATE......Page 226
DIFFUSION......Page 229
OXYGEN ISOTOPES......Page 233
APPLICATION......Page 234
CONCLUSIONS......Page 235
REFERENCES......Page 236
INTRODUCTION......Page 238
Carbon-14 Daring......Page 239
Soil Organic Maner......Page 240
Soil Carbonate......Page 241
REGIONAL PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE......Page 242
REFERENCES......Page 243
INTRODUCTION......Page 245
GENERAL GEOLOGY......Page 246
ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 247
I . Isotopes of pedogenic carbonate:......Page 248
2. Stable isotopes of fossil mammal teeth:......Page 249
REFERENCES......Page 251
INTRODUCTION......Page 253
Regional and Temporal Trends in Hydrogen Isotopic Composition......Page 254
Post-Formation Isotopic Exchange......Page 255
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios of Cretaceous Kaolinites from Colorado......Page 260
Estimation of the Isotopic Composition of Ancient Meteoric Waters......Page 262
REFERENCES......Page 263
INTRODUCTION......Page 266
Previous Work......Page 267
Field Methods......Page 268
Comparison of 14C age of locustrine sediments with "Be age  of the youngest Warm terrace......Page 269
Paleomagnetic Studies of Gilnz and Mindel Terraces......Page 271
Age Assignments Based on New Data......Page 272
Pedogenesk As a Function of Time - Evidence for Residual Soil Formation......Page 273
Comparison of Paleomagnetic and 10Be Data......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 277
ENVIRONMENTS OF FORMATION OF ALUNITE......Page 279
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES......Page 280
CHANGES IN 6D OF ALUNITE WITH TIME......Page 282
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF CHANGES IN 8D......Page 283
Worldwide climate change......Page 284
REFERENCES......Page 285
INTRODUCTION......Page 287
Single-mineral Paleothernometers......Page 288
Mineral-pair Oxygen Isotope Paleothermometers......Page 293
A PALEOCLIMATIC APPLICATION......Page 294
REFERENCES......Page 295
INTRODUCTION......Page 297
Carajis region......Page 298
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES......Page 299
Modern waters......Page 300
Carajb region......Page 301
The Paragominas bauxite......Page 306
CONCLUSIONS......Page 307
REFERENCES......Page 308
Depth of hydration = constant time0.5......Page 310
RETENTION of ISOTOPIC SIGNATURE......Page 311
Ash from the United States and Canada......Page 312
Ash from Iceland......Page 314
Late Pleistocene Canadian Ash......Page 315
Lava Creek Ash......Page 316
Bishop Tuff......Page 317
Huckleberry Ridge Ash......Page 318
REFERENCES......Page 319
FACTIONATION FACTOR DETERMINED from HOLLOW GLASS SPHERES......Page 321
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 322
REFERENCES......Page 323
METHODS......Page 324
Southwestern Pinyon Pine 613c Chronologies......Page 325
Seasonal 0I3c Changes Wuhin Tree Rings......Page 327
REFERENCES......Page 329
WOOD......Page 331
"Mechanistic" Approach......Page 332
Interpretation of Model Output......Page 334
Lake Sediments......Page 335
Peat......Page 336
CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 337
REFERENCES......Page 338
INTRODUCTION......Page 341
TIME SERIES OF TREE-RING 14C......Page 342
REFERENCES......Page 353
INTRODUCTION......Page 355
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 356
Isotopic Equilibration of Chitin......Page 357
Isotopic Time-Series of Whole Wood and IIoloceNulose......Page 359
CONCLUSIONS......Page 360
REFERENCES......Page 361