Climate Change Effects on Groundwater Resources

 Content: 1 Introduction  1.1 Rationale  1.2 Overview of the book  References Tropical Climates 2 The impacts of climate change and rapid development on weathered crystalline rock aquifer systems in the humid tropics of sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from south-western Uganda  Richard Taylor & Callist Tindimugaya 2.1 Introduction  2.1.1 Purpose and scope  2.1.2 Description of the study area: the River Mitano Basin  2.2 Results and discussion  2.2.1 Impacts of intensive groundwater abstraction  2.2.2 Impact of climate change on groundwater recharge 2.2.3 Uncertainty in climate change impacts on groundwater resources 2.3 Conclusions and recommendations  Acknowledgements  References  3 Groundwater recharge and storage variability in southern Mali  Chris M. Henry, Harm Demon, Diana M. Allen & Dirk Kirste 3.1 Introduction  3.1.1 Purpose and scope  3.1.2 Study area description: southern Mali  3.1.3 Methodology  3.1.4 Relevance for GRAPHIC  3.2 Results and discussion  3.2.1 Groundwater levels and storage anomalies  3.2.2 Recharge modelling  3.3 Policy recommendations  3.4 Future work  Acknowledgements  References  4 Groundwater discharge as affected by land use change in small catchments: A hydrologic and economic case study in Central Brazil  Henrique M.L. Chaves, Ana Paula S. Camelo & Rejane M. Mendes 4.1 Introduction  4.1.1 Purpose and scope  4.1.2 Description of the area: the Pipiripau river basin  4.1.3 Relevance for GRAPHIC  4.2 Methodology  4.2.1 Correlating annual base flow discharge with basin land use intensity  4.2.2 Obtaining basin curve-number and base flow discharge from stream fl ow data  4.2.3 Empirical relationship between the base flow index and the normalized runoff coefficient  4.2.4 Estimating and valuing hydrological services resulting from land conservation scenarios  4.3 Results and discussion  4.3.1 Correlation between the dry season discharge and basin land use intensity 4.3.2 Base fl ow discharge hydrographs and basin curve-number (baseline condition) 4.3.3 Hydrological services resulting from land conservation scenarios 4.4 Policy recommendations 4.5 Future work  References  5 Effects of storm surges on groundwater resources, North Andros Island, Bahamas  John Bowleg & Diana M. Allen 5.1 Introduction  5.1.1 Purpose and scope  5.1.2 Study area description: North Andros Island  5.1.3 Methodology  5.1.4 Relevance for GRAPHIC  5.2 Results and discussion  5.2.1 The well fi eld on North Andros  5.2.2 Hurricane Frances  5.2.3 Consequences of the storm surge in 2004  5.3 Policy recommendations  5.4 Future work  Acknowledgements  References  6 Reducing groundwater vulnerability in Carbonate Island countries in the Pacific Ian White & Tony Falkland 6.1 Introduction  6.1.1 Purpose and scope  6.1.2 Study area description: Pacifi c Island countries  6.1.3 Methodology  6.1.4 Relevance for GRAPHIC  6.2 Results, discussion, and policy recommendations  6.2.1 Characteristics of fresh groundwater lens  6.2.2 Threats to fresh groundwater  6.2.3 Reducing the vulnerability of groundwater systems  6.3 Future work  Acknowledgements  References  Dry (Arid and Semiarid) Climates 7 Groundwater resources increase in the Iullemmeden Basin, West Africa  Guillaume Favreau, Yahaya Nazoumou, Marc Leblanc, Abdou Guero & Ibrahim Baba Goni 7.1 Introduction  7.1.1 Purpose and scope 7.1.2 Description of the study area: the Iullemmeden Basin  7.1.3 Methodology  7.1.4 Relevance to GRAPHIC  7.2 Results and discussion  7.2.1 Land use and land cover change  7.2.2 Increased runoff and erosion  7.2.3 Long-term changes in the water table  7.2.4 Impacts of climate change and land use changes on groundwater resources  7.3 Policy-relevent Recommendations  7.4 Future work  Acknowledgements  References 8 Climate change and its impacts on groundwater resources in Morocco: the case of the Souss-Massa basin  Lhoussaine Bouchaou, Tarik Tagma, Said Boutaleb, Mohamed Hssaisoune & Zine El Abidine El Morjani 8.1 Introduction  8.1.1 Purpose and scope  8.1.2 Description of the study area: the Souss-Massa basin  8.1.3 Methodology  8.1.4 Relevance to GRAPHIC  8.2 Results and discussion  8.2.1 Rainfall variation  8.2.2 Temperature and heat waves  8.2.3 Impacts on groundwater level 8.2.4 Impacts on groundwater quality  8.3 Policy recommendations  8.4 Future work  Acknowledgements  References  9 Vulnerability of groundwater quality to human activity and climate change and variability, High Plains aquifer, USA  Jason J. Gurdak, Peter B. McMahon & Breton W. Bruce 9.1 Introduction  9.1.1 Purpose and scope  9.1.2 Study area description: High Plains aquifer  9.1.3 Methodology  9.1.4 Relevance for GRAPHIC  9.2 Results, discussion, and policy recommendations  9.2.1 Groundwater availability and sustainability are a function of quantity and quality  9.2.2 Conversion of rangeland to irrigated cropland affects water quality  9.2.3 Chemical transport to the water table follows fast and slow paths  9.2.4 The quality of shallow and deep groundwater are substantially different  9.2.5 Mixing of groundwater by high-capacity wells adversely affects water quality  9.2.6 Limited ability to naturally attenuate some contaminants 9.2.7 Interannual to multidecadal climate variability affects recharge and groundwater quality  9.2.8 The quality of most water produced by private, public-supply, and irrigation wells is suitable for the intended uses 9.3 Future work  9.4 Additional information  Acknowledgements  References  10 Groundwater change in the Murray basin from long-term in-situ monitoring and GRACE estimates  Marc Leblanc, Sarah Tweed, Guillaume Ramillien, Paul Tregoning, Frederic Frappart, Adam Fakes & Ian Cartwright 10.1 Introduction  10.1.1 Purpose and scope  10.1.2 Study area description  10.1.3 Methodology  10.1.4 Relevance to GRAPHIC  10.2 Results and discussion  10.2.1 Long-term observations from in situ hydrographs  10.2.2 GRACE observations  10.2.3 Discussion  10.3 Policy-relevant recommendations  10.4 Future work Acknowledgements  References   Temperate Climates 11 Impact assessment of combined climate and management scenarios on groundwater resources. The Inca-Sa Pobla hydrogeological unit (Majorca, Spain)  Lucila Candela, Wolf von Igel, F. Javier Elorza & Joaquin Jimenez-Martinez 11.1 Introduction  11.1.1 Description of the study area: the Inca-Sa Pobla  hydrogeological unit  11.2 Methodology  11.2.1 Recharge estimation  11.2.2 Groundwater fl ow simulation model  11.2.3 Climate change scenarios. Statistical downscaling  11.2.4 Groundwater abstraction scenarios  11.2.5 Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis  11.2.6 Impact assessment by coupling climate and abstraction scenarios  11.3 Results and discussion  11.3.1 GCM and local predictions  11.3.2 Climate change impact on groundwater resources and natural recharge  11.3.3 Sensitivity analysis of water abstraction spatial location  11.3.4 Impact of combined climate change and management scenarios on spring flow rate  11.4 Conclusions and relevance for GRAPHIC  References  12 The effect of climate and anthropogenic sea level changes on Israeli coastal aquifers  Yoseph Yechieli, Uri Kafri & Eyal Shalev 12.1 Introduction  12.1.1 Description of the area: the Israeli Mediterranean and the Dead Sea coastal aquifer systems  12.1.2 Relevance for GRAPHIC  12.2 Methodology  12.2.1 Field studies  12.2.2 Numerical simulation of the Mediterranean coastal aquifer system  12.2.3 Numerical simulation of the Dead Sea aquifer system  12.3 Results and discussion  12.3.1 The Mediterranean coastal aquifer system  12.3.2 The Dead Sea coastal aquifer  12.4 Summary and conclusion  12.5 Policy recommendations  Acknowledgements  References  13 Land subsidence and sea-level rise threaten fresh water resources in the coastal groundwater system of the Rijnland water board, The Netherlands  Gualbert Oude Essink & Henk Kooi 13.1 Introduction  13.1.1 Relevance for GRAPHIC  13.1.2 Salinizing and freshening processes in Dutch coastal aquifers  13.1.3 Description of the area: the Rijnland Water Board  13.2 Description of the numerical method  13.2.1 Numerical code  13.2.2 Scenarios of sea-level rise and land subsidence  13.2.3 The 3D model  13.2.4 Calibration of the 3D model  13.3 Results and discussion  13.3.1 Salinization of the groundwater system  13.3.2 Compensating measures  13.4 Conclusions  References  14 Climate change impacts on valley-bottom aquifers in mountain regions: case studies from British Columbia, Canada  Diana M. Allen 14.1 Introduction  14.1.1 Purpose and scope  14.1.2 Study area description: valley- bottom aquifers in mountain regions  14.1.3 Methodology  14.1.4 Relevance for GRAPHIC  14.2. Results and discussion  14.2.1 Okanagan Basin  14.2.2 Grand Forks  14.3 Policy recommendations  14.4 Future work  Acknowledgements  References  15 Possible effects of climate change on groundwater resources in the central region of Santa Fe Province, Argentina  Ofelia Tujchneider, Marta Paris, Marcela Perez & Monica D'Elia 15.1 Introduction  15.1.1 Purpose  15.1.2 Description of the area: the central region of Santa Fe Province  15.1.3 Methods 15.1.4 Relevance for GRAPHIC  15.2 Results and discussion  15.3 Policy recommendations  15.4 Future work  Acknowledgements  References   Continental Climates 16 Impacts of drought on groundwater depletion in the Beijing Plain, China   Yangxiao Zhou, Liya Wang, Jiurong Liu & Chao Ye 16.1 Introduction  16.1.1 Purpose and scope  16.1.2 Description of the study area: the Beijing Plain  16.2 Results and discussion  16.2.1 Detection of climate changes  16.2.2 Analysis of rapid decline of groundwater levels  16.2.3 Simulation of groundwater depletion under recent droughts  16.2.4 Options for mitigating further groundwater depletion  16.3 Management issues  16.3.1 Legal aspects  16.3.2 Institutional aspects  16.3.3 A drought management plan  16.4 Conclusions and recommendations  Acknowledgements  References  17 Possible effects of climate change on hydrogeological systems: results from research on Esker aquifers in northern Finland  Bjorn Klove, Pertti Ala-aho, Jarkko Okkonen & Pekka Rossi 17.1 Introduction  17.1.1 Study area description: esker aquifers, northern Finland  17.1.2 Importance of esker aquifers in climate change studies  17.2 Results and discussion  17.2.1 How should we assess climate change and land- use changes?  17.2.2 Models used and our experiences from modelling  17.2.3 Impact of future climate change on hydrology and recharge  17.2.4 Surface water- groundwater interaction in lakes  17.2.5 Impact of peatland drainage  17.3 Policy recommendations  17.4 Future work  Acknowledgements  References   Polar Climates 18 Impacts of climate change on groundwater in permafrost areas: case study from Svalbard, Norway  Sylvi Haldorsen, Michael Heim & Martine van der Ploeg 18.1 Introduction  18.1.1 Purpose and scope  18.1.2 Area description  18.1.3 Methodology 18.1.4 Relevance to GRAPHIC  18.2 Results and discussion: Subpermafrost groundwater  18.2.1 Discontinuous permafrost  18.2.2 Continuous permafrost, case study Svalbard: results and discussion of previous work  18.3 Policy- relevant recommendations  18.4 Future work  References   Various Climates 19 Groundwater management in Asian cities under the pressures of human impacts and climate change  Makoto Taniguchi 19.1 Introduction  19.1.1 Relevance for GRAPHIC  19.2 Results and discussion  19.2.1 Satellite GRACE  19.2.2 Subsurface warming  19.2.3 Groundwater assessment as natural capacity  19.3 Policy recommendations  19.4 Conclusion and future work  References  20 Evaluation of future climate change impacts on European groundwater resources  Kevin Hiscock, Robert Sparkes & Alan Hodgson 20.1 Introduction  20.1.1 Description of the areas: aquifer units in northern and southern Europe  20.2 Methodology  20.3 Results and discussion  20.4 Conclusions  20.5 Future work and relevance to GRAPHIC  Acknowledgements  References  21 Sustainable groundwater management for large aquifer systems: tracking depletion rates from space  Sean Swenson & James Famiglietti 21.1 Introduction  21.1.1 Purpose and Scope  21.1.2 Description of the study area  21.1.3 Relevance to GRAPHIC  21.2 Methods and Results  21.2.1 Ground- based well measurements  21.2.2 Hydrologic Modelling  21.2.3 The GRACE- based approach: case studies from the Central Valley of California (USA) and northern India  21.4. A framework for global groundwater monitoring  Acknowledgements  References  22 Major science findings, policy recommendations, and future work  22.1 Overview  22.2 Tropical climates  22.2.1 Science fi ndings 22.2.2 Policy recommendations  22.3 Dry (arid and semiarid) climates 22.3.1 Science fi ndings  22.3.2 Policy recommendations  22.4 Temperate climates  22.4.1 Science fi ndings  22.4.2 Policy recommendations  22.5 Continental climates  22.5.1 Science fi ndings  22.5.2 Policy recommendations  22.6 Polar climates  22.6.1 Science fi ndings  22.6.2 Policy recommendations  22.7 Various climates  22.7.1 Science fi ndings  22.7.2 Policy recommendations  22.8 Future work  References  Contributing authors and contact information  Subject index