Climate Change and Carbon Recycling: Surface Chemistry Applications

Cover
Half Title
Sustainability: Contributions through Science and Technology Series
Climate Change and Carbon Recycling: Surface Chemistry Applications
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Author
1. Carbon Capture-Recycling/Surface Chemistry Aspects
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Effect and Solar System
		1.2.1 Atmosphere and Climate Change
		1.2.2 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and Climate Change (Surface Temperature)
		1.2.3 Sources of Heat Emissions and Sinks in Earth Surrounding
		1.2.4 Dynamics of Temperature of Earth
		1.2.5 Atmosphere of the Earth and the Sun
		1.2.6 Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) in the (Atmosphere) Air
	1.3 Composition of Gases in Atmosphere (AIR)
	1.4 Fossil Fuel Combustion Phenomena: Fossil Fuels + Oxygen (From Air) = Fire (Heat, Electricity, Mechanical Energy, etc.) ... (CO[sub(2gas)] Produced)
	1.5 Carbon Combustion:: Crude Oil Reserves and Refinery:: Plastics and Recycling
	1.6 Photosynthesis and Carbon Dioxide Cycle
	1.7 Mass Balance Analyses of Carbon Dioxide (CO[sub(2)]) Around Earth
	1.8 Climate Change Due to Man-made Fossil Fuel Combustion Pollution
		1.8.1 Change of Equilibrium Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in Air (CO[sub(2gas)]) and in Oceans (CO[sub(2gas)])
		1.8.2 Temperature (Estimated) Change of the Earth (Surface) (Sun – Atmosphere – Earth)
	1.9 Carbon Capture Recycling and Storage (CCRS)
		1.9.1 Carbon Recycling – Carbon Capture Recycling and Storage (CCRS) (Surface Chemistry Aspects)
		1.9.2 Mass Balance of Carbon Dioxide in Different States
	1.10 Mechanisms of Adsorption at the Gas/Solid Interface
		1.10.1 Solid Surface Characteristics (Used for Gas Adsorption)
		1.10.2 Gas/Solid Adsorption Isotherms
		1.10.3 Gas Absorption in Fluids Technology
		1.10.4 Carbon Dioxide Capture by Different Processes
		1.10.5 Application of Carbon Capture and Recycling (CCR)/Storage (CCRS) on Control of Carbon Dioxide Concentration Changing Air
		1.10.6 Flue Gases and Pollution Control
2. Carbon Gas (Recycling: Adsorption/Absorption and Essentials)
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Chemical Evolutionary Equilibrium (CEE) (Fossil Fuel Combustion)
	2.3 Carbon (Dioxide) Capture Technologies
	2.4 Adsorption of Gas on Solids
	2.5 Theory of Adsorption of Gas on Solid Surfaces (Basic Remarks)
	2.6 Different Methods Used for Gas Adsorption Studies
	2.7 Analyses of Gas Adsorption on Solids (Kinetic Model)
	2.8 Solids with Special Characteristics for Gas Adsorption
	2.9 Gas – Solid Adsorption Isotherms and Mechanisms
	2.10 Solid Surface Structures and Gas Adsorption
	2.11 Thermodynamics (Basics) of Gas Adsorption on Solid
	2.12 Determination of Heat (Enthalpy) of Gas Adsorption on Solids (from Indirect Non-Calorimetric Methods)
	2.13 Entropy of Gas – Solid Adsorption (S[sub(ads)])
	2.14 Advanced Experimental Procedures of Gas Adsorption on Solids: STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscope)
	2.15 Gas – Liquid (Solution) Absorption Essentials
	2.16 Absorption of CO[sub(2)] in Aqueous Solutions
3. Essential Surface Chemistry Aspects for Climate Phenomena: Surface Chemistry (Liquids and Solids) (Climate Change Aspects)
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Surface Tension of Liquids
		3.2.1 Introduction
	3.3 Heat of Surface Formation and Heat of Evaporation of Liquids
	3.4 Surface Tension of Liquid Mixtures
	3.5 Solubility of Organic Liquids in Water and Water in Organic Liquids
	3.6 The Hydrophobic Effect (In Aqueous Solutions)
	3.7 Interfacial Tension of Liquids (Liquid[sub(1)] – Liquid[sub(2)]; Oil – Water)
	3.8 Liquid – Liquid Systems: Work of Adhesion
	3.9 Interfacial Tension Theories of Liquid – Liquid Systems
	3.10 Analysis of the Magnitude of the Dispersion Forces in Water (γ[sub(D)])
	3.11 Liquid – Solid Systems (Contact Angle – Wetting – Adhesion) under Dynamic Conditions
	3.12 Surface Chemistry Characteristics of Solid Surfaces
		3.12.1 Introduction
		3.12.2 Surface Tension of Solids
		3.12.3 Solid Surface Forces (Wetting Properties of Solid Surfaces)
4. Carbon Capture – Recycling and Storage (CCRS) (Basic Remarks)
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Solubility Equilibria in (Water) Oceans/Lakes (Water)
	4.3 Fossil Fuel Combustion Process
	4.4 Carbon Capture and Recycling and Storage (CCRS) Methods
		4.4.1 CCRS Technology and Different Methods of Capture
		4.4.2 Direct Capture of Carbon (CO[sub(2gas)]) from Air
		4.4.3 Captured CO[sub(2)] ---------Storage (Oil Field/Saline Formations/ Unmineable Coal Seams)
		4.4.4 CO[sub(2)] Injection in Oil Reservoirs------ Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
	4.5 Additional Different Carbon Capture Methods
		4.5.1 Carbon Dioxide Gas-Hydrate Recycling/Capture
		4.5.2 Other Carbon Capture Methods
	4.6 Storage of CO[sub(2gas)] in Geological Rock Formations
	4.7 Economical Aspects of CCRS Technology Application
Appendix A. Climate Change – Basic Conceptions – Carbon Capture Recycling Storage (CCRS)
Appendix B. Carbon Capture Procedures – Surface Chemistry Aspects (CCRS)
References
Index