Clean C++ Sustainable Software Development Patterns and Best Practices with C++ 17

Contents at a Glance......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
About the Author......Page 12
About the Technical Reviewer......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Chapter 1: Introduction......Page 15
 Software Entropy......Page 16
 Clean Code......Page 17
 C++11 – The Beginning of a New Era......Page 18
  Sidebars......Page 19
   Coding Style......Page 20
 UML Diagrams......Page 21
 The Need for Testing......Page 22
 Introduction into Testing......Page 24
 Unit Tests......Page 26
 What about QA?......Page 27
  Unit Test Naming......Page 28
  Unit Test Independence......Page 29
  One Assertion per Test......Page 30
  Exclude Third-Party Code......Page 31
  Don’t Mix Test Code with Production Code......Page 32
  Test Doubles (Fake Objects)......Page 35
 What Is a Principle?......Page 39
 YAGNI......Page 40
 Information Hiding......Page 41
 Strong Cohesion......Page 44
 Loose Coupling......Page 47
 The Boy Scout Rule......Page 51
 Good Names......Page 53
  Names Should Be Self-Explanatory......Page 55
  Use Names from the Domain......Page 56
  Choose Names at an Appropriate Level of Abstraction......Page 57
  Avoid Cryptic Abbreviations......Page 58
  Avoid Hungarian Notation and Prefixes......Page 59
 Comments......Page 60
  Do Not Comment Obvious Things......Page 61
  Don’t Write Block Comments......Page 62
   Don’t Use Comments to Substitute Version Control......Page 64
  The Rare Cases Where Comments Are Useful......Page 65
   Documentation Generation from Source Code......Page 66
 Functions......Page 68
  One Thing, No More!......Page 70
   “But the Call Time Overhead!”......Page 71
  Function Naming......Page 72
  Arguments and Return Values......Page 73
   Number of Arguments......Page 74
   Avoid Flag Arguments......Page 75
   Avoid Output Arguments......Page 77
   Don’t Pass or Return 0 (NULL, nullptr)......Page 79
    Prefer simple object construction on the stack instead of on the heap......Page 80
   The Power of const correctness......Page 82
  Prefer C++ Strings and Streams over Old C-Style char*......Page 84
  Avoid Using printf(), sprintf(), gets(), etc.......Page 86
  Prefer Standard Library Containers over Simple C-style Arrays......Page 89
  Use C++ casts Instead of Old C-Style Casts......Page 92
  Avoid Macros......Page 94
 Managing Resources......Page 96
  Smart Pointers......Page 98
   Unique Ownership with std::unique_ptr......Page 99
   Shared Ownership with std::shared_ptr......Page 100
   No Ownership, but Secure Access with std::weak_ptr......Page 101
  Managing Proprietary Resources......Page 104
 We Like to Move It......Page 105
  What Are Move Semantics?......Page 106
  The Matter with Those lvalues and rvalues......Page 107
  rvalue References......Page 108
  Don’t Enforce Move Everywhere......Page 109
  The Rule of Zero......Page 110
 The Compiler Is Your Colleague......Page 113
  Automatic Type Deduction......Page 114
  Computations during Compile Time......Page 117
  Variable Templates......Page 119
 Don’t Allow Undefined Behavior......Page 120
 Type-Rich Programming......Page 121
 Know Your Libraries......Page 127
  Take Advantage of ......Page 128
   Easier Parallelization of Algorithms Since C++17......Page 129
   Sorting and Output of a Container......Page 131
   Comparing Two Sequences......Page 132
  Take Advantage of Boost......Page 133
 Proper Exception and Error Handling......Page 134
  Prevention Is Better Than Aftercare......Page 135
   Strong Exception-Safety......Page 136
   The No-Throw Guarantee......Page 137
  An Exception Is an Exception – Literally!......Page 139
  Define User-Specific Exception Types......Page 140
  Pay Attention to the Correct Order of Catch-Clauses......Page 142
 Object-Oriented Thinking......Page 144
 Principles for Good Class Design......Page 146
  Keep Classes Small......Page 147
  Open-Closed Principle (OCP)......Page 148
   The Square-Rectangle Dilemma......Page 149
   Favor Composition over Inheritance......Page 158
  Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)......Page 160
  Acyclic Dependency Principle......Page 161
  Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)......Page 164
  Don’t Talk to Strangers (Law of Demeter)......Page 169
  Tell, Don’t Ask!......Page 174
  Avoid Static Class Members......Page 176
Chapter 7: Functional Programming......Page 178
 What Is Functional Programming?......Page 179
  What Is a Function?......Page 180
  Pure vs. Impure Functions......Page 181
  Functional Programming with C++ Templates......Page 182
   Generator......Page 184
   Predicates......Page 187
  Binders and Function Wrappers......Page 190
  Lambda Expressions......Page 192
  Generic Lambda Expressions (C++14)......Page 194
 Higher-Order Functions......Page 195
  Map, Filter, and Reduce......Page 196
   Filter......Page 197
   Reduce (Fold)......Page 198
   Fold Expressions in C++17......Page 199
 Clean Code in Functional Programming......Page 200
Chapter 8: Test-Driven Development......Page 202
 The Drawbacks of Plain Old Unit Testing (POUT)......Page 203
  The Workflow of TDD......Page 204
  TDD by Example: The Roman Numerals Code Kata......Page 207
   Preparations......Page 208
   The First Test......Page 210
   The Third Test and the Tidying Afterwards......Page 212
   More Sophisticated Tests with a Custom Assertion......Page 216
   It’s Time to Clean Up Again......Page 218
   Approaching the Finish Line......Page 221
   Done!......Page 222
 The Advantages of TDD......Page 224
 When We Should Not Use TDD......Page 226
 Design Principles vs. Design Patterns......Page 227
  Dependency Injection (DI)......Page 228
   The Singleton Anti-Pattern......Page 229
   Dependency Injection to the Rescue......Page 232
  Adapter......Page 240
  Strategy......Page 241
  Command......Page 245
  Command Processor......Page 249
  Composite......Page 252
  Observer......Page 255
   Simple Factory......Page 260
  Facade......Page 263
  Money Class......Page 264
  Special Case Object (Null Object)......Page 267
 What Is an Idiom?......Page 270
   The Power of Immutability......Page 271
   Substitution Failure Is Not an Error (SFINAE)......Page 272
   The Copy-and-Swap Idiom......Page 275
   Pointer to Implementation (PIMPL)......Page 278
  Class......Page 282
  Interface......Page 284
  Association......Page 287
  Generalization......Page 289
  Dependency......Page 290
 Components......Page 291
 Stereotypes......Page 292
Bibliography......Page 293
Index......Page 295