Clayton’s Basic Pharmacology for Nurses

Instructions for online access......Page 2522
Title Page......Page 2
Table of Contents......Page 5
Copyright......Page 23
Dedication......Page 27
Reviewers and Ancillary Contributors......Page 30
LPN/LVN Advisory Board......Page 33
Preface......Page 37
Organization and Special Features......Page 39
Special Features......Page 42
New to This Edition......Page 43
Teaching and Learning Package......Page 44
For Instructors......Page 45
Special Features......Page 46
Study Guide......Page 50
Unit I Applying Pharmacology to Nursing Practice......Page 51
1 Drug Definitions, Standards, and Information Sources......Page 52
Drug Names, Standards, Legislation, and Development in the United States......Page 56
Drug Names, Standards, and Legislation in Canada......Page 73
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 78
2 Basic Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions......Page 83
Basic Principles Related to Drug Therapy......Page 86
Drug Actions......Page 93
Drug Interactions......Page 98
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 102
3 Drug Action Across the Life Span......Page 106
Factors That Affect Drug Therapy......Page 109
Factors That Influence Drug Actions......Page 115
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring......Page 124
Nursing Implications When Monitoring Drug Therapy......Page 126
Genetics and Drug Metabolism......Page 144
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 146
4 The Nursing Process and Pharmacology......Page 151
The Nursing Process......Page 154
Relating the Nursing Process to Pharmacology......Page 174
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 182
5 Patient Education to Promote Health......Page 186
Three Domains of Learning......Page 189
Principles of Teaching and Learning......Page 192
Strategies for Healthcare Teaching......Page 206
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 212
Unit II Illustrated Atlas of Medication Administration......Page 216
6 Principles of Medication Administration and Medication Safety......Page 217
Legal and Ethical Considerations......Page 221
Patient Charts......Page 223
Drug Distribution Systems......Page 235
Disposal of Unused Medicines......Page 245
Medication Orders......Page 247
Medication Safety......Page 250
Seven Rights of Drug Administration......Page 256
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 266
7 Percutaneous Administration......Page 271
Administration of Topical Medications to the Skin......Page 274
Administration of Medications to Mucous Membranes......Page 290
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 315
8 Enteral Administration......Page 319
Administration of Oral Medications......Page 322
Administration of Solid-Form Oral Medications......Page 330
Administration of Liquid-Form Oral Medications......Page 334
Administration of Medications by Nasogastric, Nasoduodenal, Nasojejunal Tube......Page 340
Administration of Enteral Feedings via Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Tube......Page 344
Administration of Rectal Suppositories......Page 349
Administration of a Disposable Enema......Page 352
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 355
9 Parenteral Administration......Page 358
Safe Preparation, Administration, and Disposal of Parenteral Medications and Supplies......Page 361
Equipment Used for Parenteral Administration......Page 363
Safety Systems for Parenteral Preparation, Administration, and Disposal......Page 375
Parenteral Dose Forms......Page 381
Preparation of Parenteral Medication......Page 383
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 395
10 Parenteral Administration......Page 398
Administration of Medication by the Intradermal Route......Page 401
Administration of Medication by the Subcutaneous Route......Page 408
Administration of Medication by the Intramuscular Route......Page 413
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 426
11 Parenteral Administration......Page 429
Equipment Used for Intravenous Therapy......Page 434
Intravenous Dose Forms......Page 445
Administration of Medications by the Intravenous Route......Page 451
Basic Guidelines for the Intravenous Administration of Medications......Page 463
Monitoring Intravenous Therapy......Page 497
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 509
Unit III Drugs Affecting the Autonomic and Central Nervous Systems......Page 513
12 Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System......Page 514
The Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems......Page 517
The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 519
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 538
13 Drugs Used for Sleep......Page 542
Sleep and Sleep Pattern Disturbance......Page 544
Sedative-Hypnotic Therapy......Page 547
Drug Therapy for Sleep Disturbance......Page 554
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 569
14 Drugs Used to Treat Neurodegenerative Disorders......Page 573
Parkinson\'s Disease......Page 576
Drug Therapy for Parkinson\'s Disease......Page 581
Alzheimer\'s Disease......Page 632
Drug Therapy for Alzheimer\'s Disease......Page 633
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 642
15 Drugs Used for Anxiety Disorders......Page 646
Anxiety Disorders......Page 648
Drug Therapy for Anxiety Disorders......Page 652
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 671
16 Drugs Used for Depressive and Bipolar Disorders......Page 674
Depressive and Bipolar Disorders......Page 677
Depressive Disorder......Page 679
Treatment of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders......Page 683
Drug Therapy for Depressive and Bipolar Disorders......Page 685
Drug Therapy for Depressive Disorders......Page 700
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 741
17 Drugs Used for Psychoses......Page 745
Psychosis......Page 748
Treatment of Psychosis......Page 750
Drug Therapy for Psychosis......Page 751
Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Drug Therapy......Page 757
Other Adverse Effects......Page 760
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 771
18 Drugs Used for Seizure Disorders......Page 773
Seizure Disorders......Page 776
Descriptions of Seizures......Page 777
Antiepileptic Therapy......Page 780
Drug Therapy for Seizure Disorders......Page 791
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 848
19 Drugs Used for Pain Management......Page 852
Pain......Page 855
Pain Management......Page 858
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 919
Unit IV Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System......Page 923
20 Introduction to Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome......Page 924
Cardiovascular Diseases......Page 927
Metabolic Syndrome......Page 928
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 941
21 Drugs Used to Treat Dyslipidemias......Page 945
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease......Page 947
Treatment of Hyperlipidemias......Page 949
Drug Therapy for Hyperlipidemias......Page 952
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 979
22 Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension......Page 983
Hypertension......Page 985
Treatment of Hypertension......Page 991
Drug Therapy for Hypertension......Page 993
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1052
23 Drugs Used to Treat Dysrhythmias......Page 1057
Dysrhythmias......Page 1059
Treatment for Dysrhythmias......Page 1062
Drug Therapy for Dysrhythmias......Page 1063
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1094
24 Drugs Used to Treat Angina Pectoris......Page 1097
Angina Pectoris......Page 1099
Treatment of Angina Pectoris......Page 1101
Drug Therapy for Angina Pectoris......Page 1102
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1131
25 Drugs Used to Treat Peripheral Vascular Disease......Page 1135
Peripheral Vascular Disease......Page 1138
Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease......Page 1140
Drug Therapy for Peripheral Vascular Disease......Page 1141
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1159
26 Drugs Used to Treat Thromboembolic Disorders......Page 1163
Thromboembolic Diseases......Page 1166
Treatment of Thromboembolic Diseases......Page 1169
Drug Therapy for Thromboembolic Diseases......Page 1171
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1224
27 Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure......Page 1228
Heart Failure......Page 1230
Treatment of Heart Failure......Page 1235
Drug Therapy for Heart Failure......Page 1238
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1270
28 Drugs Used for Diuresis......Page 1273
Drug Therapy With Diuretics......Page 1275
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1308
Unit V Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System......Page 1312
29 Drugs Used to Treat Upper Respiratory Disease......Page 1313
Upper Respiratory Tract Anatomy and Physiology......Page 1316
Common Upper Respiratory Diseases......Page 1318
Treatment of Upper Respiratory Diseases......Page 1321
Drug Therapy for Upper Respiratory Diseases......Page 1324
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1342
30 Drugs Used to Treat Lower Respiratory Disease......Page 1345
Lower Respiratory Tract Anatomy and Physiology......Page 1348
Common Lower Respiratory Diseases......Page 1352
Treatment of Lower Respiratory Diseases......Page 1359
Drug Therapy for Lower Respiratory Diseases......Page 1362
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1410
Unit VI Drugs Affecting the Digestive System......Page 1414
31 Drugs Used to Treat Oral Disorders......Page 1415
Oral Anatomy......Page 1417
Mouth Disorders......Page 1418
Drug Therapy for Mouth Disorders......Page 1423
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1438
32 Drugs Used to Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease......Page 1441
Physiology of the Stomach......Page 1444
Common Stomach Disorders......Page 1445
Goals of Treatment......Page 1448
Drug Therapy......Page 1449
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1482
33 Drugs Used to Treat Nausea and Vomiting......Page 1486
Nausea and Vomiting......Page 1488
Common Causes of Nausea and Vomiting......Page 1491
Drug Therapy for Selected Causes of Nausea and Vomiting......Page 1495
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1519
34 Drugs Used to Treat Constipation and Diarrhea......Page 1522
Constipation......Page 1524
Diarrhea......Page 1526
Treatment of Altered Elimination......Page 1528
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1550
Unit VII Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System......Page 1554
35 Drugs Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus......Page 1555
Diabetes Mellitus......Page 1557
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus......Page 1561
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus......Page 1563
Drug Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus......Page 1565
Incretin-Related Antidiabetic Therapy......Page 1614
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1623
36 Drugs Used to Treat Thyroid Disease......Page 1626
Thyroid Gland......Page 1628
Thyroid Diseases......Page 1630
Treatment of Thyroid Diseases......Page 1632
Drug Therapy for Thyroid Diseases......Page 1633
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1652
37 Corticosteroids......Page 1655
Corticosteroids......Page 1657
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1682
38 Gonadal Hormones......Page 1685
The Gonads and Gonadal Hormones......Page 1687
Drug Therapy With Gonadal Hormones......Page 1692
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1709
Unit VIII Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System......Page 1712
39 Drugs Used in Obstetrics......Page 1713
Obstetrics......Page 1715
Drug Therapy in Pregnancy......Page 1745
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1770
40 Drugs Used in Men\'s and Women\'s Health......Page 1774
Vaginitis......Page 1777
Drug Therapy for Leukorrhea and Genital Infections......Page 1783
Drug Therapy for Contraception......Page 1797
Osteoporosis......Page 1825
Drug Therapy for Osteoporosis......Page 1827
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia......Page 1838
Drug Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia......Page 1840
Erectile Dysfunction......Page 1849
Drug Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction......Page 1852
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1858
Unit IX Drugs Affecting Other Body Systems......Page 1862
41 Drugs Used to Treat Disorders of the Urinary System......Page 1863
Urinary Tract Infections......Page 1866
Drug Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections......Page 1879
Drug Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome......Page 1886
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1898
42 Drugs Used to Treat Glaucoma and Other Eye Disorders......Page 1901
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye......Page 1904
General Considerations for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Therapy......Page 1908
Glaucoma......Page 1911
Drug Therapy for Glaucoma......Page 1914
Other Ophthalmic Agents......Page 1940
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1955
43 Drugs Used to Treat Cancer......Page 1959
Cancer and the Use of Antineoplastic Agents......Page 1961
Drug Therapy for Cancer......Page 1964
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 1989
44 Drugs Used to Treat the Musculoskeletal System......Page 1993
Muscle Relaxants, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, and Gout Agents......Page 1996
Drug Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders......Page 2009
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 2035
45 Drugs Used to Treat Infections......Page 2039
Antimicrobial Agents......Page 2042
Drug Therapy for Infectious Disease......Page 2057
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 2181
Unit X Drugs Affecting the General Health of the Body......Page 2186
46 Nutrition......Page 2187
Principles of Nutrition......Page 2190
Malnutrition......Page 2213
Therapy for Malnutrition......Page 2214
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 2239
47 Herbal and Dietary Supplement Therapy......Page 2243
Herbal Medicines, Dietary Supplements, and Rational Therapy......Page 2245
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 2289
48 Substance Abuse......Page 2292
Classification of Substance Abuse......Page 2294
Substance Use Disorders......Page 2296
Signs of Impairment......Page 2300
Screening for Alcohol and Substance Abuse......Page 2301
Health Professionals and Substance Abuse......Page 2303
Principles of Treatment for Substance Abuse......Page 2305
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!......Page 2322
Appendixes......Page 2325
Appendix A Nomogram for Calculating the Body Surface Area of Adults, Children, and Infants......Page 2326
Appendix B Template for Developing a Written Record for Patients to Monitor Their Own Therapy......Page 2328
Bibliography......Page 2331
Index......Page 2352
The Joint Commission\'s Official “Do Not Use” List......Page 2519