Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory

List of Figures and Tables
Preface
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Introduction
	Key Concepts
	What Is Sociological Theory?
	Why Read Original Works?
	Navigating Sociological Theory: The Questions of “Order” and “Action”
		The Questions of Order and Action and the Opioid Epidemic
	The European Enlightenment
		The Industrial Revolution
		▶ Significant Others—Auguste Comte (1798–1857): The Father of “Social Physics”
		Political and Religious Transformations
		The French Revolution
		Enlightenment Thinkers and the Questions of Order and Action
		The Limits of Enlightenment
	The Ins and Outs of the Sociological Theory “Canon”
		Contemporary Sociological Theory
	Discussion Questions
Part I Foundations of Classical Sociological Theory
	Chapter 2 Karl Marx (1818–1883)
		Key Concepts
		A Biographical Sketch
		Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			▶ Significant Others—Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929): The Leisure Class and Conspicuous Consumption
		Marx’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Significant Others—Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937): Hegemony and the Ruling Ideas
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to The German Ideology
			From The German Ideology (1845–1846)
			Introduction to Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
			From Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
			Introduction to The Communist Manifesto
			From The Communist Manifesto (1848)
			Introduction to Capital
			From Capital (1867)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 3 Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)
		Key Concepts
		A Biographical Sketch
		Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			▶ Significant Others—Herbert Spencer (1820–1903): Survival of the Fittest
		Durkheim’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to The Division of Labor in Society
			From The Division of Labor in Society (1893)
			Introduction to The Rules of Sociological Method
			From The Rules of Sociological Method (1895)
			Introduction to Suicide: A Study in Sociology
			From Suicide: A Study in Sociology (1897)
			Introduction to The Elementary Forms of Religious Life
			From The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 4 Max Weber (1864–1920)
		Key Concepts
		A Biographical Sketch
		Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Sociology
			Of Nietzsche and Marx
			▶ Significant Others—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): Is God Dead?
			▶ Significant Others—Robert Michels (1876–1936): The Iron Law of Oligarchy
		Weber’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
			From The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904)
			Introduction to “The Distribution of Power within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party”
			From “The Distribution of Power within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party” (1925)
			Introduction to “The Types of Legitimate Domination”
			From “The Types of Legitimate Domination” (1925)
			Introduction to “Bureaucracy”
			From “Bureaucracy” (1925)
		Discussion Questions
Part II Classical Sociological Theory: Expanding the Foundation
	Chapter 5 Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935)
		Key Concepts
		A Biographical Sketch
			▶ Significant Others—Harriet Martineau (1802–1876): The First Woman Sociologist
		Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Gilman’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to Women and Economics
			From Women and Economics (1898)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 6 Georg Simmel (1858–1918)
		Key Concepts
		A Biographical Sketch
		Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Society
			Sociology
			The Individual in Modern Society
			The Individual and Money
			▶ Significant Others—Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936): Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
		Simmel’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to “Exchange”
			From “Exchange” (1907)
			Introduction to “The Stranger”
			“The Stranger” (1908)
			Introduction to “The Metropolis and Mental Life”
			“The Metropolis and Mental Life” (1903)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 7 W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)
		Key Concepts
			▶ Significant Others—Anna Julia Cooper (1858–1964): A Voice from the South
		A Biographical Sketch
		Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Du Bois’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to The Souls of Black Folk
			From The Souls of Black Folk (1903)
			Introduction to “The Souls of White Folk”
			From “The Souls of White Folk” (1920)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 8 George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)
		Key Concepts
		A Biographical Sketch
		Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Pragmatism
			Behaviorism
			▶ Significant Others—Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929): The “Looking-Glass Self”
			Evolutionism
			▶ Significant Others—William James (1842–1910): Consciousness and the Self
		Mead’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to “Mind”
			From “Mind” (1934)
			Introduction to “Self”
			From “Self” (1934)
		Discussion Questions
Part III Twentieth-Century Sociological Traditions
	Chapter 9 Structural Functionalism
		Key Concepts
		Talcott C. Parsons (1902–1979): A Biographical Sketch
			▶ Significant Others—C. Wright Mills (1916–1962): An American Critic
		Parsons’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Action Systems and Social Systems
			The Pattern Variables
			AGIL
		Parsons’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to “Categories of the Orientation and Organization of Action”
			From “Categories of the Orientation and Organization of Action” (1951)
			Introduction to “An Outline of the Social System”
			From “An Outline of the Social System” (1961)
		Robert K. Merton (1910–2003): A Biographical Sketch
		Merton’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Merton’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to “Manifest and Latent Functions”
			From “Manifest and Latent Functions” (1949)
			Introduction to “Social Structure and Anomie”
			From “Social Structure and Anomie” (1968)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 10 Critical Theory
		Key Concepts
		Theodor Adorno and Herbert Marcuse: Biographical Sketches
			Theodor Adorno (1903–1969)
			Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979)
			The Institute for Social Research
		Adorno’s and Marcuse’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Marx, Weber, and the Revolution That Wasn’t
			▶ Significant Others—Walter Benjamin (1892–1940): Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
			Freud and the “Unhappy Consciousness”
		Adorno’s and Marcuse’s Theoretical Orientations
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to Theodor Adorno’s “The Culture Industry Reconsidered”
			From “The Culture Industry Reconsidered” (1975)
			Introduction to Herbert Marcuse’s One-Dimensional Man
			From One-Dimensional Man (1964)
		Jürgen Habermas (1929– ): A Biographical Sketch
		Habermas’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Lifeworld and System
			Habermas and Rational Action
			Faith in Reason: The Public Sphere and “New” Social Movements
		Habermas’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to “Civil Society, Public Opinion, and Communicative Power”
			From “Civil Society, Public Opinion, and Communicative Power” (1996)
			Introduction to “The Tasks of a Critical Theory of Society”
			From “The Tasks of a Critical Theory of Society” (1987)
		Patricia Hill Collins (1948– ): A Biographical Sketch
		Collins’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Collins’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to Black Feminist Thought
			From Black Feminist Thought (1990)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 11 Exchange and Rational Choice Theories
		Key Concepts
		George C. Homans (1910–1989): A Biographical Sketch
		Homans’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			B. F. Skinner and Behavioral Psychology
			Classical Economics
		Homans’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to “Social Behavior as Exchange”
			From “Social Behavior as Exchange” (1958)
		Peter M. Blau (1918–2002): A Biographical Sketch
		Blau’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Blau’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to Exchange and Power in Social Life
			From Exchange and Power in Social Life (1964)
		James S. Coleman (1926–1995): A Biographical Sketch
		Coleman’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Trust and Norms
			The Free Rider
			▶ Significant Others—Michael Hechter (1943– ): Rational Choice and Group Solidarity
		Coleman’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”
			From “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital” (1988)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 12 Symbolic Interactionism and Dramaturgy
		Key Concepts
		Symbolic Interactionism: An Overview
			▶ Significant Others—Sheldon Stryker (1924– ) and Identity Theory
		Erving Goffman (1922–1982): A Biographical Sketch
		Goffman’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Symbolic Interactionism: George Herbert Mead and William I. Thomas
			Social Anthropology: Émile Durkheim, A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, and W. Lloyd Warner
			Dramaturgy: A Synthesis
		Goffman’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
			From The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959)
			Introduction to Asylums
			From Asylums (1961)
		Arlie Russell Hochschild (1940– ): A Biographical Sketch
		Hochschild’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			The Organismic Model
			The Interactional Model
			Goffman and Impression Management
			Hochschild’s Emotion-Management Model
		Hochschild’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to The Managed Heart
			From The Managed Heart (1983)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 13 Phenomenology
		Key Concepts
		Alfred Schutz (1899–1959): A Biographical Sketch
		Schutz’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Schutz’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to The Phenomenology of the Social World
			From The Phenomenology of the Social World (1967)
		Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann: Biographical Sketches
			Peter L. Berger (1929–2017)
			Thomas Luckmann (1927–2016)
		Berger and Luckmann’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Berger and Luckmann’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to The Social Construction of Reality
			From The Social Construction of Reality (1966)
		Ethnomethodology: An Overview
			▶ Significant Others—Harold Garfinkel (1917–2011): The Father of Ethnomethodology
		Dorothy E. Smith (1926– ): A Biographical Sketch
		Smith’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Smith’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to Institutional Ethnography
			From Institutional Ethnography (2005)
			Introduction to The Everyday World as Problematic
			From The Everyday World as Problematic (1987)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 14 Poststructuralism
		Key Concepts
		Defining Poststructuralism
		Michel Foucault (1926–1984): A Biographical Sketch
		Foucault’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Foucault’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to Discipline and Punish
			From Discipline and Punish (1977)
		Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002): A Biographical Sketch
		Bourdieu’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Habitus
			Social Reproduction
			Symbolic Struggles
		Bourdieu’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Readings
			Introduction to “Social Space and the Genesis of Groups”
			From “Social Space and the Genesis of Groups” (1982)
			Introduction to “Outline of a Sociological Theory of Art Perception”
			From “Outline of a Sociological Theory of Art Perception” (1968)
		Edward Said (1935–2003): A Biographical Sketch
		Said’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			▶ Significant Others—Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (1942– ): Can the Subaltern Speak?
			▶ Significant Others—Frantz Fanon (1925–1961): The Father of Postcolonial Studies
		Said’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to Orientalism
			From Orientalism (1978)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 15 Postmodernism
		Key Concepts
		Defining Postmodernism
			▶ Significant Others—Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998): The Postmodern Condition
		Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007): A Biographical Sketch
		Baudrillard’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Baudrillard’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to Simulacra and Simulations
			From Simulacra and Simulations (1981)
		Judith Butler (1956– ): A Biographical Sketch
		Butler’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Butler’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to Gender Trouble
			From Gender Trouble (1990)
		Discussion Questions
	Chapter 16 The Global Society
		Key Concepts
		Defining Globalization
			When, What, and Where?
		Immanuel Wallerstein (1930–2019): A Biographical Sketch
		Wallerstein’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Wallerstein’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to “The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy: Production, Surplus Value, and Polarization”
			From “The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy: Production, Surplus Value, and Polarization” (2004)
		Anthony Giddens (1938– ): A Biographical Sketch
		Giddens’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Structuration
			Modernity and Globalization
		Giddens’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to The Consequences of Modernity
			From The Consequences of Modernity (1990)
		Ulrich Beck (1944–2015): A Biographical Sketch
		Beck’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
			Reflexive Modernization and the Risk Society
			A Path Forward
		Beck’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to “Climate for Change, or How to Create a Green Modernity?”
			“Climate for Change, or How to Create a Green Modernity?”
		George Ritzer (1940– ): A Biographical Sketch
		Ritzer’s Intellectual Influences and Core Ideas
		Ritzer’s Theoretical Orientation
			▶ Reading
			Introduction to “Rethinking Globalization: Glocalization/Grobalization and Something/Nothing”
			From “Rethinking Globalization: Glocalization/Grobalization and Something/Nothing” (2003)
		Discussion Questions
Glossary and Terminology
References
Index