Citizens and Sodomites: Persecution and Perception of Sodomy in the Southern Low Countries (1400-1700) (Crime and City in History, 6)

9789004686175-69308-1
	Contents
	Figures and Tables
		Figures
		Tables
	Abbreviations
	Part 1: Methodological and Discursive Framework
	1 Introduction
		1 Sodomy: a Contested Historiography
			1.1 Homosexuals in History
			1.2 Queer Theory
		2 Sodomy: an Urban Vice? Geographical and Chronological Demarcation
			2.1 Urban Justice in the Southern Netherlands
		3 Sources and Methodology
			3.1 A Quantitative Approach
			3.2 A Qualitative Approach
		4 Structure
		5 Terminology
	2 Sodomy in Religion, Law, and Popular Culture
		1 Introduction
		2 Religious Views on Sodomy
			2.1 Defining a Taboo
			2.2 The Religious Discourse on Sodomy in the Southern Netherlands
				2.2.1 Jean Gerson
				2.2.2 The Ten Commandments
		3 Legal Views on Sodomy
			3.1 A European Perspective
			3.2 Law on Sodomy in the Southern Netherlands
				3.2.1 Customary Law
				3.2.2 Princely Legislation
				3.2.3 Juridical Treatises
		4 Cultural Views on Sodomy
			4.1 Sodom and Gomorrah in Popular Culture
			4.2 Sodomy in an Artistic Context
			4.3 Depictions of Same-Sex Desire in the Southern Netherlands
		5 Conclusion
	Part 2: Urban Prosecutions
	3 Cycles in the Urban Prosecution Policy
		1 Introduction
		2 Cycles in Early Modern Europe
			2.1 Italy
			2.2 The Iberian Peninsula
			2.3 The Holy Roman Empire
			2.4 France and England
			2.5 The Northern Netherlands
			2.6 Scandinavia
			2.7 Russia
		3 Sodomy in the Southern Netherlands: Facts and Figures
			3.1 A Persecution with Ups and Downs
			3.2 The Southern Netherlands: a Northern Precursor
		4 The Sodomite as Scapegoat
			4.1 Sodomy and the Persecuting Society
			4.2 Jews
			4.3 Heretics
			4.4 Witches
			4.5 Civic Morality in the Fifteenth Century
		5 Bruges: Sodom of the North
		6 Bruges and Its Reputation: Some Possible Explanations
			6.1 State Authority
				6.1.1 Bruges and the Burgundian Theatre-State
				6.1.2 Sodomy and the State
			6.2 The Black Death
				6.2.1 Associations between Sodomy and the Plague
				6.2.2 The Plague in the Low Countries
			6.3 Economic Crisis
				6.3.1 The Economic Logic of Sodomy
				6.3.2 The Economic Ups and Downs of a Medieval Metropole
				6.3.3 A Sexual Economy
		7 Conclusion
	4 Social Profiles
		1 Introduction
		2 The Young Sodomite
			2.1 Recognizing Youth
			2.2 Punishing Youth
			2.3 Defining Youth
		3 The Bourgeois Sodomite
			3.1 Citizenship
			3.2 Occupation
			3.3 Marriage
			3.4 Locations
			3.5 Confiscations
		4 The Noble Sodomite
			4.1 Privileged People and Political Victims
			4.2 Noble Sodomites in the Southern Netherlands
		5 Conclusion
	5 Clerical Sodomy
		1 Introduction
		2 Clerical Sodomy in Context
		3 Clerical Sodomites in the Southern Netherlands
		4 Sodomy and the Reformation
		5 The Sodomy Trials of 1578
		6 Tridentine Reforms and Same-Sex Desires
		7 Conclusion
	6 Foreign Sodomy
		1 Introduction
		2 Discursive Constructions of Sodomy
		3 Migration in the Southern Netherlands
		4 Migrant Sodomites in the Southern Netherlands
		5 Conclusion
	7 Female Sodomy
		1 Introduction
		2 Female Sodomy in Theological and Legal Traditions
		3 Female Sodomy Prosecution in the Southern Netherlands
		4 Female Visibility as an Explanation?
		5 Conclusion
	Part 3: Urban Discourses
	8 Sodomy, Gossip, and Defamation
		1 Introduction
		2 Rumors and Gossip in the Early Modern City
		3 Gossiping about Sodomy
		4 Suspicious Communities or Severe Authorities?
		5 Conclusion
	9 Sodomy, Religious Conflict, and Urban Memory
		1 Introduction
		2 Anti-monasticism and the Ghent Sodomy Trial of 1578
		3 Catholic Rehabilitation in City-Chronicles
		4 Sodomy and Urban Memory
		5 Conclusion
	10 Sodomy, Witchcraft, and Public Discourse
		1 Introduction
		2 The Remarkable Romance of Mayken and Magdaleene
		3 Female Sodomy in Seventeenth-Century Europe
		4 Female Sodomy and Hermaphrodites
		5 Sodomy and Witchcraft
		6 Conclusion
	Conclusion
	Appendix Chronological Overview per City
	Bibliography
		Primary Sources
			Belgium
				National Archives of Belgium
				State Archives Bruges
				State Archives Brussels
				State Archives Ghent
				State Archives Liège
				State Archives Mons
				State Archives Namur
				City Archives Antwerp (Felixarchief)
				City Archives Bruges
				City Archives Brussels
				City Archives Ghent
				City Archives Leuven
				City Archives Mechelen
				City Archives Oudenaarde
				Archiepiscopal Archives Mechelen
				Episcopal Archives Bruges
				Archives of Saint Bavo’s Cathedral Ghent
				Ghent University Library
				Royal Library of Belgium
				Henri Conscience Heritage Library
				Archives of the Public Center for Social Welfare Bruges
			France
				Archives départementales du Nord
				Série B
				Médiathèque Municipale Jean Lévy Lille
				Bibliothèque nationale de France
			The Netherlands
				Royal Library The Hague
			Austria
				National Library of Austria
		Printed Sources
		Inventories and Catalogues
		Literature
	Index