Citizen Science: Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright information
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of contributors
1. Innovation in open science, society and policy – setting the agenda for citizen science
	Background
	Citizen science contributions to policy
	Citizen science and societal relevance
	Open science and citizen science
	Scope of this volume
	Structure and content of this volume
	Outlook
Part I. Innovation in citizen science – setting the scene
	2. Ten principles of citizen science
		Introduction
		Developing the Ten Principles of Citizen Science
		Global impact of the Ten Principles of Citizen Science
		Implementing the Ten Principles of Citizen Science: Successes and challenges
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
	3. Scientific impacts and innovations of citizen science
		Introduction
		Citizen science as a distinct means of research
		Citizen science innovations across disciplines
		Transferring innovations to advance work across disciplines
		Conclusion: Implications for citizen scienceas a field of practice
	4. Participatory citizen science
		Introduction
		Citizen science participation and levels of education
		Citizen science and participation inequality
		Knowledge and engagement in citizen science
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
	5. Technology infrastructure for citizen science
		Introduction
		What is citizen science infrastructure?
		Citizen science and IT infrastructure – a natural partnership
		Best practice solutions
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
	6. Evaluating citizen science: Towards an open framework
		Introduction
		Citizen science evaluation
		Developing evaluation criteria for citizen science
		Citizen science evaluation framework
		Discussion of the evaluation framework and its applicability
		Conclusions
Part II. Innovation in science with and for society
	7. Watching or being watched: Enhancing productive discussion between the citizen sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities
		Introduction
		Current research on citizen science
		Perspectives from Science and Technology Studies
		Citizen science studies session at the ECSA conference
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
	8. The value of indigenous and local knowledge as citizen science
		Introduction
		Indigenous and local knowledge
		Comparing ILK and scientific methods
		Lessons for citizen science
		Conclusion: Implications for achieving management goals
		Acknowledgement
	9. Citizen engagement and collective intelligence for participatory digital social innovation
		Introduction
		Purposes and typologies of citizen engagement
		Methods and critical issues
		Online platforms
		Conclusions
		Notes
	10. Creative collaboration in citizen science and the evolution of ThinkCamps
		Introduction
		Science for all: The case for creative collaboration
		Growing science capital
		Creative collaboration events
		The ThinkCamp approach to creative collaboration
		Best practice recommendations for creative collaboration events
		Conclusion: Towards participatory democracy
	11. Integrating citizen science into university
		Introduction
		Citizen Science and universities
		Universities’ unique role in citizen science
		Projects at universities
		Nine challenges for universities
		Conclusion and outlook
Part IIa. Case studies
	12. Citizen science on the Chinese mainland
		Introduction
		Bird watching
		Plant classification
		Air quality monitoring
		Water quality monitoring
		Computing for Clean Water
		Soundscape evaluation
	13. The European citizen science landscape – a snapshot
		Geographical scale of projects
		Project focus and leadership
		Level of engagement
		Outputs and funding
		Challenges and added value
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
	14. Stakeholder engagement in water quality research: A case study based on the Citclops and MONOCLE projects
		Impact, policy and governance
		Engaging stakeholders from citizen volunteers to decision-makers
		About the Citclops and MONOCLE citizen science projects
		Stakeholder mapping in Citclops
		Stakeholder engagement in Citclops
		Conclusions and recommendations
		Acknowledgements
	15. Global mosquito alert
		The problem of disease-vector mosquitoes
		Citizen science as a scalable and flexible solution
		Global Mosquito Alert
		Looking forward
Part III. Innovation at the science-policy interface
	16. Citizen science for policy formulation and implementation
		Introduction
		Potential citizen science contributions to policy
		Challenges for citizen science–based policy
		Participatory models to inform policy-making
		Conclusion: strategies and recommendations
		Acknowledgements
		Notes
	17. Citizen science and Responsible Research and Innovation
		Introduction: Responsible Research and Innovation
		Overlaps with citizen science
		Developing responsible citizen science – and responsible science
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
	18. Conservation outcomes of citizen science
		Introduction
		Defining conservation outcomes for citizen science
		Comparative citizen science contributions to conservation
		Improving citizen science contributions to conservation
		Conclusions
	19. Capacity building in citizen science
		Introduction
		Socientize: White Paper on Citizen Science for Europe
		Österreich forscht: Development of citizen science in Austria
		GEWISS: Developing a citizen science strategy for Germany
		From experiences to principles of capacity building in citizen science
		Lessons learned from capacity building in citizen science in Europe
		Final remarks
		Acknowledgements
	20. Citizen science in environmental protection agencies
		Introduction
		Citizen science and community science
		Uses of citizen science by EPAs
		Empowering action by communities
		Monitoring and data collection
		Influencing decision-making and policy
		Advantages and challenges
		Data management and infrastructure support
		Communication of data quality
		Sensor development
		Communication with citizen science data providers
		Integrating citizen science into the work of the agency
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
Part IV. Innovation in technology and environmental monitoring
	21. Citizen science technologies and new opportunities for participation
		Introduction
		Overview of citizen science technologies
		Practical and policy considerations
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
		Notes
	22. Maximising the impact and reuse of citizen science data
		Introduction
		Data contextualisation
		Data interoperability
		Data quality
		Data reuse
		Conclusions
	23. Enhancing national environmental monitoring through local citizen science
		Introduction
		From ad hoc citizen science to national measurement networks
		Collaboration with stakeholders and local initiatives
		Innovation for national EPAs
		Conclusion
		Appendix A
	24. Citizen science to monitor light pollution – a useful tool for studying human impacts on the environment
		Introduction
		Citizen science projects on ALAN
		Measuring ALAN with remote sensing tools
		Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation
		Limits and opportunities for citizen science research on ALAN
		Integrating citizen science in policy
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
Part V. Innovation in science communication and education
	25. Science for everybody? Bridging the socio-economic gap in urban biodiversity monitoring
		Introduction
		Social learning and transformative outcomes in citizen science
		Propage: Biodiversity for green space workers
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
	26. Learning and developing science capital through citizen science
		Introduction
		Science capital
		Science capital and volunteer demographics
		How and what volunteers learn
		Issues for the future
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
	27. Children and citizen science
		Introduction
		Why citizen science?
		Developing environmental citizenship
		Filling a regulatory and democratic gap
		Benefits for child citizen scientists
		Curriculum enhancement
		Participation, engagement and children’s voices
		Data quality, ethics and practical considerations
		Going forward
		Acknowledgements
		Notes
	28. Turning students into citizen scientists
		Introduction
		How and why to embed citizen science into schools
		LETS Study Leysin: An annual school-wide citizen science project
		Today we were scientists: Students recount their experiences during LETS Day
		Roadmap to starting a citizen science programme at school
		Conclusion
	29. Citizen science and the role of natural history museums
		Introduction
		Supporting the development of amateur-expert naturalists
		Hosting biological recording schemes and developing species monitoring projects
		Museum-led BioBlitzes
		Digital technology–mediated citizen science
		Discussion
		Factors that influence the role and success of citizen science within NHMs
		Challenges
		The future of NHM citizen science
	30. Stories can change the world – citizen science communication in practice
		Introduction
		Changing paradigm in science communication
		Science-media exchanges and co-operation
		Connecting policy and citizen engagement
		Connecting and saving worlds
		Storytelling and visualisation – tools touching the brain
		Clash of two worlds – challenges in citizen science communication
		Conclusions
	Conclusions
		31. Citizen science to foster innovation in open science, society and policy
			Innovation in science
			Recommendations for enhancing impact in science
			Innovation with and for society
			Recommendations for enhancing impact with and for society
			Innovation at the science-policy interface
			Recommendations for enhancing impact at the science-policy interface
			Innovation in technology and environmental monitoring
			Recommendations for enhancing impact through harnessing advances in technology
			Innovation in science communication, education and higher education
			Recommendations for enhancing impact in science communication, education and higher education
			Innovation in organisational and institutional aspects and development of good practice
			Recommendations for enhancing impact through promoting good practice
			Outlook
References
Index
Back-cover