Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism

Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism......Page 2
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 10
1— Introduction......Page 12
Notes......Page 27
Glossary......Page 30
2— A General Statement on Neo-Confucianism......Page 32
Glossary......Page 36
3— Chu Hsi's Contribution to Confucian Learning and the Flaws in His Theoretical Thinking......Page 37
Glossary......Page 41
4— A Historical Perspective on Chu Hsi's Learning......Page 43
Glossary......Page 52
Special Characteristics of Sung-Ming Neo-Confucianism......Page 54
What Chu Hsi Inherited from Ch'eng I......Page 56
The Ch'eng Brothers' Human World That Stretches on the Same Plane......Page 59
Chu Hsi's Human World That Unites the World beyond and This World......Page 61
The Implications of Ch'eng I's World of One Level and Chu Hsi's World of Two Levels......Page 63
Some Clues to Move Away from Metaphysical Speculation in Chu Hsi's Thought......Page 65
Notes......Page 66
Glossary......Page 68
Introduction......Page 69
On Substance......Page 72
Principle and Material Force......Page 75
The Principle of Perpetual Renewal of Life......Page 81
The Metaphysical Basis of Morality......Page 84
Conclusion......Page 86
Notes......Page 87
Glossary......Page 89
The Great Ultimate (T'ai-chi)......Page 90
Heaven (T'ien)......Page 98
Conclusion......Page 100
Notes......Page 101
Glossary......Page 103
8— On Chu Hsi's Theory of the Great Ultimate......Page 104
Chu Hsi's Description of the Great Ultimate......Page 105
Substance and Function in Chu Hsi's Philosophy......Page 110
Chu Hsi's Theory of Principle......Page 115
Conclusion......Page 121
Notes......Page 123
Glossary......Page 125
The Principle of Heaven......Page 127
Principle Is One but Its Manifestations Are Many......Page 131
Movement of Transformation and Nourishment......Page 133
No Starting Point for Activity and Tranquillity and No Beginning for Yin and Yang......Page 136
The Nature of Man and the Nature of Things......Page 140
Expansion of Zhang Zai's Nature of Heaven and Physical Nature......Page 142
Notes......Page 146
Glossary......Page 148
10— What Was New in the Ch'eng-Chu Theory of Human Nature?......Page 149
Objectivizing, Western......Page 162
Subjectivizing, Chinese......Page 163
Notes......Page 165
Glossary......Page 167
The Ground-providing Principle......Page 169
Nature......Page 172
Man......Page 174
Notes......Page 177
Glossary......Page 179
Significance and Methodology of "Investigating Things"......Page 180
Methodology of "Immersive Nourishing" and "Mind-mastering"......Page 190
Concluding Remarks......Page 198
Notes......Page 203
Glossary......Page 206
I......Page 208
II......Page 209
III......Page 212
IV......Page 214
Notes......Page 219
Glossary......Page 221
14— Chu Hsi's "Treatise on Jen"......Page 223
Notes......Page 235
Glossary......Page 238
Moral Nature Versus Inquiry and Study......Page 239
Self-cultivation Versus Extension of Knowledge—Struggle with Ch'eng I's Formula......Page 241
The Role of Book-learning......Page 244
Interpretation and Objectivity—Chu Hsi's Neo-Confucian Hermeneutics......Page 248
Knowledge As the Foundation of Morality—A Philosophical Overview......Page 252
Notes......Page 259
Glossary......Page 264
16— Chu Hsi on the Standard and the Expedient......Page 266
The Standard and the Expedient......Page 267
The Expedient, Righteousness, and Timely Equilibrium......Page 270
Practicing the Expedient......Page 273
Conclusion......Page 278
Notes......Page 280
Glossary......Page 282
17— Chu Hsi on Personal Cultivation......Page 284
The Background: Chu Hsi on Human Nature......Page 285
Emotions As Good......Page 288
Emotions As Neutral......Page 289
The Doctrine of Reverence......Page 291
The Role of Meditation......Page 293
Extending Knowledge......Page 295
Conclusion......Page 298
Notes......Page 299
Glossary......Page 302
I......Page 303
II......Page 306
III......Page 311
Notes......Page 319
Glossary......Page 321
Contents of the Discipline of Propriety of Chu Hsi......Page 323
Chu Hsi's Works on the Discipline of Propriety......Page 326
Evaluation of Chu Hsi's "Discipline of Propriety"......Page 330
Notes......Page 343
Glossary......Page 346
Chu Hsi's Theory of Prose......Page 348
Chu Hsi's Theory of Poetry......Page 354
Conclusion......Page 361
Notes......Page 362
Glossary......Page 364
Sociocultural Conditioning of Chinese Religion......Page 366
Chinese Philosophy and Chinese Religion......Page 369
Analysis of Chu Hsi's Theoretical System......Page 373
Chu Hsi and New China......Page 380
Notes......Page 385
Glossary......Page 387
22— Chu Hsi on Buddhism......Page 388
Notes......Page 414
Glossary......Page 418
23— Chu Hsi and His World......Page 419
Notes......Page 442
Glossary......Page 446
24— The Problem of Orthodoxy in Chu Hsi's Philosophy......Page 448
Notes......Page 466
Glossary......Page 470
The Philosophical Development of the Three Forerunners of Northern Sung......Page 472
Change of Direction......Page 473
The Relation of Chu Hsi to Northern Sung Confucianists......Page 474
The Relation between Chu Hsi and the Early Fukien School......Page 477
Chu Hsi and the Hu-Hsiang School and Their Approaches to Moral Practice......Page 478
The Contention between Chu Hsi and Lu Hsiang-shan......Page 481
Honoring Moral Nature and Following the Path of Inquiry and Study......Page 482
Successes and Limitations......Page 483
The Modern Significance of Chu Hsi's Philosophy......Page 485
Notes......Page 487
Glossary......Page 490
The Hunan School......Page 491
Early Contacts between Chu Hsi and Hunan Scholars......Page 493
The Methodology of Self-Cultivation......Page 494
The Nature and the Mind/Heart......Page 497
Chu Hsi......Page 502
Notes......Page 508
Glossary......Page 512
The Founding of the School of Chu Hsi......Page 514
Ts'ai Yüan-ting and Ts'ai Ch'en......Page 519
Ch'en P'u[sup(bu)] and Hsiung Ho......Page 520
Principles of Neo-Confucianism......Page 521
Rejection of Utilitarianism in Politics......Page 522
Priority of Morality over Technique in Learning......Page 523
Sharp Demarcation between the Chinese and the Foreigner......Page 525
Notes......Page 527
Glossary......Page 530
28— Chu Hsi's Influence in Yüan Times......Page 532
The Promulgation of Chu Hsi's Teaching......Page 533
The Restoration of the Civil Examinations......Page 537
Hsiao-hsüeh and the Four Books......Page 541
"Putting Things into Practice" and "Many Manifestations of Principle"......Page 544
Revision and Reconciliation......Page 550
Notes......Page 553
Glossary......Page 558
I......Page 562
II......Page 565
III......Page 572
IV......Page 576
Notes......Page 578
Glossary......Page 580
I......Page 581
II......Page 582
III......Page 583
IV......Page 585
V......Page 586
VI......Page 589
VII......Page 591
VIII......Page 592
Notes......Page 593
Glossary......Page 594
The Tradition of the Way......Page 595
The Principle of Learning......Page 597
Notes......Page 603
Glossary......Page 604
Appendix A— Biography of Chu Hsi......Page 606
Glossary......Page 612
Panelists......Page 613
Fellows......Page 619
Observers......Page 621
Corporations......Page 623
Foundations......Page 624
B......Page 625
C......Page 626
D......Page 632
F......Page 633
H......Page 635
J......Page 638
K......Page 639
L......Page 640
M......Page 642
N......Page 643
P......Page 644
S......Page 645
T......Page 648
W......Page 651
Y......Page 652
Z......Page 654