Chronicles of Qalāwūn and his son al-Ashraf Khalīl

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of maps
Acknowledgments
Maps
Introduction
	Late Crusader period: Qalāwūn and al-Malik al-Ashraf
	Historical context: East and West
	Qalāwūn and Ibn `Abd Ẓāhir: Pharaoh and panegyrist
	Al-Ashraf and the historians
	Other historical and literary works covering this period
	What we can learn from the chronicles, and what is obscure
	Texts translated here and their sources
	A note on names and transliterations
Text 1 (A) Tashrif Al-ayyam Wa-l-`u.ur Fi Sirat Al-malik Al-man.ur
	Text […]
	Mention of Abagha’s perishing, and the dominion’s
passing to Tegűder, called Aḥmad [3]
	Among them what belongs to the wives [of the Khan] …
	Mention of our master the Sultan al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ’s dowry
	The king of the Georgians is arrested, and victory over him, with the power of God
	Mention of our master the Sultan’s going, him with his children and all of his armies, to al-Buḥayra, to dig the canal known as al-Ṭīriyya. This was to develop the lands and to make them beneficial
	Mention of the conquest of the castle of Qaṭīnā from the
hand of the abandoned enemy
	Mention of the conquest of the border-fortress of al-Kakhtā and
rescuing it from the unbelievers’ hands
	Mention of raiding in the lands of Sīs [Armenia] from
the direction of the Aleppan realm and what happened as a result
	Mention of the victorious army going in the direction of Kerak to besiege it
	The Truce of Acre
	Mention of our master the Sultan’s going to the protected Syrian lands during this year
	Mention of the interest in the scribal letters of our master al-Malik al-Ashraf, son of our master the Sultan
	Mention of the conquest of Tunis by the insignia of our master the Sultan and his noble name
	Mention of the jurisprudents’ presence …
	Mention of the al-Ḥadath nobleman’s (biṭrik) arrest
in the land of Tripoli
	Mention of what God did concerning the ruler of Cyprus …
	Mention of the arrival of the Shaykh `Abd al-Raḥmān …
	Mention of the Indian messengers’ presence at the gates of our master the Sultan
	Mention of our master the Sultan al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ
and the heir-apparent al-Malik al-Ashraf’s departure
to hunt and his wrestling with a stork
	Mention of the death of Michael Lascaris [sic!] and his son’s accession after him
	Mention of preparing envoys for the ships in the sea on 2 Muḥarram [March 21, 1284]
	Mention of the initiative to renovate the felicitous
al-Manṣūrī Hospital, the madrasa, and the noble
cupola in Cairo, bayn al-qaṣrayn
	Mention of what God did this year to the enemies of Islam, namely the Franks and the Mongols
	As for the Franks …
	As for the Mongols …
	Mention of the Aleppan armies’ going towards al-Tini, and the victory that God ordained for them
	Mention of our master the Sultan’s departure during this year to protected Syria
	Text of the document sent at the hand of the
Shaykh `Abd al-Raḥmān and Ṣamadāghū
	Mention of the incidence of flooding that reached protected Damascus, and the preservation of inhabited storehouses from it
	Mention of the ruler of Ḥamāh’s death, and our
master the Sultan’s treating his children well
	Aid and enlivening conversation
	Mention of the conquest of Marqab fortress
	Poems
	Mention of some reports about Marqab fortress
	Mention of taking Maraqiyya/Maraclea and its fortress, and razing it
	Its description
	Mention of his renewing appointments after that …
	Among that was the handing over of the fortress of
Balāṭinus and reclaiming it
	Among that was the peace with Takfūr [Leon III], ruler of Sīs
	The copy of the truce and the oath
	Mention of the new things from this year
	Of this victory
	Of what was new
	Mention of our master, may God aid him, the Sultan’s return to the capital of his realm
	Mention of a positive initiative benefiting all the people
	Mention of messengers from the Yemen being present at the gates of our master the Sultan
	Mention of the greatest mercy for the creatures among all blessings
	Manner of acting: Sanctity upheld and judged by the highest ambition
	Year 685 [February 27, 1286]: mention of the commander Ḥusām
al-Dīn Ṭurunṭāy, the sultan’s governor’s, departure for
Kerak, handing it over, and the presenting of those
in it [to the Sultan]
	Mention of our master the Sultan’s settling in Cairo
	What the owned-one (What the owned-one (mamlūk) arranged on this subject
	Mention of the raiding against Mosul and its regions
	Mention of our master the Sultan’s movement towards Syria, and his going to protected Kerak
	Mention of the ruler of Cyprus being present in Acre, and his taking over it, as well as the sending of his envoys to the sultan
	Mention of the blessed Nile flood during 23 masrā
[August 23, 1286] and concerning the blessed Nile
	Mention of the kings’ messengers being present
	Mention of the Ḥijāz caravan’s preparation
	Mention of the victorious armies’ movement
	Then began the year 686 [Febuary 16, 1287].
Mention of besieging Ṣahyūn
	Mention of Burziyya’s fortress’ conquest
	As for Ṣahyūn …
	Mention of Latakia’s tower’s conquest
	Mention of something connected with the Nubian kings
	Mention of the peace between the king of Aragon, the Barcelonan, his brother the ruler of Sicily, and our master the Sultan
	Text of the treaty
	Mention of the peace (ṣulḥ) with the Genoans
	Mention of the Ethiopian messengers’ arrival at the gates of our master the Sultan
	Arabic translation of the letter and the Ethiopian response
	Mention of the Tunisian envoy from the west being present
	Mention of the commander `Alam al-Dīn Sanjar’s being
saved and well-treated
	Mention of movement towards protected Syria
Text 1 (B) Al-al.af Al-khafiyya Min Al-sira Al-sharifa Al-sul.aniyya Al-malikiyya Al- Ashrafiyya (selections)
	Text
	Mention of new matters with regard to the [Seljuq] Rūm,
and the presence of his traveling emirs and senior
commanders in hearing and obedience
	Mention of the obedience of the emir Najm al-Dīn Abi Numay
together with his achieving the noble sultanic favor
	Mention of his giving ownership of al-Subayba castle to the
emir Badr al-Dīn Baydara al-Ashrafī, the noble Sultanic deputy
	Mention of the would-be king of Nubia’s gifts that were
accompanied by his brother named al-Barsī, and Jurays,
the deputy in the lands of horses
	Mention of the Venetians’ envoys being present
	Mention of all the new events in the land of the enemy
	Mention of matters connected with the ruler of Sīs
	Mention of the presence of a delegation from
al-Raḥba and other places
	Mention of the Ḥijāz caravan
	Mention of the interest in the boats’ affairs at
al-Manṣūra and exercising them
Text 2 Text of A Treaty Betweenal-ashraf And Jaime Iiof Aragon
Text 3 Al-fa.l Al-ma’thur Fi Sirat Al-malik Al-man.ur (selections)
	Mention of the beginning of his rule
	Mention of the issues of the Franks in Marqab and Tripoli and the truce with them
	Mention of the truce with Syrian Tripoli
	Mention of the reason for that
	Mention of the issue of the truce with Acre
	Mention of our master the Sultan appointing his son,
al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ `Alā’ al-Dīn, to the sultanate
	Mention of how the days valued our master
this Sultan al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ
	Mention of how our master the Sultan left a school and a hospital in protected Cairo
	Mention of the matter of this school and what happened as to its construction
	Mention of a great […] removed by our master the Sultan
	Mention of what he granted as well
	Mention of our master the Sultan’s reluctance to spill blood
	Mention of some of our master the Sultan’s stable leadership
	Mention of […] our master the Sultan of what was of general benefit
	Mention of what was decided about Acre after the truce
Text 4 (A) Zubdat Al-fikra Fi Ta’rikh Al-hijra
	Mention of the regime of the Sultan al-Malik al-Manṣūr Sayf al-Dīn
Qalāwūn al-Ṣāliḥī, who was made a slave (al-makhdūm)
	Mention of his description, his ethnicity and upbringing
	Mention of what he intended at his enthronement in his council
	Mention of the revolt of Shams al-Dīn Sunqur al-ashqar in Syria
	Mention of the taking of al-Shawbak from the
hands of al-Malik al-Sa`īd
	Mention of the death of al-Malik al-Sa`īd in Kerak during this year,
and his brother Najm al-Dīn Khiḍr taking his place
	Year 679 [1280]: Mention of the Egyptian armies’
meeting Sunqur al-ashqar’s army
	Mention of Shams al-Dīn Sunqur al-ashqar’s defeat and retreat
	Mention of Sunqur al-ashqar taking refuge in Ṣahyūn and fortifying it
	Mention of the delegation of the sultanate and the [appointment as]
heir-apparent to al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ `Alā’ al-Dīn Abū al-Fatḥ `Alī
	Mention of the Sultan proceeding to Gaza and his return from it
	Mention of the Sultan proceeding a second time to Syria
	Year 680 [1281] Mention of the renewal of the truce with the Franks and the House of the Hospitallers
	Mention of the incident of Sayf al-Dīn Kūndak and those with him
	Mention of the agreement that was arranged between
the Sultan and Sunqur al-ashqar
	Mention of the peace with al-Mas`ūd son of
al-Ẓāhir with regards to Kerak
	Mention of the Tatars’ arrival in the lands and their assault upon them
	Mention of the battle with the Tatars over Ḥimṣ, and their defeat
on Thursday 14 Rajab year 680 [October 29, 1281]
	Mention of the lines composed concerning these raids
	Mention of the truces that were established with the Franks, according to what will be mentioned
	Mention of the death of Mengű Teműr, son of
Hűlegű, during the above year
	Year 681: Mention of the victorious Islamic armies’ raiding towards the eastlands and towards [Seljuq] Rum]
	Mention of the death of Abagha son of Hűlegű,
king of the Tatars by poison
	Mention of the ascension to kingship of Tegűder son of Hűlegű,
who was nicknamed Aḥmad Sultan
	Mention of the death of Mengű Teműr son of Toqoqan (Țaghān)
son of Bāṭū son of Joshi Khan son of Genghis Khan,
king of the Tatars in the northlands
	Mention of the reign of Töde Mengű son of Toqoqan (Țaghān)
son of Bāṭū son of Joshi Khan son of Genghis Khan in
the northlands in the year 681 [1282]
	Mention of the marriage between al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ and the daughter
of the emir Sayf al-Dīn Nogai son of Bayān son of Qaṭghān
	Mention of the Sultan’s marriage night with the daughter of Suktāy
son of Qarājīn son of Janghān Nuyan during this year
	Mention of the renewal of the truce with the House of the Templars on the coast
	Mention of the victory over the king of the Georgians and arresting him
	Year 682 [1283]
	Mention of the Sultan’s proceeding to Syria and his return
	Mention of al-Malik al-Ashraf’s marriage to the
daughter of the emir Sayf al-Dīn Nogai
	Mention of the conquest of Tūnis with the
Sultan’s insignia and his name
	Mention of the arrival of Abū Bakbā, the king of Ceylon’s, envoy
	Mention of the lands and stops that the envoy from
Ceylon described to Baghdad
	Mention of a battle whose occurance was confirmed between
Aḥmad Sultan, sitting king of the Tatars, among the house of
Hűlegű, and Arghun his nephew during this year
	Mention of the killing of Tegūder, named
Aḥmad Sultan, son of Hűlegű
	Mention of Sultan Ghiyāth al-Dīn Kaykhusraw son of Rukn
al-Dīn Qilij Arslān, ruler of [Seljuq] Rūm being killed
	Mention of the Sultan’s proceeding to protected Syria
	Text of the second letter arriving from Sultan Aḥmad
	Mention of the conquest of Qaṭīnā fortress, and snatching
it from the hand of the abandoned enemy
	Mention of the conquest of the border fortress of al-Kakhtā
and saving it from the unbelievers
	Mention of the narrative of the flood that happened in Damascus this year
	Mention of the death of al-Malik al-Manṣūr, ruler of Ḥamāh
	Mention of the text of the noble proclamation speech written by the
judge Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn `Abd al-Ẓāhir in his handwriting
	Year 683 [1284]
	Mention of the blessed marching band proclamation
	Year 684: Mention of the birth of Sultan al-Malik al-Nāṣir Nāṣir
al-Dīn Muḥammad son of the Sultan in this blessed year
	Mention of the conquest of Marqab fortress and overpowering it
	Mention of the death of Ya`qūb b. Yūsuf al-Marīnī
	Mention of his son Abū Ya`qūb Yūsuf being enthroned in his place
	Year 685 [1286] Mention of the return of Kerak from [the possession
of] the sons of al-Malik al-Ẓāhir, their departure from it, and their
presenting themselves at the sultanic gates, at the hand of the
emir Ḥusām al-Dīn Țurunṭāy al-Manṣūrī, deputy sultan
	Mention of the proclamation’s text, may God increase its nobility
	Year 686 [1287] Mention of Ṣahyūn’s being handed over by Sunqur
al-ashqar and his presenting himself
	Mention of the abdication of Töde Mengű son of Toqoqan
(Țaghān) son of Bāṭū son of Joshi Khan son of Genghis
Khan from the kingdom in the northlands
	Mention of Töle Buqa son of Mengű Teműr115 son of
Toqoqan (Țaghān) son of Joshi Khan son of Genghis Khan
becoming king in the northlands, on the seat of Berke,
and his going to the land of Keral, raiding it
	Mention of the Nubian raid at this point
	Year 687 [1288] Mention of the battle that was between Qubilai Khan and Qaidu
	Mention of Badr al-Dīn Baydarā’s appointment to the ministership
	Mention of al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ’s, the Sultan’s son, death
	Year 688 [1289] Mention of the Sultan’s going to protected Syria
	Mention of the conquest of Syrian Tripoli from the hands of the
Franks through the sword of our master the Sultan al-Malik
al-Manṣūr Sayf al-Islām on Tuesday 4 Rabī` al-Ākhira
of this year [April 27, 1289]
	Mention of the death of Qubilai Khan son of Tului
son of Dūshā son of Genghis Khan
	Mention of the realm of Sharmūn son of Qubilai Khan son
of Tului son of Dūshā son of Genghis Khan
	Year 689 [1290] Mention of the Sultan’s departure, determined to raid Acre
	Mention of the death of the martyr al-Malik al-Manṣūr,
may God sanctify his spirit, and enlighten his tomb
	Mention of the rule of Sultan al-Malik al-Ashraf Ṣalāḥ
al-Dīn Khalīl son of the Sultan al-Malik al-Manṣūr
	Mention of those who had the rank of emir in the Egyptian homelands
	Those who governed the Syrian realms, who took its reigns and are responsible for its order
	Mention of the arrest of emir Ḥusām al-Dīn Țurunṭāy and his death
	Mention of delegation of the deputy sultanate
to emir Badr al-Dīn Baydarā
	Mention of his delegation of the ministership to Shams al-Dīn
Muḥammad b. al-Sal`ūs
	Year 690 [1291] Mention of the conquest of the city of
Acre—flattening it after it had been built up—on Friday 17
Jumādā al-Ākhira [June 17, 1291] of this year
	Mention of the conquest of the fortresses by which God pleasured the eyes
	Mention of his detaining the emir Ḥusām al-Dīn Lājīn al-silaḥdār
	Mention of the Sultan proceeding to protected Damascus and his return to the Egyptian homelands
	Mention of the death of Arghun son of Abagha son of Hűlegű,
and the establishment of Gaykhātū son of Abagha son of
Hűlegű son of Țului son of Genghis Khan as king of
the Tatars in the eastlands during this year
	Mention of the killing of Töle Buqa son of Țarbū son of Jūshī Khān
son of Genghis Khān, king of the Tatars in the northlands
	Mention of sending Najm al-Dīn Khiḍr and Badr al-Dīn Salāmish,
the two sons of al-Malik al-Ẓāhir, to Constantinople
	Year 691 [1292]
	Mention of the siege of Qal`at al-Rūm and conquering
it on 10 Rajab year 691 [June 27, 1292]
	Mention of seizing the emir Shams al-Dīn Sunqur al-ashqar and
doing away with him
	Year 692 [1292–3]
	Mention of the Sultan proceeding to Upper Egypt to take pleasure and to hunt
	Mention of the feast which had been arranged
and the interest in playing qabaq
	Mention of the attack of Țuqṭā upon those emirs who will be mentioned
	Year 693 [1293–4] Mention of the Sultan al-Malik al-Ashraf
proceeding to hunt, and his killing on 13 Muḥarram of
it [December 14, 1293]
Text 4 (B) Al-tu.fa Al-mulukiyya Fi Al-dawla Al-turkiyya
	Mention of the sultanate of the Sultan al-Malik al-Manṣūr Abū al-Mulūk Sword of this World and the Religion, Qalāwūn al-Ṣāliḥī al-Makhdūm (made into a servant), may God envelope him in favor, cause him to dwell in paradise, recompense him for the good he did for us, and make the foundations of his house [family] firm, strengthening the supports of his aid and building them up
Text 4 (C) Mukhtarat Al-akhbar: Ta’rikh Al-dawla Al-ayyubiyya Wa-dawlat Al-mamalik
	Al-Malik al-Manṣūr, Sayf al-Dīn, Qalāwūn
	Al-Malik al-Ashraf Ṣalāḥ al-Dunyā wa-l-Dīn Khalīl,
son of the Sultan al-Malik al-Manṣūr, Sayf al-Dīn,
Qalāwūn al-Ṣāliḥī
Glossary
Bibliography
Index