Child Health and Human Development Yearbook - 2008

CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT YEARBOOK-2008......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
Child Health and Human Development......Page 29
Abstract......Page 31
Introduction......Page 32
Assessment......Page 33
Therapeutic Intervention during Mealtime......Page 34
Appropriate Environment during Mealtime......Page 35
Practical Aspects around Mealtime......Page 38
Seating System......Page 41
The Human Environment......Page 42
The Food......Page 44
Food Utensils......Page 45
The Recommended Amount of Food per Serving......Page 47
Environmental Considerations......Page 48
Conclusions......Page 49
References......Page 50
Abstract......Page 53
Introduction......Page 54
Vision and Aims......Page 55
Aims of Holistic Practice......Page 56
Ethical Guidelines......Page 57
Ethics and Quality of Care......Page 58
Conclusions......Page 59
References......Page 60
Keywords:......Page 61
Introduction......Page 62
Developing a Shared Community Ethos and Principles......Page 63
Screening, Identification, and Assessment......Page 66
Interventions......Page 68
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 69
References......Page 71
Abstract......Page 75
Therapeutic Horseback Riding......Page 76
Benefits Commonly Attributed to Hippotherapy......Page 77
Balance, Posture, and Coordination......Page 78
Cognitive Function......Page 79
Emotional, Social and Psychological Aspects......Page 80
Fear of Movement......Page 81
Muscles Tension and Joints Range of Motion......Page 82
Osteoporosis/Osteopnia......Page 83
Skeletal Deformities......Page 84
Hippotherapy for Individuals with Rett Syndrome......Page 85
The Cuban National Riding Rehabilitation Center......Page 87
Clinical History......Page 88
References......Page 90
Abstract......Page 97
Introduction......Page 98
Methods......Page 99
Data Analysis......Page 100
Results......Page 101
Incidence and Clinic Utilization......Page 107
Injury Distribution......Page 108
Research Methodology......Page 109
References......Page 110
Abstract......Page 113
Introduction......Page 114
Methods......Page 115
Data Analysis......Page 116
Computer Ownership and Training......Page 117
Computer Knowledge......Page 118
Attitude towards Computing......Page 119
Discussion......Page 121
References......Page 123
Abstract......Page 125
Introduction......Page 126
Responses......Page 128
Discussion......Page 129
References......Page 130
Abstract......Page 133
Introduction......Page 134
Methods......Page 135
Hidden Abuse Deaths......Page 136
Results......Page 137
Ratios of Change 1974-6 Versus 2000-02......Page 139
Accidents and Adverse Events (AAE) (See Table 4)......Page 141
International Comparisons of Violent-Linked Deaths (See Table 6)......Page 142
Discussion......Page 144
Do Undetermined or AAE Contain Many Hidden Abuse Deaths?......Page 145
Conclusions......Page 146
References......Page 147
Section II: Environment and Mood......Page 149
Keywords:......Page 151
Introduction......Page 152
Diagnoses of Childhood Depression and Obesity......Page 153
Similarities in Clinical Presentation of Childhood Obesity and Depression......Page 154
Sedentary Behavior......Page 155
Appetite and Food Intake......Page 156
Obesity and Depression: Shared Underlying Pathway?......Page 158
Obesity and Depression: Developmental Trajectories......Page 160
Conclusions......Page 161
References......Page 162
Abstract......Page 169
Introduction......Page 170
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Asthma......Page 171
Pathophysiologic Connection between Asthma and Mood Disorders......Page 173
Asthma Pharmacotherapy and Effects on Mood Disorders......Page 175
Ongoing Research and Preliminary ClinicalImplications......Page 177
References......Page 178
Abstract......Page 183
Circadian Rhythms......Page 184
Light Is the Main Zeitgeber......Page 185
Pathophysiology of Jet Lag......Page 186
Light and Jet Lag Treatment......Page 187
Melatonin for Jet Lag......Page 188
Hypnotics......Page 189
Modafinil (Provigil)......Page 190
Discussion......Page 191
References......Page 193
Abstract......Page 195
Introduction......Page 196
Definition of Mindfulness......Page 197
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)......Page 198
Selection Criteria......Page 199
Results......Page 200
Randomized Controlled Trials......Page 207
Non-Randomized Studies......Page 208
Qualitative Studies......Page 211
Case Studies......Page 213
Patient Populations......Page 214
Conclusions......Page 216
References......Page 217
Abstract......Page 221
Dual Physiological-Psychological Vulnerabilityto SAD......Page 222
Evidence for Negative Cognitions in SAD......Page 223
Evidence for Behavioral Factors in SAD......Page 224
Why Apply Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to SAD?......Page 225
Why Is a Psychological Treatment for SAD Needed?......Page 226
Preliminary Efficacy Studies......Page 228
Conclusions and Directions......Page 230
References......Page 231
Prepartum Depressive SymptomsCorrelate Positively with C-ReactiveProtein Levels and Negatively withTryptophan Levels:A Preliminary Report......Page 235
Introduction......Page 236
Methods......Page 237
Procedure......Page 238
Depression Scores......Page 239
Inflammatory Markers......Page 240
Discussion......Page 241
Conclusions......Page 242
References......Page 243
Abstract......Page 247
Methods......Page 248
Statistical Analysis......Page 249
Discussion......Page 250
Acknowledgements......Page 253
References......Page 254
Abstract......Page 257
Temperature......Page 258
Dynamical Systems and Mood......Page 259
Subjects......Page 261
Procedure......Page 262
Local Linear Approximation of Derivatives......Page 263
Damped Linear Oscillator Model of Daily Mood......Page 264
Linear Oscillator Model of Mood Coupled to Weather......Page 268
Results......Page 269
Nomothetic Modeling Results......Page 271
Discussion of Nomothetic Results......Page 272
Ideographic Modeling Results......Page 273
Discussion of Ideographic Results......Page 274
Conclusions......Page 275
References......Page 277
Abstract......Page 283
Introduction......Page 284
Diagnosis......Page 285
Physiology of Pain......Page 286
Therapeutic Work......Page 288
Case Story......Page 291
Acknowledgements......Page 300
References......Page 301
Section III : Environment and Suicide......Page 303
Introduction......Page 305
Lithium Discontinuation Studies......Page 307
Antisuicical Efficacy of Lithium Compared to Anticonvulsants......Page 308
Evidence of an Independent Antisuicidal Effect......Page 309
Evidence against Lithium and Study Limitations......Page 310
Adverse Effects of Lithium......Page 311
Signaling Pathways Modulated by Lithium......Page 312
A Possible Target for the Antisuicidal Effects of Lithium......Page 314
References......Page 318
Keywords:......Page 329
Introduction......Page 330
Race......Page 331
Psychiatric Illnesses as Risk Factors......Page 332
Substance Abuse......Page 333
Psychological Risk Factors......Page 334
Short Term Facility......Page 335
Protocols to Address Risk for Suicidality in Confined Youth......Page 336
Screening Instruments......Page 337
Psychosocial Interventions......Page 338
Medication Treatment......Page 339
Discussion......Page 341
References......Page 344
Keywords:......Page 351
The Criminal Justice System......Page 352
The Problem of Symptom Self Reporting and Substance Induced Symptoms......Page 353
Comorbidity in the CJS Population......Page 355
Example 1:......Page 356
Adjustment Disorders and Environmental Stressors......Page 357
Mood Disorders and Treatment in the Criminal Justice System......Page 358
Suicide in CJS institutions......Page 359
Example 3:......Page 361
Conclusions......Page 362
References......Page 363
Keywords:......Page 367
Introduction......Page 368
Results......Page 370
Discussion......Page 371
References......Page 373
Abstract......Page 375
Introduction......Page 376
Methods......Page 377
General Studies of Adolescents and Suicide in the US......Page 378
African American Adolescents and Suicide......Page 380
Latino Adolescents and Suicide......Page 382
Asian Adolescents and Suicide......Page 385
Native American/Alaskan Native Adolescents and Suicide......Page 386
Native Hawaiian Adolescents and Suicide......Page 387
Discussion......Page 388
References......Page 389
Allergen Specific IgE: No Relationship with Prior History of Suicide Attempts and Instability in Patients with Recurrent Mood Disorders......Page 395
Introduction......Page 396
Methods......Page 398
Data Collection and Instruments......Page 399
Results......Page 400
Discussion......Page 401
References......Page 402
Abstract......Page 407
Introduction......Page 408
Resident Intruder Test......Page 409
Stress-Induced Aggressive-Like Behavior in Rats Allergic to Tree Pollen......Page 410
Discussion......Page 412
References......Page 413
Changes in Severity of Allergy andAnxiety Symptoms Are PositivelyCorrelated in Patients with RecurrentMood Disorders Who Are Exposed toSeasonal Peaks of Aeroallergens......Page 417
Introduction......Page 418
Methods......Page 419
Data Management and Analysis......Page 421
Results......Page 422
Discussion......Page 424
Acknowledgements......Page 426
References......Page 427
Section IV: Obesity and Adolescents......Page 431
Introduction......Page 433
Role of Sport Participation in Prevention and Treatment of Obesity......Page 434
Recommendations for Sports......Page 435
Conclusions......Page 437
References......Page 438
Introduction......Page 441
Obesity and Hypertension......Page 443
How Obesity Induces Hypertension?......Page 444
Treatment of Hypertension in Obese Adolescents......Page 446
Pharmacologic Therapy for Obese Hypertensive Adolescents......Page 447
Conclusions......Page 448
References......Page 449
Keywords:......Page 451
Pathophysiology......Page 452
Diagnostic Criteria......Page 453
Suggested Workup......Page 454
Lifestyle Modification......Page 455
Insulin-Sensitizing Agents......Page 456
Complementary and Alternative Medicine......Page 457
Conclusions......Page 458
References......Page 459
Introduction......Page 463
Bariatric Surgery......Page 464
Outcomes......Page 467
References......Page 468
Introduction......Page 471
Medical Conditions Associated with Obesity......Page 472
Disturbances of the Insulin and Glucose Metabolism......Page 473
Effect of Obesity on Other Endocrine AxesEffect of Obesity on Growth Axis......Page 474
Effect of Obesity on Parathyroid/Vitamin D Axis......Page 475
References......Page 476
Keywords:......Page 481
Ethiology......Page 482
Social Consequences of Obesity......Page 483
Psychological Aspects of Obesity......Page 484
Perceptions of Beauty......Page 485
Relationship between Overweight and Depression......Page 486
Controversies That Impact the Psychology of Obesity......Page 487
Conclusions......Page 488
References......Page 489
Introduction......Page 491
Depression......Page 493
Body Image......Page 494
Evaluation of Mental Health......Page 495
Suggestions for Mental Health Evaluation......Page 496
References......Page 498
Abstract......Page 503
Over-The Counter (OTC) Herbal Agents......Page 504
Noradrenergic Products......Page 505
Mixed Noradrehergic-Serotonergic Product......Page 506
Lipase Inhibitor......Page 507
Metformin......Page 508
Rimonabant......Page 509
Conclusions......Page 510
References......Page 511
Keywords:......Page 515
Epidemiology......Page 516
Clinical Features......Page 517
Assessment......Page 518
Treatment......Page 519
Medical Management......Page 521
Conclusions......Page 522
References......Page 523
Introduction......Page 525
Defining Sexuality......Page 527
Sexuality Development......Page 528
Self-Esteem and Sexuality......Page 530
Conclusions......Page 531
References......Page 532
Keywords:......Page 535
Introduction......Page 536
Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs)......Page 537
Ortho Evra Patch......Page 538
Cardiovascular Complications......Page 539
Migraine Headaches......Page 540
Other Conditions......Page 541
Emergency Contraceptives......Page 542
Intrauterine Device (IUD)......Page 543
References......Page 544
Introduction......Page 547
Nutritional Treatment......Page 550
References......Page 552
Introduction......Page 557
Current Research Perspectives......Page 558
Confluent and Reticulate Papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud......Page 559
Cushing’s Disease and Cushing’s Syndrome......Page 560
Bathing, Soaps and Cleansers......Page 561
Topical Corticosteroids......Page 562
Antibacterials and Antifungals......Page 563
Genetic Disorders Associated with Obesity......Page 564
References......Page 565
Keywords:......Page 567
Studies of Obesity in Persons with Intellectual Disability......Page 568
Studies of Obesity in Persons with Down Syndrome......Page 569
Conclusions......Page 570
References......Page 571
Abstract......Page 573
Physical Activity and Health......Page 574
Physical Activity, Health and Built Environments......Page 576
Equity in School Transportation......Page 577
Correlates of Walking and Biking to School......Page 578
Discussion......Page 582
References......Page 584
Abstract......Page 591
Introduction......Page 592
Procedures and Research Techniques......Page 593
Individual Factors......Page 594
Environmental Factors......Page 595
External Factors......Page 596
References......Page 597
Abstract......Page 599
Research Findings from Israel......Page 600
Israel Compared to Europe and the United States......Page 601
Health Related Quality of Life......Page 602
References......Page 603
About the Editor......Page 605
About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel (NICHD-IL)......Page 607
Index......Page 609