Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes

Contents......Page 2
Preface to Second Edition......Page 8
Preface to First Edition......Page 10
NATURAL GAS ( Non- associated and Associated Natural Gases)......Page 14
CRUDE OILS......Page 24
COAL, OIL SHALE, TAR SAND, AND GAS HYDRATES......Page 36
PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS......Page 42
OLEFINIC HYDROCARBONS......Page 45
THE DIENES......Page 49
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS......Page 50
LIQUID PETROLEUM FRACTIONS AND RESIDUES......Page 55
PHYSICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES......Page 62
CONVERSION PROCESSES......Page 67
PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS......Page 104
HYDROGEN......Page 124
SULFUR......Page 127
CARBON BLACK......Page 131
SYNTHESIS GAS......Page 134
NAPHTHENIC ACIDS......Page 143
CRESYLIC ACID......Page 144
5 Chemicals Based on Methane......Page 148
CHEMICALS BASED ON DIRECT REACTIONS OF METHANE......Page 149
CHEMICALS BASED ON SYNTHESIS GAS......Page 156
ETHANE CHEMICALS......Page 182
PROPANE CHEMICALS......Page 184
n-BUTANE CHEMICALS......Page 187
ISOBUTANE CHEMICALS......Page 193
NAPHTHA-BASED CHEMICALS......Page 194
7 Chemicals Based on Ethylene......Page 201
OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE......Page 202
CHLORINATION OF ETHYLENE......Page 214
HYDRATION OF ETHYLENE ( Ethanol Production)......Page 217
OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE......Page 218
ALKYLATION USING ETHYLENE......Page 223
8 Chemicals Based on Propylene......Page 226
OXIDATION OF PROPYLENE......Page 227
CHLORINATION OF PROPYLENE ( Allyl Chloride [ CH2= CHCH2Cl])......Page 239
HYDRATION OF PROPYLENE ( Isopropanol [ CH3CHOHCH3])......Page 240
HYDROFORMYLATION OF PROPYLENE: THE OXO REACTION ( Butyraldehydes)......Page 245
DISPROPORTIONATION OF PROPYLENE (Metathesis)......Page 247
ALKYLATION USING PROPYLENE......Page 248
CHEMICALS FROM n-BUTENES......Page 251
CHEMICALS FROM ISOBUTYLENE......Page 262
CHEMICALS FROM BUTADIENE......Page 268
REACTIONS AND CHEMICALS OF BENZENE......Page 275
REACTIONS AND CHEMICALS OF TOLUENE......Page 297
CHEMICALS FROM XYLENES......Page 307
11 Polymerization......Page 314
MONOMERS, POLYMERS, AND COPOLYMERS......Page 315
POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS......Page 316
CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION ( Step- Reaction Polymerization)......Page 325
POLYMERIZATION TECHNIQUES......Page 328
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS......Page 330
12 Synthetic Petroleum-Based Polymers......Page 336
THERMOPLASTICS AND ENGINEERING RESINS......Page 337
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS......Page 355
SYNTHETIC RUBBER......Page 363
SYNTHETIC FIBERS......Page 372
Conversion Factors......Page 387
Selected Properties of Hydrogen, Important C1-C10 Paraffins, Methylcyclopentane and Cyclohexane*......Page 389
Index......Page 391
About the Authors......Page 405