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از ساعت 7 صبح تا 10 شب
ویرایش: [2 ed.]
نویسندگان: Mrinal K. Bhattacharjee
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 3031075811, 9783031075810
ناشر: Springer
سال نشر: 2022
تعداد صفحات: 275
[276]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 16 Mb
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Chemistry of Antibiotics and Related Drugs به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب شیمی آنتی بیوتیک ها و داروهای مرتبط نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
این کتاب درسی مبتنی بر موفقیت نسخه قبلی است و استراتژیهای جایگزین برای کشف آنتیبیوتیکهای جدید ارائه میدهد. در مورد چگونگی عملکرد انواع مختلف آنتی بیوتیک ها و داروهای مرتبط برای درمان عفونت بحث می شود. سپس به این موضوع بسیار جدی می پردازد که چگونه باکتری ها در برابر این آنتی بیوتیک ها مقاوم می شوند. همچنین برنامه اقدام جهانی در مورد مقاومت ضد میکروبی از سوی سازمان بهداشت جهانی را پوشش می دهد و چندین برنامه نظارت بر آنتی بیوتیک را که توسط آژانس ها در سطوح محلی اتخاذ شده است، مورد بحث قرار می دهد.
مناسب برای یک دوره یک ترم در این کتاب چه در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد و چه در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد، مستقل است و به زبانی در دسترس نوشته شده است. این شامل تمام مواد بیوشیمی پس زمینه لازم و بحث در مورد آخرین پیشرفت ها در زمینه آنتی بیوتیک ها است. آثار پژوهشی اصلی اغلب مورد استناد قرار میگیرند و بر رویههای تجربی و تفسیر نتایج تأکید میشود.
This textbook builds on the success of the earlier edition, offering alternative strategies for discovering new antibiotics. It discusses how the various types of antibiotics and related drugs work to cure infections. Then it delves into the very serious matter of how bacteria are becoming resistant to these antibiotics. It also covers the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance from the World Health Organization and discusses several Antibiotic Stewardship Programs adopted by agencies at local levels.
Appropriate for a one-semester course at either the graduate or advanced undergraduate level, the book is self-contained and written in accessible language. It includes all necessary background biochemistry material and a discussion of the latest developments in the field of antibiotics. Original research works are frequently cited and experimental procedures and interpretation of results are emphasized.
Preface Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Antibiotics 1.1 Definition of Antibiotics 1.2 History of Antibiotics 1.3 The Ideal Antibiotic 1.4 Sources of Antibiotics 1.5 Discovery of Modern Antibiotics 1.6 Classification of Antibiotics 1.7 Background Biochemistry Information 1.7.1 Enzymes 1.7.2 Enzyme Inhibitors 1.7.3 Enzyme Mechanisms 1.7.4 Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways 1.7.5 Thermodynamics of Metabolic Pathways 1.7.6 High-Energy Compounds 1.7.7 Metabolically Irreversible and Near-Equilibrium Reactions 1.7.8 Membrane Transport References Chapter 2: Development of Resistance to Antibiotics 2.1 Antibiotics Are No Longer Considered to Be Miracle Drugs 2.2 Detection of Antibiotic Resistance 2.3 Classification of Antibiotic Resistance 2.4 Resistance Development by Point Mutations 2.5 Selection for Resistance 2.6 Resistance Development by Resistance Gene Acquisition 2.7 Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance 2.8 Synthetic Antibiotics 2.9 Alternative Approaches for Studying Antibiotics 2.10 Antibiotic Use in Animals 2.10.1 Therapeutic Use 2.10.2 Subtherapeutic Use 2.11 Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance Development References Chapter 3: Antibiotics That Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis 3.1 Background Biochemistry Information 3.1.1 Carbohydrates 3.1.2 Molecular Structure of Bacterial Cell Wall 3.2 Biosynthesis of Peptidoglycan of the Cell Wall 3.2.1 Stage 1: The Cytosolic Phase of Synthesis 3.2.2 Stage 2: The Membrane Phase of Synthesis 3.2.3 Stage 3: The Cell Wall Phase of Synthesis 3.3 Antibiotics That Inhibit Cell Wall Biosynthesis 3.3.1 Antibiotics Targeting the Cytosolic Phase of Synthesis 3.3.1.1 Fosfomycin 3.3.1.2 D-Cycloserine 3.3.2 Antibiotics Targeting the Cell Wall Phase of Synthesis 3.3.2.1 Penicillin 3.3.2.2 Cephalosporin 3.3.2.3 Mechanism of Action of Penicillin 3.3.2.4 Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics 3.3.2.5 β-Lactamase: An Enzyme That Inactivates β-Lactam Drugs 3.3.2.6 Mechanism of Action of β-Lactamases 3.3.2.7 β-Lactamase Inhibitors 3.3.2.8 Inhibitors of Metallo-β-Lactamases 3.3.2.9 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) 3.3.2.10 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 3.3.2.11 Unusual β-Lactams: Monobactams 3.3.2.12 Unusual β-Lactams: Carbapenems 3.3.3 Antibiotics Targeting the Membrane Phase of Synthesis 3.3.3.1 Bacitracin 3.3.3.2 Antibiotics That Inhibit Transglycosylation Reaction 3.3.3.3 Moenomycin 3.3.3.4 Lantibiotics: Mersacidin 3.3.3.5 Vancomycin 3.3.3.6 Mechanism of Action of Vancomycin 3.3.3.7 Resistance Development to Vancomycin 3.3.4 Teixobactin, A Newly Discovered Antibiotic References Chapter 4: Antimetabolites: Antibiotics That Inhibit Nucleotide Synthesis 4.1 Antimetabolites 4.2 Background Biochemistry Information: Folic Acid 4.3 Antibiotics That Inhibit Folate Metabolism 4.3.1 Sulfa Drugs 4.3.2 Mechanism of Action of Sulfonamides 4.3.3 Negative Aspects of Sulfonamides 4.3.4 Non-sulfonamide Antimetabolites of Folic Acid 4.3.5 Antimetabolites as Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) Inhibitors 4.3.6 Antimetabolites as Antibacterial, Antimalarial, and Anticancer Agents 4.3.6.1 Combination Antibiotics 4.3.7 Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor: 5-Fluorouracil 4.3.8 Other Antimetabolites: Azaserine and Diazo-Oxo-Norleucine References Chapter 5: Antibiotics That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis 5.1 Background Biochemistry Information 5.1.1 Structure of Nucleotides 5.1.2 Watson-Crick Model of DNA 5.1.3 Superhelical Structure of DNA 5.1.4 DNA Replication 5.2 Intercalators as Antibiotics 5.3 Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase: Quinolones 5.3.1 Mechanism of Resistance to Quinolones 5.4 Nitroheterocyclic Aromatic Compounds as Antibiotics 5.4.1 Nitroimidazoles: Antibiotics That Cleave DNA 5.4.2 Nitrofurans: Multiple Possible Mechanisms of Action 5.5 RNA Synthesis: Background Biochemistry Information 5.6 Rifamycins 5.7 Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin) 5.8 Fidaxomicin: A New Antibiotic with a New Target References Chapter 6: Antibiotics That Inhibit Protein Synthesis 6.1 Protein Synthesis: Background Biochemistry Information 6.2 Antibiotics That Inhibit Protein Synthesis 6.2.1 Puromycin 6.2.2 Aminoglycosides 6.2.3 Resistance to Aminoglycosides 6.2.4 Tetracyclines 6.2.5 Chloramphenicol 6.2.6 The MLS Group of Antibiotics 6.2.6.1 Macrolides 6.2.6.2 Lincosamides 6.2.6.3 Streptogramins 6.2.7 Two Truly New Antibiotics 6.2.7.1 Oxazolidinones 6.2.7.2 Pleuromutilins 6.2.8 Protein Synthesis Antibiotics with Unusual Mechanisms of Action 6.2.8.1 Thermorubin 6.2.8.2 Fusidic Acid 6.2.8.3 Mupirocin 6.2.8.4 Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors: Actinonin 6.2.8.5 Methionine Aminopeptidase Inhibitors References Chapter 7: Antibiotics That Affect the Membrane and Other Structural Targets 7.1 Background Biochemistry Information 7.1.1 Function of Biological Membranes 7.1.2 Composition of the Membrane 7.2 Inhibition of Bacterial Membrane Function 7.2.1 Antiseptics and Disinfectants That Disrupt Microbial Cell Membrane 7.2.2 Antibiotics that Function by Disrupting Microbial Cell Membrane 7.2.2.1 Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) 7.2.2.2 Gramicidins 7.2.2.3 Tyrocidine 7.2.2.4 Gramicidin S 7.2.2.5 Polymyxins and Colistins 7.2.2.6 Daptomycin 7.2.2.7 Other AMPs: Defensins, Magainins, Bacteriocins 7.2.2.8 Lantibiotics 7.3 Antibiotics Affecting Other Structural Targets 7.3.1 Triclosan, The Antibiotic That Inhibits Fatty Acid Synthesis 7.3.2 Isoniazid: Antibiotic Against Tuberculosis 7.3.3 Antibiotics Targeting FtsZ, The Cell Division Protein References Chapter 8: Antifungals, Antimalarials, and Antivirals 8.1 Antifungal Drugs: Antibiotics That Inhibit Growth of Fungi 8.1.1 Antibiotics That Bind to Ergosterol: Polyenes 8.1.2 Antibiotics That Inhibit Biosynthesis of Ergosterol 8.1.2.1 Azoles 8.1.2.2 Allylamines and Morpholines 8.1.3 Antibiotics That Inhibit Biosynthesis of Fungal Cell Wall 8.1.4 Flucytosine: Antimetabolite Antibiotic That Inhibits Fungal DNA and Protein Syntheses 8.1.5 Combination Therapy Against Fungal Infection 8.2 Antimalarial Drugs: Antibiotics That Inhibit Growth of Malarial Parasites 8.2.1 DDT the Most Well-Known Insecticide 8.2.2 Antimalarial Drugs: Quinine, Chloroquine, and Mefloquine 8.2.3 Antifolates as Antimalarial Antibiotics 8.2.4 Artemisinins 8.2.5 Quick Detection of Resistant Strains 8.3 Antiviral Drugs: Agents That Inhibit Multiplication and Spread of Viruses 8.3.1 Targets of Antiviral Antibiotics 8.3.2 Antivirals That Inhibit Entry and Uncoating of Viruses 8.3.3 Antivirals That Inhibit Synthesis of DNA or RNA of Viruses 8.3.4 Protease Inhibitors as Antiviral Drugs 8.3.5 Neuraminidase Inhibitors as Antiviral Drugs 8.3.6 Antiviral Drugs with Unusual Mechanisms of Action 8.3.6.1 Antisense Oligonucleotides 8.3.6.2 Interferons 8.3.7 Resistance Development Against Antiviral Drugs References Chapter 9: Alternative Approaches for Antibiotic Discovery 9.1 Drug Repurposing 9.1.1 Repurposing the Anticancer Drug YM155 9.1.2 Chloroquine 9.1.3 Teicoplanin 9.1.4 Remdesivir 9.2 Anti-virulence Approaches 9.2.1 Inhibition of Quorum Sensing 9.2.2 Inhibition of Biofilms 9.2.3 Bacterial Toxin Neutralization 9.2.4 Metal Ion Chelation 9.3 New Sources of Antibiotics 9.3.1 New Appropriate Methods for Antibiotic Discovery 9.3.2 Antibiotics from Plants 9.3.3 Antibiotics Against Persisters and Slow-Growing Bacteria 9.3.4 Nanoparticles as Antibiotics 9.4 Improving Delivery of Antibiotics 9.4.1 Steps to Increase Antibiotic Bioavailability 9.4.2 Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery 9.4.3 Antibiotics Against Intracellular Pathogens References Chapter 10: Global Action Plan and Antibiotic Stewardship 10.1 Global Action Plan 10.2 National Action Plans 10.2.1 National Action Plan of USA 10.2.2 National Action Plans of the European Commission 10.2.3 National Action Plan of China 10.2.4 National Action Plan of India 10.3 Antibiotic Stewardship Programs 10.3.1 Definition 10.3.2 Significance of Antibiotic Stewardship 10.3.3 Regulatory Agencies 10.3.4 Healthcare Providers 10.3.5 Farmers Use Antibiotics for Growth Promotion of Animals 10.3.6 Patients Have a Great Responsibility 10.3.7 Uncontrolled and Unlicensed Drug Formulations 10.3.8 Government Can Bring About the Fastest Changes 10.3.8.1 Cost Factor 10.3.8.2 Research Funding 10.3.9 Researchers Make the Greatest Contribution Towards Antibiotic Discovery 10.3.10 Print and Online News Media Have a Role to Play 10.4 Antibiotic Use in Dentistry 10.4.1 Antibiotics for Prophylaxis 10.4.2 Antibiotics for Toothache 10.4.3 Antibiotics Following Tooth Extraction 10.5 Vaccines Against Bacteria References Index