Chemistry in Focus: A Molecular View of Our World

Cover
About the Author
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Molecular Reasons
	1.1 Firesticks
	1.2 Molecular Reasons
	1.3 The Scientist and the Artist
	1.4 The First People to Wonder about Molecular Reasons
	1.5 Immortality and Endless Riches
	1.6 The Beginning of Modern Science
	1.7 The Classification of Matter
	1.8 The Properties of Matter
	1.9 The Development of the Atomic Theory
	1.10 The Nuclear Atom
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 2: The Chemist's Toolbox
	2.1 Curious about Oranges
	2.2 Measurement
	2.3 Scientific Notation
	2.4 Units in Measurement
	2.5 Converting between Units
	2.6 Reading Graphs
	2.7 Problem Solving
	2.8 Density: A Measure of Compactness
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 3: Atoms and Elements
	3.1 A Walk on the Beach
	3.2 Protons Determine the Element
	3.3 Electrons
	3.4 Neutrons
	3.5 Specifying an Atom
	3.6 Atomic Mass
	3.7 The Periodic Law
	3.8 A Theory That Explains the Periodic Law: The Bohr Model
	3.9 The Quantum Mechanical Model for the Atom
	3.10 Families of Elements
	3.11 A Dozen Nails and a Mole of Atoms
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 4: Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Reactions
	4.1 Molecules Cause the Behavior of Matter
	4.2 Chemical Compounds and Chemical Formulas
	4.3 Ionic and Molecular Compounds
	4.4 Naming Compounds
	4.5 Formula Mass and Molar Mass of Compounds
	4.6 Composition of Compounds: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
	4.7 Forming and Transforming Compounds: Chemical Reactions
	4.8 Reaction Stoichiometry: Chemical Equations as Conversion Factors
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 5: Chemical Bonding
	5.1 From Poison to Seasoning
	5.2 Chemical Bonding and Professor G. N. Lewis
	5.3 Ionic Lewis Structures
	5.4 Covalent Lewis Structures
	5.5 Chemical Bonding in Ozone
	5.6 The Shapes of Molecules
	5.7 Water: Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 6: Organic Chemistry
	6.1 Carbon
	6.2 A Vital Force
	6.3 The Simplest Organic Compounds: Hydrocarbons
	6.4 Isomers
	6.5 Naming Hydrocarbons
	6.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Kekule's Dream
	6.7 Functionalized Hydrocarbons
	6.8 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Pesticides and Solvents
	6.9 Alcohols: To Drink and to Disinfect
	6.10 Aldehydes and Ketones: Smoke and Raspberries
	6.11 Carboxylic Acids: Vinegar and Bee Stings
	6.12 Esters and Ethers: Fruit and Anesthesia
	6.13 Amines: The Smell of Rotten Fish
	6.14 A Look at a Label
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 7: Light and Color
	7.1 A New England Fall
	7.2 Light
	7.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
	7.4 Excited Electrons
	7.5 Identifying Molecules and Atoms with Light
	7.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Spectroscopy of the Human Body
	7.7 Lasers
	7.8 Lasers in Medicine
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 8: Nuclear Chemistry
	8.1 A Tragedy
	8.2 An Accidental Discovery
	8.3 Radioactivity
	8.4 Half-Life
	8.5 Nuclear Fission
	8.6 The Manhattan Project
	8.7 Nuclear Power
	8.8 Mass Defect and Nuclear Binding Energy
	8.9 Fusion
	8.10 The Effect of Radiation on Human Life
	8.11 Carbon Dating and the Shroud of Turin
	8.12 Uranium and the Age of Earth
	8.13 Nuclear Medicine
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 9: Energy for Today
	9.1 Molecules in Motion
	9.2 Our Absolute Reliance on Energy
	9.3 Energy and Its Transformations: You Cannot Get Something for Nothing
	9.4 Nature's Heat Tax: Energy Must Be Dispersed
	9.5 Units of Energy
	9.6 Temperature and Heat Capacity
	9.7 Chemistry and Energy
	9.8 Energy for Our Society
	9.9 Electricity from Fossil Fuels
	9.10 Smog
	9.11 Acid Rain
	9.12 Environmental Problems Associated with Fossil-Fuel Use: Global Warming
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 10: Energy for Tomorrow: Solar and Other Renewable Energy Sources
	10.1 Earth's Ultimate Energy Source: The Sun
	10.2 Hydroelectric Power: The World's Most Used Solar Energy Source
	10.3 Wind Power
	10.4 Concentrating Solar Power: Focusing and Storing the Sun
	10.5 Photovoltaic Energy: From Light to Electricity with No Moving Parts
	10.6 Energy Storage: The Plague of Solar Sources
	10.7 Biomass: Energy from Plants
	10.8 Geothermal Power
	10.9 Nuclear Power
	10.10 Efficiency and Conservation
	10.11 2050 World: A Speculative Glimpse into the Future
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 11: The Air around Us
	11.1 Air Bags
	11.2 A Gas Is a Swarm of Particles
	11.3 Pressure
	11.4 The Relationships between Gas Properties
	11.5 The Atmosphere: What Is in It?
	11.6 The Atmosphere: A Layered Structure
	11.7 Air Pollution: An Environmental Problem in the Troposphere
	11.8 Cleaning Up Air Pollution: The Clean Air Act
	11.9 Ozone Depletion: An Environmental Problem in the Stratosphere
	11.10 The Montreal Protocol: The End of Chlorofluorocarbons
	11.11 Myths Concerning Ozone Depletion
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 12: The Liquids and Solids around Us: Especially Water
	12.1 No Gravity, No Spills
	12.2 Liquids and Solids
	12.3 Separating Molecules: Melting and Boiling
	12.4 The Forces That Hold Us-and Everything Else-Together
	12.5 Smelling Molecules: The Chemistry of Perfume
	12.6 Chemists Have Solutions
	12.7 Water: An Oddity among Molecules
	12.8 Water: Where Is It and How Did It Get There?
	12.9 Water: Pure or Polluted?
	12.10 Hard Water: Good for Our Health, Bad for Our Pipes
	12.11 Biological Contaminants
	12.12 Chemical Contaminants
	12.13 Ensuring Good Water Quality: The Safe Drinking Water Act
	12.14 Public Water Treatment
	12.15 Home Water Treatment
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 13: Acids and Bases: The Molecules Responsible for Sour and Bitter
	13.1 If It Is Sour, It Is Probably an Acid
	13.2 The Properties of Acids: Tasting Sour and Dissolving Metals
	13.3 The Properties of Bases: Tasting Bitter and Feeling Slippery
	13.4 Acids and Bases: Molecular Definitions
	13.5 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
	13.6 Specifying the Concentration of Acids and Bases: The pH Scale
	13.7 Some Common Acids
	13.8 Some Common Bases
	13.9 Acid Rain: Extra Acidity from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels
	13.10 Acid Rain: The Effects
	13.11 Cleaning Up Acid Rain: The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 14: Oxidation and Reduction
	14.1 Rust
	14.2 Oxidation and Reduction: Some Definitions
	14.3 Some Common Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
	14.4 Respiration and Photosynthesis
	14.5 Batteries: Making Electricity with Chemistry
	14.6 Fuel Cells
	14.7 Corrosion: The Chemistry of Rust
	14.8 Oxidation, Aging, and Antioxidants
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 15: The Chemistry of Household Products
	15.1 Cleaning Clothes with Molecules
	15.2 Soap: A Surfactant
	15.3 Synthetic Detergents: Surfactants for Hard Water
	15.4 Laundry-Cleaning Formulations
	15.5 Corrosive Cleaners
	15.6 Hair Products
	15.7 Skin Products
	15.8 Facial Cosmetics
	15.9 Perfumes and Deodorants: Producing Pleasant Odors and Eliminating Unpleasant Ones
	15.10 Polymers and Plastics
	15.11 Copolymers: Nylon, Polyethylene Terephthalate, and Polycarbonate
	15.12 Rubber
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 16: Biochemistry and Biotechnology
	16.1 Brown Hair, Blue Eyes, and Big Mice
	16.2 Lipids and Fats
	16.3 Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starch, and Sawdust
	16.4 Proteins: More Than Muscle
	16.5 Protein Structure
	16.6 Some Common Proteins
	16.7 Nucleic Acids: The Blueprint for Proteins
	16.8 Recombinant DNA Technology
	16.9 Cloning
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answers
Chapter 17: Drugs and Medicine: Healing, Helping, and Hurting
	17.1 Love and Depression
	17.2 Relieving Pain, Reducing Fever, and Lowering Inflammation
	17.3 Killing Microscopic Bugs: Antibiotics
	17.4 Antiviral Drugs and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
	17.5 Sex Hormones and the Pill
	17.6 Steroids
	17.7 Chemicals to Fight Cancer
	17.8 Depressants: Drugs That Dull the Mind
	17.9 Narcotics: Drugs That Diminish Pain
	17.10 Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamine
	17.11 Legal Stimulants: Caffeine and Nicotine
	17.12 Hallucinogenic Drugs: Mescaline and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
	17.13 Marijuana
	17.14 Prozac and Zoloft: SSRIs
	Summary
	Key Terms
	Exercises
	Feature Problems and Projects
	Self-Check Answer
Appendix 1: Significant Figures
Appendix 2: Answers to Selected Exercises
Appendix 3: Answers to Your Turn Questions
Glossary
Index