Chemistry Atoms First

Cover
Chemistry: Atoms First 2e
Preface
	1. About OpenStax
	2. About OpenStax resources
	3. About Chemistry: Atoms First 2e
	4. Additional resources
	5. About the University of Connecticut
	6. About our team
Chapter 1. Essential Ideas
	1.1. Chemistry in Context
	1.2. Phases and Classification of Matter
	1.3. Physical and Chemical Properties
	1.4. Measurements
	1.5. Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
	1.6. Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
	Glossary
Chapter 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
	2.1. Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
	2.2. Evolution of Atomic Theory
	2.3. Atomic Structure and Symbolism
	2.4. Chemical Formulas
	Glossary
Chapter 3. Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements
	3.1. Electromagnetic Energy
	3.2. The Bohr Model
	3.3. Development of Quantum Theory
	3.4. Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
	3.5. Periodic Variations in Element Properties
	3.6. The Periodic Table
	3.7. Molecular and Ionic Compounds
	Glossary
Chapter 4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
	4.1. Ionic Bonding
	4.2. Covalent Bonding
	4.3. Chemical Nomenclature
	4.4. Lewis Symbols and Structures
	4.5. Formal Charges and Resonance
	4.6. Molecular Structure and Polarity
	Glossary
Chapter 5. Advanced Theories of Bonding
	5.1. Valence Bond Theory
	5.2. Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
	5.3. Multiple Bonds
	5.4. Molecular Orbital Theory
	Glossary
Chapter 6. Composition of Substances and Solutions
	6.1. Formula Mass
	6.2. Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
	6.3. Molarity
	6.4. Other Units for Solution Concentrations
	Glossary
Chapter 7. Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
	7.1. Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
	7.2. Classifying Chemical Reactions
	7.3. Reaction Stoichiometry
	7.4. Reaction Yields
	7.5. Quantitative Chemical Analysis
	Glossary
Chapter 8. Gases
	8.1. Gas Pressure
	8.2. Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
	8.3. Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
	8.4. Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
	8.5. The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
	8.6. Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
	Glossary
Chapter 9. Thermochemistry
	9.1. Energy Basics
	9.2. Calorimetry
	9.3. Enthalpy
	9.4. Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
	Glossary
Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids
	10.1. Intermolecular Forces
	10.2. Properties of Liquids
	10.3. Phase Transitions
	10.4. Phase Diagrams
	10.5. The Solid State of Matter
	10.6. Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
	Glossary
Chapter 11. Solutions and Colloids
	11.1. The Dissolution Process
	11.2. Electrolytes
	11.3. Solubility
	11.4. Colligative Properties
	11.5. Colloids
	Glossary
Chapter 12. Thermodynamics
	12.1. Spontaneity
	12.2. Entropy
	12.3. The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
	12.4. Free Energy
	Glossary
Chapter 13. Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
	13.1. Chemical Equilibria
	13.2. Equilibrium Constants
	13.3. Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle
	13.4. Equilibrium Calculations
	Glossary
Chapter 14. Acid-Base Equilibria
	14.1. Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
	14.2. pH and pOH
	14.3. Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
	14.4. Hydrolysis of Salts
	14.5. Polyprotic Acids
	14.6. Buffers
	14.7. Acid-Base Titrations
	Glossary
Chapter 15. Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
	15.1. Precipitation and Dissolution
	15.2. Lewis Acids and Bases
	15.3. Coupled Equilibria
	Glossary
Chapter 16. Electrochemistry
	16.1. Review of Redox Chemistry
	16.2. Galvanic Cells
	16.3. Electrode and Cell Potentials
	16.4. Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium
	16.5. Batteries and Fuel Cells
	16.6. Corrosion
	16.7. Electrolysis
	Glossary
Chapter 17. Kinetics
	17.1. Chemical Reaction Rates
	17.2. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
	17.3. Rate Laws
	17.4. Integrated Rate Laws
	17.5. Collision Theory
	17.6. Reaction Mechanisms
	17.7. Catalysis
	Glossary
Chapter 18. Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
	18.1. Periodicity
	18.2. Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
	18.3. Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids
	18.4. Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals
	18.5. Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
	18.6. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
	18.7. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen
	18.8. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus
	18.9. Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
	18.10. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur
	18.11. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens
	18.12. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases
	Glossary
Chapter 19. Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
	19.1. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
	19.2. Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
	19.3. Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
	Glossary
Chapter 20. Nuclear Chemistry
	20.1. Nuclear Structure and Stability
	20.2. Nuclear Equations
	20.3. Radioactive Decay
	20.4. Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
	20.5. Uses of Radioisotopes
	20.6. Biological Effects of Radiation
	Glossary
Chapter 21. Organic Chemistry
	21.1. Hydrocarbons
	21.2. Alcohols and Ethers
	21.3. Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
	21.4. Amines and Amides
	Glossary
Appendix A. The Periodic Table
Appendix B. Essential Mathematics
	B.1. Exponential Arithmetic
	B.2. Significant Figures
	B.3. The Use of Logarithms and Exponential Numbers
	B.4. The Solution of Quadratic Equations
	B.5. Two-Dimensional (x-y) Graphing
Appendix C. Units and Conversion Factors
Appendix D. Fundamental Physical Constants
Appendix E. Water Properties
Appendix F. Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
Appendix G. Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
Appendix H. Ionization Constants of Weak Acids
Appendix I. Ionization Constants of Weak Bases
Appendix J. Solubility Products
Appendix K. Formation Constants for Complex Ions
Appendix L. Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
Appendix M. Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes
Solutions
	Chapter 1
	Chapter 2
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 7
	Chapter 8
	Chapter 9
	Chapter 10
	Chapter 11
	Chapter 12
	Chapter 13
	Chapter 14
	Chapter 15
	Chapter 16
	Chapter 17
	Chapter 18
	Chapter 19
	Chapter 20
	Chapter 21
	Index