Chemistry

Chemistry 2e (2019 Edition) ( etc.) (z-lib.org)
	Preface
		1. About OpenStax
		2. About OpenStax resources
		3. About Chemistry 2e
		4. Additional resources
		5. About the authors
	Chapter 1. Essential Ideas
		1.1. Chemistry in Context*
		1.2. Phases and Classification of Matter*
		1.3. Physical and Chemical Properties*
		1.4. Measurements*
		1.5. Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision*
		1.6. Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results*
		Glossary
	Chapter 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
		2.1. Early Ideas in Atomic Theory*
		2.2. Evolution of Atomic Theory*
		2.3. Atomic Structure and Symbolism*
		2.4. Chemical Formulas*
		2.5. The Periodic Table*
		2.6. Molecular and Ionic Compounds*
		2.7. Chemical Nomenclature*
		Glossary
	Chapter 3. Composition of Substances and Solutions
		3.1. Formula Mass and the Mole Concept*
		3.2. Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas*
		3.3. Molarity*
		3.4. Other Units for Solution Concentrations*
		Glossary
	Chapter 4. Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
		4.1. Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations*
		4.2. Classifying Chemical Reactions*
		4.3. Reaction Stoichiometry*
		4.4. Reaction Yields*
		4.5. Quantitative Chemical Analysis*
		Glossary
	Chapter 5. Thermochemistry
		5.1. Energy Basics*
		5.2. Calorimetry*
		5.3. Enthalpy*
		Glossary
	Chapter 6. Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements
		6.1. Electromagnetic Energy*
		6.2. The Bohr Model*
		6.3. Development of Quantum Theory*
		6.4. Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)*
		6.5. Periodic Variations in Element Properties*
		Glossary
	Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
		7.1. Ionic Bonding*
		7.2. Covalent Bonding*
		7.3. Lewis Symbols and Structures*
		7.4. Formal Charges and Resonance*
		7.5. Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds*
		7.6. Molecular Structure and Polarity*
		Glossary
	Chapter 8. Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding
		8.1. Valence Bond Theory*
		8.2. Hybrid Atomic Orbitals*
		8.3. Multiple Bonds*
		8.4. Molecular Orbital Theory*
		Glossary
	Chapter 9. Gases
		9.1. Gas Pressure*
		9.2. Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law*
		9.3. Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions*
		9.4. Effusion and Diffusion of Gases*
		9.5. The Kinetic-Molecular Theory*
		9.6. Non-Ideal Gas Behavior*
		Glossary
	Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids
		10.1. Intermolecular Forces*
		10.2. Properties of Liquids*
		10.3. Phase Transitions*
		10.4. Phase Diagrams*
		10.5. The Solid State of Matter*
		10.6. Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids*
		Glossary
	Chapter 11. Solutions and Colloids
		11.1. The Dissolution Process*
		11.2. Electrolytes*
		11.3. Solubility*
		11.4. Colligative Properties*
		11.5. Colloids*
		Glossary
	Chapter 12. Kinetics
		12.1. Chemical Reaction Rates*
		12.2. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates*
		12.3. Rate Laws*
		12.4. Integrated Rate Laws*
		12.5. Collision Theory*
		12.6. Reaction Mechanisms*
		12.7. Catalysis*
		Glossary
	Chapter 13. Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
		13.1. Chemical Equilibria*
		13.2. Equilibrium Constants*
		13.3. Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle*
		13.4. Equilibrium Calculations*
		Glossary
	Chapter 14. Acid-Base Equilibria
		14.1. Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases*
		14.2. pH and pOH*
		14.3. Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases*
		14.4. Hydrolysis of Salts*
		14.5. Polyprotic Acids*
		14.6. Buffers*
		14.7. Acid-Base Titrations*
		Glossary
	Chapter 15. Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
		15.1. Precipitation and Dissolution*
		15.2. Lewis Acids and Bases*
		15.3. Coupled Equilibria*
		Glossary
	Chapter 16. Thermodynamics
		16.1. Spontaneity*
		16.2. Entropy*
		16.3. The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics*
		16.4. Free Energy*
		Glossary
	Chapter 17. Electrochemistry
		17.1. Review of Redox Chemistry*
		17.2. Galvanic Cells*
		17.3. Electrode and Cell Potentials*
		17.4. Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium*
		17.5. Batteries and Fuel Cells*
		17.6. Corrosion*
		17.7. Electrolysis*
		Glossary
	Chapter 18. Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
		18.1. Periodicity*
		18.2. Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals*
		18.3. Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids*
		18.4. Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals*
		18.5. Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen*
		18.6. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates*
		18.7. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen*
		18.8. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus*
		18.9. Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen*
		18.10. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur*
		18.11. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens*
		18.12. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases*
		Glossary
	Chapter 19. Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
		19.1. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds*
		19.2. Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals*
		19.3. Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds*
		Glossary
	Chapter 20. Organic Chemistry
		20.1. Hydrocarbons*
		20.2. Alcohols and Ethers*
		20.3. Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters*
		20.4. Amines and Amides*
		Glossary
	Chapter 21. Nuclear Chemistry
		21.1. Nuclear Structure and Stability*
		21.2. Nuclear Equations*
		21.3. Radioactive Decay*
		21.4. Transmutation and Nuclear Energy*
		21.5. Uses of Radioisotopes*
		21.6. Biological Effects of Radiation*
		Glossary
	Appendix A. The Periodic Table*
	Appendix B. Essential Mathematics*
		B.1. Exponential Arithmetic
		B.2. Significant Figures
		B.3. The Use of Logarithms and Exponential Numbers
		B.4. The Solution of Quadratic Equations
		B.5. Two-Dimensional (x-y) Graphing
	Appendix C. Units and Conversion Factors*
	Appendix D. Fundamental Physical Constants*
	Appendix E. Water Properties*
	Appendix F. Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases*
	Appendix G. Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances*
	Appendix H. Ionization Constants of Weak Acids*
	Appendix I. Ionization Constants of Weak Bases*
	Appendix J. Solubility Products*
	Appendix K. Formation Constants for Complex Ions*
	Appendix L. Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials*
	Appendix M. Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes*
	Solutions
		Chapter 1
		Chapter 2
		Chapter 3
		Chapter 4
		Chapter 5
		Chapter 6
		Chapter 7
		Chapter 8
		Chapter 9
		Chapter 10
		Chapter 11
		Chapter 12
		Chapter 13
		Chapter 14
		Chapter 15
		Chapter 16
		Chapter 17
		Chapter 18
		Chapter 19
		Chapter 20
		Chapter 21
		Index
	Blank Page
Chemistry Atoms First 2e (Paul flowers,Paul Flowers etc.) (z-lib.org)
	Cover
	Chemistry: Atoms First 2e
	Preface
		1. About OpenStax
		2. About OpenStax resources
		3. About Chemistry: Atoms First 2e
		4. Additional resources
		5. About the University of Connecticut
		6. About our team
	Chapter 1. Essential Ideas
		1.1. Chemistry in Context
		1.2. Phases and Classification of Matter
		1.3. Physical and Chemical Properties
		1.4. Measurements
		1.5. Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
		1.6. Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
		Glossary
	Chapter 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
		2.1. Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
		2.2. Evolution of Atomic Theory
		2.3. Atomic Structure and Symbolism
		2.4. Chemical Formulas
		Glossary
	Chapter 3. Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements
		3.1. Electromagnetic Energy
		3.2. The Bohr Model
		3.3. Development of Quantum Theory
		3.4. Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
		3.5. Periodic Variations in Element Properties
		3.6. The Periodic Table
		3.7. Molecular and Ionic Compounds
		Glossary
	Chapter 4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
		4.1. Ionic Bonding
		4.2. Covalent Bonding
		4.3. Chemical Nomenclature
		4.4. Lewis Symbols and Structures
		4.5. Formal Charges and Resonance
		4.6. Molecular Structure and Polarity
		Glossary
	Chapter 5. Advanced Theories of Bonding
		5.1. Valence Bond Theory
		5.2. Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
		5.3. Multiple Bonds
		5.4. Molecular Orbital Theory
		Glossary
	Chapter 6. Composition of Substances and Solutions
		6.1. Formula Mass
		6.2. Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
		6.3. Molarity
		6.4. Other Units for Solution Concentrations
		Glossary
	Chapter 7. Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
		7.1. Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
		7.2. Classifying Chemical Reactions
		7.3. Reaction Stoichiometry
		7.4. Reaction Yields
		7.5. Quantitative Chemical Analysis
		Glossary
	Chapter 8. Gases
		8.1. Gas Pressure
		8.2. Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
		8.3. Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
		8.4. Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
		8.5. The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
		8.6. Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
		Glossary
	Chapter 9. Thermochemistry
		9.1. Energy Basics
		9.2. Calorimetry
		9.3. Enthalpy
		9.4. Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
		Glossary
	Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids
		10.1. Intermolecular Forces
		10.2. Properties of Liquids
		10.3. Phase Transitions
		10.4. Phase Diagrams
		10.5. The Solid State of Matter
		10.6. Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
		Glossary
	Chapter 11. Solutions and Colloids
		11.1. The Dissolution Process
		11.2. Electrolytes
		11.3. Solubility
		11.4. Colligative Properties
		11.5. Colloids
		Glossary
	Chapter 12. Thermodynamics
		12.1. Spontaneity
		12.2. Entropy
		12.3. The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
		12.4. Free Energy
		Glossary
	Chapter 13. Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
		13.1. Chemical Equilibria
		13.2. Equilibrium Constants
		13.3. Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle
		13.4. Equilibrium Calculations
		Glossary
	Chapter 14. Acid-Base Equilibria
		14.1. Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
		14.2. pH and pOH
		14.3. Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
		14.4. Hydrolysis of Salts
		14.5. Polyprotic Acids
		14.6. Buffers
		14.7. Acid-Base Titrations
		Glossary
	Chapter 15. Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
		15.1. Precipitation and Dissolution
		15.2. Lewis Acids and Bases
		15.3. Coupled Equilibria
		Glossary
	Chapter 16. Electrochemistry
		16.1. Review of Redox Chemistry
		16.2. Galvanic Cells
		16.3. Electrode and Cell Potentials
		16.4. Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium
		16.5. Batteries and Fuel Cells
		16.6. Corrosion
		16.7. Electrolysis
		Glossary
	Chapter 17. Kinetics
		17.1. Chemical Reaction Rates
		17.2. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
		17.3. Rate Laws
		17.4. Integrated Rate Laws
		17.5. Collision Theory
		17.6. Reaction Mechanisms
		17.7. Catalysis
		Glossary
	Chapter 18. Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
		18.1. Periodicity
		18.2. Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
		18.3. Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids
		18.4. Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals
		18.5. Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
		18.6. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
		18.7. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen
		18.8. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus
		18.9. Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
		18.10. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur
		18.11. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens
		18.12. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases
		Glossary
	Chapter 19. Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
		19.1. Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
		19.2. Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
		19.3. Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
		Glossary
	Chapter 20. Nuclear Chemistry
		20.1. Nuclear Structure and Stability
		20.2. Nuclear Equations
		20.3. Radioactive Decay
		20.4. Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
		20.5. Uses of Radioisotopes
		20.6. Biological Effects of Radiation
		Glossary
	Chapter 21. Organic Chemistry
		21.1. Hydrocarbons
		21.2. Alcohols and Ethers
		21.3. Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
		21.4. Amines and Amides
		Glossary
	Appendix A. The Periodic Table
	Appendix B. Essential Mathematics
		B.1. Exponential Arithmetic
		B.2. Significant Figures
		B.3. The Use of Logarithms and Exponential Numbers
		B.4. The Solution of Quadratic Equations
		B.5. Two-Dimensional (x-y) Graphing
	Appendix C. Units and Conversion Factors
	Appendix D. Fundamental Physical Constants
	Appendix E. Water Properties
	Appendix F. Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
	Appendix G. Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
	Appendix H. Ionization Constants of Weak Acids
	Appendix I. Ionization Constants of Weak Bases
	Appendix J. Solubility Products
	Appendix K. Formation Constants for Complex Ions
	Appendix L. Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
	Appendix M. Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes
	Solutions
		Chapter 1
		Chapter 2
		Chapter 3
		Chapter 4
		Chapter 5
		Chapter 6
		Chapter 7
		Chapter 8
		Chapter 9
		Chapter 10
		Chapter 11
		Chapter 12
		Chapter 13
		Chapter 14
		Chapter 15
		Chapter 16
		Chapter 17
		Chapter 18
		Chapter 19
		Chapter 20
		Chapter 21
		Index
	Copyright
	Title Page
	Dedication
	Contents
	Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
	Chapter 2: Renegade perception
	Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
	Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
	Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
	Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
	Chapter 7: War on your mind
	Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
	Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
	Chapter 10: Human 2.0
	Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
	Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
	Postscript
	Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
	Bibliography
	Index