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ویرایش: [8 ed.] نویسندگان: Jill Robinson, John McMurry, Robert Fay سری: ISBN (شابک) : 1292336145, 9781292336145 ناشر: Pearson سال نشر: 2020 تعداد صفحات: [1204] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 119 Mb
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Chemistry, Global Edition به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب شیمی ، نسخه جهانی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
در حین ایجاد مهارتهای حل مسئله حیاتی، به دانشآموزان یک پایه مفهومی قوی بدهید رابینسون / مک موری / شیمی فی، که به دلیل صدای نویسنده مختصر و متحد، تمرکز مفهومی، نمونههای کار شده گسترده و ارتباطات کاملاً ساخته شده بین شیمی آلی، بیولوژیکی و عمومی شناخته شده است، کاربرد شیمی را در زندگی و شغل دانشآموزان برجسته میکند. نویسنده اصلی، جیل رابینسون، جهت گیری دانشجویی را با ایجاد فرصت های یادگیری جذاب تر و فعال برای دانشجویان و اساتید تقویت می کند. با ویرایش هشتم، رابینسون از مهارتهای آموزشی استثنایی خود استفاده میکند تا تجربیات تعاملی جدیدی را ارائه دهد که به شناسایی و رسیدگی به پیشدیدههای دانشآموزان کمک میکند.
Give students a robust conceptual foundation while building critical problem-solving skills Robinson/McMurry/Fay’s Chemistry, known for a concise and united author voice, conceptual focus, extensive worked examples, and thoroughly constructed connections between organic, biological, and general chemistry, highlights the application of chemistry to students’ lives and careers. Lead author Jill Robinson strengthens the student orientation by creating more engaging, active learning opportunities for students and faculty. With the 8th Edition, Robinson draws upon her exceptional teaching skills to provide new interactive experiences that help identify and address students’ preconceptions.
Front Cover Periodic Table of the Elements Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Content Preface For Instructors 1 Chemical Tools: Experimentation and Measurement 1.1 The Scientific Method: Nanoparticle Catalysts for Fuel Cells 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation 1.3 Mass and Its Measurement 1.4 Length and Its Measurement 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement 1.6 Derived Units: Volume and Its Measurement 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement 1.8 Derived Units: Energy and Its Measurement 1.9 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures in Measurement 1.10 Significant Figures in Calculations 1.11 Converting from One Unit to Another INQUIRY? What are the unique properties of nanoscale materials? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 2.1 Chemistry and the Elements 2.2 Elements and the Periodic Table 2.3 Some Common Groups of Elements and Their Properties 2.4 Observations Supporting Atomic Theory: The Conservation of Mass and the Law of Definite Proportions 2.5 The Law of Multiple Proportions and Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.6 Atomic Structure: Electrons 2.7 Atomic Structure: Protons and Neutrons 2.8 Atomic Numbers 2.9 Atomic Weights and the Mole 2.10 Measuring Atomic Weight: Mass Spectrometry 2.11 Mixtures and Chemical Compounds; Molecules and Covalent Bonds 2.12 Ions and Ionic Bonds 2.13 Naming Chemical Compounds INQUIRY? How can measurements of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in ice cores determine past climates? Study Guide Key Terms Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 3 Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions 3.1 Representing Chemistry on Different Levels 3.2 Balancing Chemical Equations 3.3 Molecular Weight and Molar Mass 3.4 Stoichiometry: Relating Amounts of Reactants and Products 3.5 Yields of Chemical Reactions 3.6 Reactions with Limiting Amounts of Reactants 3.7 Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas 3.8 Determining Empirical Formulas: Elemental Analysis 3.9 Determining Molecular Weights: Mass Spectrometry INQUIRY? How is the principle of atom economy used to minimize waste in a chemical synthesis? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 Solution Concentration: Molarity 4.2 Diluting Concentrated Solutions 4.3 Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution 4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.5 Aqueous Reactions and Net Ionic Equations 4.6 Precipitation Reactions and Solubility Guidelines 4.7 Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions 4.8 Solution Stoichiometry 4.9 Measuring the Concentration of a Solution: Titration 4.10 Oxidation–Reduction (Redox) Reactions 4.11 Identifying Redox Reactions 4.12 The Activity Series of the Elements 4.13 Redox Titrations 4.14 Some Applications of Redox Reactions INQUIRY? How do sports drinks replenish the substances lost in sweat? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 5 Periodicity and the Electronic Structure of Atoms 5.1 Wave Properties of Radiant Energy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum 5.2 Particlelike Properties of Radiant Energy: The Photoelectric Effect and Planck’s Postulate 5.3 Atomic Line Spectra and Quantized Energy 5.4 Wavelike Properties of Matter: de Broglie’s Hypothesis 5.5 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom: Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle 5.6 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom: Orbitals and Quantum Numbers 5.7 The Shapes of Orbitals 5.8 Electron Spin and the Pauli Exclusion Principle 5.9 Orbital Energy Levels in Multielectron Atoms 5.10 Electron Configurations of Multielectron Atoms 5.11 Anomalous Electron Configurations 5.12 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table 5.13 Electron Configurations and Periodic Properties: Atomic Radii INQUIRY? How does knowledge of atomic emission spectra help us build more efficient light bulbs? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 6 Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory 6.1 Electron Configurations of Ions 6.2 Ionic Radii 6.3 Ionization Energy 6.4 Higher Ionization Energies 6.5 Electron Affinity 6.6 The Octet Rule 6.7 Ionic Bonds and the Formation of Ionic Solids 6.8 Lattice Energies in Ionic Solids INQUIRY? How do ionic liquids lead to more environmentally friendly processes? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 7 Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures 7.1 Covalent Bonding in Molecules 7.2 Strengths of Covalent Bonds 7.3 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity 7.4 A Comparison of Ionic and Covalent Compounds 7.5 Electron-Dot Structures: The Octet Rule 7.6 Procedure for Drawing Electron-Dot Structures 7.7 Drawing Electron-Dot Structures for Radicals 7.8 Electron-Dot Structures of Compounds Containing Only Hydrogen and Second-Row Elements 7.9 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonance 7.10 Formal Charges INQUIRY? How does bond polarity affect the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 8 Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure 8.1 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model 8.2 Valence Bond Theory 8.3 Hybridization and sp3 Hybrid Orbitals 8.4 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals 8.5 Polar Covalent Bonds and Dipole Moments 8.6 Intermolecular Forces 8.7 Molecular Orbital Theory: The Hydrogen Molecule 8.8 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules 8.9 Combining Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory INQUIRY? Which is better for human health, natural or synthetic vitamins? Study Guide Key Terms Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 9 Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy 9.1 Energy and Its Conservation 9.2 Internal Energy and State Functions 9.3 Expansion Work 9.4 Energy and Enthalpy 9.5 Thermochemical Equations and the Thermodynamic Standard State 9.6 Enthalpies of Chemical and Physical Changes 9.7 Calorimetry and Heat Capacity 9.8 Hess’s Law 9.9 Standard Heats of Formation 9.10 Bond Dissociation Energies 9.11 An Introduction to Entropy 9.12 An Introduction to Free Energy INQUIRY? How do we determine the energy content of biofuels? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 10 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior 10.1 Gases and Gas Pressure 10.2 The Gas Laws 10.3 The Ideal Gas Law 10.4 Stoichiometric Relationships with Gases 10.5 Mixtures of Gases: Partial Pressure and Dalton’s Law 10.6 The Kinetic–Molecular Theory of Gases 10.7 Gas Diffusion and Effusion: Graham’s Law 10.8 The Behavior of Real Gases 10.9 The Earth’s Atmosphere and the Greenhouse Effect 10.10 Greenhouse Gases 10.11 Climate Change INQUIRY? How do inhaled anesthetics work? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 11 Liquids and Phase Changes 11.1 Properties of Liquids 11.2 Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point 11.3 Phase Changes between Solids, Liquids, and Gases 11.4 Energy Changes during Phase Transitions 11.5 Phase Diagrams 11.6 Liquid Crystals INQUIRY? How is caffeine removed from coffee? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 12 Solids and Solid-State Materials 12.1 Types of Solids 12.2 Probing the Structure of Solids: X-Ray Crystallography 12.3 The Packing of Spheres in Crystalline Solids: Unit Cells 12.4 Structures of Some Ionic Solids 12.5 Structures of Some Covalent Network Solids 12.6 Bonding in Metals 12.7 Semiconductors 12.8 Semiconductor Applications 12.9 Superconductors 12.10 Ceramics and Composites INQUIRY? What are quantum dots, and what controls their color? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 13 Solutions and Their Properties 13.1 Solutions 13.2 Enthalpy Changes and the Solution Process 13.3 Predicting Solubility 13.4 Concentration Units for Solutions 13.5 Some Factors That Affect Solubility 13.6 Physical Behavior of Solutions: Colligative Properties 13.7 Vapor-Pressure Lowering of Solutions: Raoult’s Law 13.8 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression of Solutions 13.9 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure INQUIRY? How does hemodialysis cleanse the blood of patients with kidney failure? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 14 Chemical Kinetics 14.1 Reaction Rates 14.2 Rate Laws and Reaction Order 14.3 Method of Initial Rates: Experimental Determination of a Rate Law 14.4 Integrated Rate Law: Zeroth-Order Reactions 14.5 Integrated Rate Law: First-Order Reactions 14.6 Integrated Rate Law: Second-Order Reactions 14.7 Reaction Rates and Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation 14.8 Using the Arrhenius Equation 14.9 Reaction Mechanisms 14.10 Rate Laws for Elementary Reactions 14.11 Rate Laws for Overall Reactions 14.12 Catalysis 14.13 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts INQUIRY? How do enzymes work? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 15 Chemical Equilibrium 15.1 The Equilibrium State 15.2 The Equilibrium Constant Kc 15.3 The Equilibrium Constant Kp 15.4 Heterogeneous Equilibria 15.5 Using the Equilibrium Constant 15.6 Factors That Alter the Composition of an Equilibrium Mixture: Le Châtelier’s Principle 15.7 Altering an Equilibrium Mixture: Changes in Concentration 15.8 Altering an Equilibrium Mixture: Changes in Pressure and Volume 15.9 Altering an Equilibrium Mixture: Changes in Temperature 15.10 The Link between Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics INQUIRY? How does high altitude affect oxygen transport in the body? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 16 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases 16.1 Acid–Base Concepts: The Brønsted–Lowry Theory 16.2 Acid Strength and Base Strength 16.3 Factors That Affect Acid Strength 16.4 Dissociation of Water 16.5 The pH Scale 16.6 Measuring pH 16.7 The pH in Solutions of Strong Acids and Strong Bases 16.8 Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Acids 16.9 Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations in Solutions of Weak Acids 16.10 Percent Dissociation in Solutions of Weak Acids 16.11 Polyprotic Acids 16.12 Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Bases 16.13 Relation Between Ka and Kb 16.14 Acid–Base Properties of Salts 16.15 Lewis Acids and Bases INQUIRY? Has the problem of acid rain been solved? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 17 Applications of Aqueous Equilibria 17.1 Neutralization Reactions 17.2 The Common-Ion Effect 17.3 Buffer Solutions 17.4 The Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation 17.5 pH Titration Curves 17.6 Strong Acid–Strong Base Titrations 17.7 Weak Acid–Strong Base Titrations 17.8 Weak Base–Strong Acid Titrations 17.9 Polyprotic Acid–Strong Base Titrations 17.10 Solubility Equilibria for Ionic Compounds 17.11 Measuring Ksp and Calculating Solubility from Ksp 17.12 Factors That Affect Solubility 17.13 Precipitation of Ionic Compounds 17.14 Separation of Ions by Selective Precipitation 17.15 Qualitative Analysis INQUIRY? What is causing ocean acidification? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 18 Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and Spontaneity 18.1 Spontaneous Processes 18.2 Enthalpy, Entropy, and Spontaneous Processes 18.3 Entropy and Probability 18.4 Entropy and Temperature 18.5 Standard Molar Entropies and Standard Entropies of Reaction 18.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 18.7 Free Energy and the Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions 18.8 Standard Free-Energy Changes for Reactions 18.9 Standard Free Energies of Formation 18.10 Free-Energy Changes for Reactions under Nonstandard-State Conditions 18.11 Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium INQUIRY? Does the formation of highly ordered molecules violate the second law of thermodynamics? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 19 Electrochemistry 19.1 Balancing Redox Reactions by the Half-Reaction Method 19.2 Galvanic Cells 19.3 Shorthand Notation for Galvanic Cells 19.4 Cell Potentials and Free-Energy Changes for Cell Reactions 19.5 Standard Reduction Potentials 19.6 Using Standard Reduction Potentials 19.7 Cell Potentials under Nonstandard-State Conditions: The Nernst Equation 19.8 Electrochemical Determination of pH 19.9 Standard Cell Potentials and Equilibrium Constants 19.10 Batteries 19.11 Corrosion 19.12 Electrolysis and Electrolytic Cells 19.13 Commercial Applications of Electrolysis 19.14 Quantitative Aspects of Electrolysis INQUIRY? How do hydrogen fuel cells work? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 20 Nuclear Chemistry 20.1 Nuclear Reactions and Their Characteristics 20.2 Radioactivity 20.3 Nuclear Stability 20.4 Radioactive Decay Rates 20.5 Dating with Radioisotopes 20.6 Energy Changes during Nuclear Reactions 20.7 Nuclear Fission and Fusion 20.8 Nuclear Transmutation 20.9 Detecting and Measuring Radioactivity INQUIRY? How are radioisotopes used in medicine? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equations Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 21 Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry 21.1 Electron Configurations 21.2 Properties of Transition Elements 21.3 Oxidation States of Transition Elements 21.4 Coordination Compounds 21.5 Ligands 21.6 Naming Coordination Compounds 21.7 Isomers 21.8 Enantiomers and Molecular Handedness 21.9 Color of Transition Metal Complexes 21.10 Crystal Field Theory 21.11 Bonding in Complexes: Valence Bond Theory INQUIRY? How does cisplatin kill cancer cells? Study Guide Key Terms Key Equation Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 22 The Main-Group Elements 22.1 A Review of General Properties and Periodic Trends 22.2 Distinctive Properties of the Second-Row Elements 22.3 Group 1A: Hydrogen 22.4 Group 1A: Alkali Metals and Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals 22.5 Group 3A Elements 22.6 Group 4A Elements 22.7 Group 5A Elements 22.8 Group 6A Elements 22.9 Group 7A: The Halogens 22.10 Group 8A: Noble Gases INQUIRY? What are the barriers to a hydrogen economy? Study Guide Key Terms Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems 23 Organic and Biological Chemistry 23.1 Organic Molecules and Their Structures: Consitutional Isomers 23.2 Stereoisomers: Chiral Molecules 23.3 Families of Organic Compounds: Functional Groups 23.4 Carbohydrates: A Biological Example of Isomers 23.5 Valence Bond Theory and Orbital Overlap Pictures 23.6 Lipids: A Biological Example of Cis–Trans Isomerism 23.7 Formal Charge and Resonance in Organic Compounds 23.8 Conjugated Systems 23.9 Proteins: A Biological Example of Conjugation 23.10 Aromatic Compounds and Molecular Orbital Theory 23.11 Nucleic Acids: A Biological Example of Aromaticity INQUIRY? Why do enantiomers have different biological responses? Study Guide Key Terms Practice Test Conceptual Problems Section Problems Multiconcept Problems Appendix A: Mathematical Operations A.1 Scientific Notation A.2 Logarithms A.3 Straight-Line Graphs and Linear Equations A.4 Quadratic Equations A.5 Calculus Derivations of Integrated Rate Laws Appendix B: Thermodynamic Properties at 25 °C Appendix C: Equilibrium Constants at 25 °C Appendix D: Standard Reduction Potentials at 25 °C Appendix E: Properties of Water Answers to Selected Problems Glossary Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Photo/Text Credits Back Cover