Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium, Volume 8 (Chemical Thermodynamics)

Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Note from the Chaiman......Page 10
Editor\'s note......Page 12
How to contact the NEA-TDB project......Page 13
Contents......Page 14
Introductory material......Page 34
Background......Page 36
Focus of the review......Page 37
Review procedure and results......Page 39
History of zirconium and its uses......Page 41
Previous reviews on the thermochemistry of zirconium......Page 42
Abbreviations......Page 46
Symbols and terminology......Page 48
Phase designators......Page 50
Processes......Page 52
Protonation of a ligand......Page 53
Formation of metal ion complexes......Page 54
Solubility constants......Page 55
Equilibria involving the addition of a gaseous ligand......Page 56
Redox equilibria......Page 57
pH......Page 59
Spectroscopic constants and statistical mechanics calculations for gaseous species......Page 61
Order of formulae......Page 62
Reference codes......Page 63
Units and conversion factors......Page 64
Standard state......Page 67
Standard state pressure......Page 69
Fundamental physical constants......Page 72
The NEA-TDB system......Page 73
Presentation of the data......Page 75
Tables of selected data......Page 78
SELECTED ZIRCONIUM DATA......Page 80
SELECTED AUXILIARY DATA......Page 92
Discussion of data selection......Page 112
Phases and crystal structure......Page 114
alpha-zirconium......Page 117
Beta-zirconium......Page 123
omega-zirconium......Page 125
Liquid zirconium......Page 126
Gaseous zirconium......Page 127
Gibbs energy of formation......Page 130
Entropy......Page 131
ZrO2+......Page 132
Aqueous zirconium hydroxide complexes......Page 133
ZrOH3+......Page 137
Zr(0H)2+......Page 139
Zr(OH)4 (aq)......Page 141
Zr(OH)-5......Page 142
Zr(OH)2- 6......Page 143
Polynuclear hydrolysis species......Page 144
Zr3 (OH)8+4......Page 145
Zr4(OH)16(aq)......Page 148
Zr 4(OH)8+8......Page 147
Summary of the hydrolysis model......Page 149
Crystalline and amorphous zirconium(IV) oxides and hydroxides......Page 151
Thermodynamic values......Page 152
Structures......Page 157
Thermodynamic data......Page 158
ZrO(g)......Page 160
ZrO2(g)......Page 161
Phases and crystal structure......Page 162
Thermodynamic data......Page 163
Aqueous zirconium fluorides......Page 166
ZrF4(cr)......Page 177
ZrF3(cr), ZrF2(cr) and ZrF(cr)......Page 182
Gaseous zirconium fluorides......Page 202
Aqueous zirconium chlorides......Page 186
ZrCl4(cr)......Page 191
ZrCl3(cr)......Page 196
ZrCl2(cr)......Page 198
ZrCl(cr)......Page 200
Gaseous zirconium bromides......Page 210
ZrBr4(cr)......Page 205
ZrBr3(cr), ZrBr2(cr) and ZrBr(cr)......Page 206
Gaseous zirconium iodides......Page 212
Zirconium sulphides......Page 214
Aqueous zirconium sulphites......Page 218
Aqueous zirconium sulphates......Page 219
Solid zirconium sulphates......Page 225
Zirconium selenide compounds......Page 226
Zirconium telluride compounds......Page 227
Solid zirconium nitride, ZrN(cr)......Page 228
Aqueous zirconium nitrates......Page 230
Solid zirconium nitrates......Page 233
Solid zirconium phosphides......Page 234
Solid zirconium phosphates......Page 235
Solid zirconium diphosphates......Page 238
Solid zirconium arsenides......Page 239
Solid zirconium arsenates......Page 240
Solid zirconium carbide, ZrC(cr)......Page 241
Aqueous zirconium carbonates......Page 243
Solid zirconium carbonates......Page 249
Zirconium silicate (zircon)......Page 250
Calcium-zirconium silicate compounds......Page 253
Strontium zirconium silicate compounds......Page 254
Sodium zirconium silicate compounds......Page 255
Cesium zirconium silicate compounds......Page 258
Group 2(alkaline earth) auxiliary data......Page 260
Appendices......Page 262
DISCUSSION OF SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 264
IONIC STRENGTH CORRECTIONS......Page 390
Background......Page 392
Ionic strength corrections at temperatures other than 298.15 K......Page 397
Estimations based on experimental values of equilibrium constants at different ionic strengths......Page 399
On the magnitude of ion interaction coefficients......Page 403
Tables of ion interaction coefficients......Page 404
The general problem......Page 418
Uncertainty estimates in the selected thermodynamic data......Page 420
One source datum......Page 421
Two or more independent source data......Page 422
Discrepancies......Page 424
Several data at different ionic strengths......Page 426
Discrepancies or insufficient number of data points......Page 428
Correction to zero ionic strength......Page 430
Propagation of errors......Page 432
Rounding......Page 433
Significant digits......Page 434
Background for the derivation of the hydrolysis model......Page 436
Procedure details......Page 443
Algorithm......Page 444
SIT Interaction coefficients......Page 446
Solubility data of [99VEY] in nitrate media......Page 451
Solubility data of [66B1L/BRA2] in dilute and perchlorate media......Page 454
Potentiometric data of [99VEY] in perchlorate media......Page 456
Potentiometric data of [2001EKB/BRO], [2004EKB/KAL] in perchlorate media......Page 457
Solvent extraction data of [53ZIE]......Page 458
Ion exchange data of [51CON/REA]......Page 459
Solubility data of [2004EKB/KAL]......Page 460
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 462
LIST OF CITED AUTHORS......Page 522