Chemical Reactions and Chemical Reactors

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 13
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 22
1.2 STOICHIOMETRIC NOTATION......Page 24
1.3 EXTENT OF REACTION AND THE LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS......Page 25
1.4 DEFINITIONS OF REACTION RATE......Page 29
PROBLEMS......Page 33
2.1 RATE EQUATIONS......Page 37
2.2 FIVE GENERALIZATIONS......Page 38
PROBLEMS......Page 54
3.1 GENERALIZED MATERIAL BALANCE......Page 57
3.2 IDEAL BATCH REACTOR......Page 59
3.3 CONTINUOUS REACTORS......Page 64
3.4 GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE DESIGN EQUATIONS......Page 75
PROBLEMS......Page 78
APPENDIX 3 SUMMARY OF DESIGN EQUATIONS......Page 81
4.1 HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS......Page 84
4.2 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS (INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT EFFECTS)......Page 112
4.3 SYSTEMS OF CONTINUOUS REACTORS......Page 118
4.4 RECYCLE......Page 132
PROBLEMS......Page 135
5.1 ELEMENTARY REACTIONS......Page 144
5.2 SEQUENCES OF ELEMENTARY REACTIONS......Page 150
5.3 THE STEADY-STATE APPROXIMATION(SSA)......Page 152
5.4 USE OF THE STEADY-STATE APPROXIMATION......Page 154
5.5 CLOSED SEQUENCES WITH A CATALYST......Page 159
5.6 THE RATE-LIMITING STEP (RLS) APPROXIMATION......Page 161
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS......Page 168
PROBLEMS......Page 169
6.1 EXPERIMENTAL DATA FROM IDEAL REACTORS......Page 175
6.2 THE DIFFERENTIAL METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS......Page 183
6.3 THE INTEGRAL METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS......Page 194
6.4 ELEMENTARY STATISTICAL METHODS......Page 199
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS......Page 208
PROBLEMS......Page 209
APPENDIX 6-A NONLINEAR REGRESSION FOR AIBN DECOMPOSITION......Page 218
APPENDIX 6-Bl NONLINEAR REGRESSION FOR AIBN DECOMPOSITION......Page 219
APPENDIX 6-B2......Page 220
APPENDIX 6-C (Continued) ANALYSIS OF MICHAELIS-MENTEN RATE EQUATION VIA LINEWEAVER-BURKE PLOT BASIC CALCULATIONS......Page 221
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 222
7.2 CONVERSION, SELECTIVITY, AND YIELD......Page 224
7.3 CLASSIFICATION OF REACTIONS......Page 229
7.4 REACTOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS......Page 232
PROBLEMS......Page 253
APPENDIX 7-A NUMERICAL SOLU TION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS......Page 262
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 272
8.2 MACROSCOPIC ENERGY BALANCES......Page 273
8.3 ISOTHERMAL REACTORS......Page 278
8.4 ADIABATIC REACTORS......Page 282
8.5 CONTINUOUS STIRRED-TANK REACTORS (GENERAL TREATMENT)......Page 292
8.6 NONISOTHERMAL, NONADIABATIC BATCH, AND PLUG-FLOW REACTORS......Page 305
8.7 FEED/PRODUCT (F/P) HEAT EXCHANGERS......Page 306
8.8 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 315
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS......Page 316
PROBLEMS......Page 317
APPENDIX 8-A NUMERICAL SOLUTION TO EQUATION (8-26)......Page 323
APPENDIX 8-B CALCULATION OF G(T) AND R(T) FOR "BLOWOUT" EXAMPLE......Page 325
9.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 326
9.2 THE STRUCTURE OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS......Page 327
9.3 INTERNAL TRANSPORT......Page 332
9.4 EXTERNAL TRANSPORT......Page 367
9.5 CATALYST DESIGN-SOME FINAL THOUGHTS......Page 389
PROBLEMS......Page 390
APPENDIX 9-A SOLUTION OF EQUATION (9-4c)......Page 397
10.1 WHAT CAN MAKE A REACTOR "NONIDEAL"?......Page 399
10.2 DIAGNOSING AND CHARACTERIZING NONIDEAL FLOW......Page 402
10.3 RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTIONS......Page 408
10.4 ESTIMATING REACTOR PERFORMANCE FROM THE EXIT-AGE DISTRIBUTION-THE MACROFLUID MODEL......Page 418
10.5 OTHER MODELS FOR NONIDEAL REACTORS......Page 425
10.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 455
PROBLEMS......Page 456
Nomenclature......Page 461
Index......Page 467