Chemical Reaction Engineering—Houston

Title Page......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
ACS Symposium Series......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 7
1 Design and Operation of a Novel Impinging Jet Infrared Cell-Recycle Reactor......Page 9
Design Factors......Page 10
Experimental Performance......Page 14
Comments......Page 19
Literature Cited......Page 20
2 Performances of Tubular and Loop Reactors in Kinetic Measurements......Page 21
Apparatus......Page 23
Results and evaluation......Page 26
Comparison......Page 28
Recommendations......Page 31
Experimental Procedure......Page 32
Experimental Results......Page 33
Discussion......Page 36
Literature Cited......Page 42
Thermal methods and Instrumentation......Page 43
A bench scale heat flow calorimeter [2,3,9,10,11]......Page 45
Kinetics......Page 47
Assessment of thermal hazards......Page 49
Heat transfer coefficients......Page 51
Nomenclature......Page 54
Literature cited......Page 55
5 Adsorption Studies at Reaction Conditions—Reactor Development and Evaluation for Transient Studies at Millisecond Rates......Page 56
Reactor Design Features......Page 57
Data Collection and Reduction......Page 59
Experimental Results......Page 60
Acknowledgement......Page 65
Literature Cited......Page 66
Experimental......Page 67
Reactor Model......Page 68
Results and discussion......Page 71
Summary......Page 74
References......Page 75
7 Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Simultaneous Development of the Velocity and Concentration Profiles in the Entrance Region of a Monolithic Convertor......Page 76
Theoretical Part......Page 77
Experimental Part......Page 79
Discussion......Page 83
Notation......Page 85
Literature Cited......Page 86
Equipment......Page 87
Mathematical Models......Page 90
Results......Page 93
Roman.......Page 99
Subscripts and Superscripts......Page 100
Literature Cited......Page 101
1. Hysteresis......Page 102
2. Effect of Multiple Channels......Page 107
5. Literature Cited......Page 112
10 Poisoning in Monolithic Catalysts......Page 114
The Assumptions of the Model and its Equations......Page 115
Method of Solution......Page 117
Results and Conclusions......Page 118
Nomenclature......Page 123
Greek Symbols......Page 124
Literature Cited......Page 125
11 Micromixing Phenomena in Continuous Stirred Reactors Using a Michaelis-Menten Reaction in the Liquid Phase......Page 126
Experimental :......Page 127
Treatment of experimental data......Page 128
Results......Page 130
The "shrinking aggregate" model (S.A. model)......Page 131
Equivalence between the SA model and the IEM model......Page 134
Notation......Page 138
Lit erature cited......Page 139
Model......Page 141
Mathematical Analysis......Page 144
Results......Page 145
VELOCITY PROFILE ANALYTIC SOLUTION FOR NONUNIFORM VISCOUS FLOW......Page 150
Acknowledgement :......Page 152
REFERENCES......Page 153
13 Comparison of the Performances of Various Fermentors and Selection Criteria......Page 154
Experimental Results and Interpretation.......Page 155
Conclusions.......Page 160
Literature Cited......Page 163
Materials and Methods......Page 164
Reaction Model......Page 165
Results and Discussion......Page 166
Literature Cited......Page 173
Runaway Analysis of Polymerizations and Copolymerizations......Page 174
Experimental Tests of the Runaway Parameters......Page 181
Symbols......Page 185
Subscripts......Page 186
Literature Cited......Page 187
16 Comparison of Different Determination Methods for Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Catalysts......Page 188
Experimental Methods......Page 189
Experimental Results......Page 194
Discussion and Conclusion......Page 196
Symbols......Page 198
Literature......Page 199
17 Interpretation of Catalyst Deactivation by Fouling from Interactions of Pore Structure and Foulant Deposit Geometries......Page 200
Outline of the Theory......Page 201
Comparison of Theory and Experiment for a HDS Catalyst......Page 206
Acknowledgement......Page 211
Literature Cited......Page 212
18 Operational Flexibility Consideration in the Design of Multitubular Reactors......Page 213
Model of the Multitubular Reactor......Page 214
Comparison of Reactor Configurations......Page 216
Mixed Flow Configurations......Page 219
Conclusions......Page 221
Nomenclature......Page 222
Literature Cited......Page 223
19 Pore Plugging Model for Gas-Solid Reactions......Page 224
b. Product Layer Diffusion......Page 225
2. Analytical Evaluation of the Plugging Time......Page 227
3. Perturbation Solution for Small Times......Page 228
4. Comparison with Experimental Data for Sulfation of Fully Calcined Limestone......Page 230
5. Perturbation — Collocation Method of Solution......Page 231
7. Notation......Page 233
8. Literature Cited......Page 236
2. Experimental Equipment and Procedure......Page 237
(A) The Axially Dispersed Plug Flow Model......Page 238
(B) Depth by Depth Analysis......Page 241
Results of Overall Analysis......Page 242
7.1 A Model for Prediction of the Radial Conductivities......Page 246
7.3 The Axial Conductivity (ka)......Page 248
Literature Cited:......Page 251
II. Experimental......Page 253
IV. Deactivation of a Single Catalyst Particle......Page 254
V. Metal Removal and Catalyst Life in a (Simulated) Stirred-Tank Reactor......Page 259
VI. Effect of Metal Deposition on the Desulfurization Activity......Page 261
List of Symbols......Page 263
Literature Cited......Page 266
1. Cracking coil design equations......Page 267
2. Fire box heat transfer......Page 269
3. Simulation procedure......Page 272
4. Results......Page 273
Subscripts......Page 276
Literature Cited......Page 277
Theory......Page 278
Determination of the Realtime Activity Kinetics......Page 283
Realtime Activity Predictions......Page 284
Literature Cited......Page 287
24 Heuristic Approach to Complex Kinetics......Page 288
Rule 1:......Page 291
Rule 5:......Page 293
Rule 8:......Page 294
Rule 10:......Page 295
Conclusions......Page 297
Literature Cited......Page 298
25 Kinetics of Catalytic Liquefaction of Big Horn Coal......Page 299
Experimental......Page 300
Results and Discussion......Page 305
Literature Cited......Page 307
26 Development of Reaction Models for Complex Gas
Phase Reactions......Page 309
Experimental Methods......Page 310
Mathematical Methods......Page 311
Results and Discussion......Page 312
Summarising and Concluding Remarks......Page 318
Literature Cited......Page 320
Reaction Kinetics; Regime of Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction......Page 321
Experimental......Page 322
Results and Discussion......Page 323
Nomenclature......Page 329
Literature Cited......Page 330
28 Axial Mixing of Liquid in Packed Bubble Columns and Perforated Plate Columns of Large Diameter......Page 331
Summary......Page 338
Literature cited:......Page 341
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 342
2. KINETIC MODEL......Page 343
3. MODEL OF THE GAS-LIQUID REACTOR......Page 345
4. SIMULATION OF A PLANT OXIDATION SECTION BY MEANS OF TISFLO......Page 346
5. OPTIMIZATION......Page 347
6. FINAL REMARKS......Page 349
LIST OF SYMBOLS......Page 351
7. LITERATURE CITED......Page 352
30 Detailed Analysis of CO2-Interphase Mass Transfer in a Bubble Column to Prove the Validity of a Design Model......Page 353
Gas Hold up and Interfacial Area......Page 354
Model Assumptions......Page 356
Model Equations......Page 358
Description of Measured Profiles......Page 360
Acknowledgement......Page 364
Literature Cited......Page 365
31 Determination of Fluid Dynamic Parameters in Bubble Column Design......Page 366
Literature cited:......Page 376
32 Catalyst Effectiveness Factor in Trickle-Bed Reactors......Page 378
Review of Previous Models......Page 379
Mathematical Model For Reaction In Partly Wetted Catalyst Pellets......Page 382
Discussion......Page 384
Nomenclature......Page 387
Literature Cited......Page 389
33 Modeling the Slugging Fluidized Bed Reactor......Page 391
Results and Discussions......Page 397
NomencIature......Page 398
Literature Cited......Page 401
34 Modeling of a Trickle-Bed Reactor: The Hydrogenation of 2-Butanone on a Ruthenium Catalyst......Page 402
Experimental Set-up......Page 403
Experimental Result......Page 405
Topological Model of the Liquid Distribution in a Trickle-Bed......Page 408
Mathematical Model of Mass Tranfers in a Trickle-Bed Reactor......Page 411
List of symbols......Page 413
Literature cited......Page 414
35 Determination of the Extent of Catalyst Utilization in a Trickle Flow Reactor......Page 416
Selection of a System to Determine Maximum Catalyst Utilization......Page 419
Results and Discussion......Page 423
Conclusions......Page 425
Literature Cited......Page 426
The Two-Phase Theory Examined......Page 427
Fluidised Bed Reactor Model......Page 429
List of Symbols......Page 435
Literature Cited......Page 437
37 Multiphase Kinetic Studies with a Spinning Basket Reactor......Page 438
Experimental......Page 439
Results and Discussion......Page 441
Abstract......Page 447
Literature Cited......Page 449
Experimental Part......Page 450
Theoretical Part......Page 452
Results and Discussion......Page 455
Nomenclature......Page 462
Literature Cited......Page 463
39 Limit Cycle Phenomena during Catalytic Oxidation Reactions over a Supported Platinum Catalyst......Page 464
Experimental Considerations......Page 465
Experimental Results......Page 466
Discussion of Results......Page 471
Abstract......Page 474
Literature Cited......Page 475
Positive Feedback and Capacity Effects.......Page 476
Results of Analysis of Two Models......Page 477
Some Experimental Observations and Computed Results......Page 481
Greek Letters......Page 485
Literature Cited......Page 486
1. Mathematical model......Page 487
3. Numerical calculations......Page 488
4. Frequency of limit cycle......Page 489
5 . Amplitude of temperature oscillations......Page 492
7. Experimental results......Page 494
Notation......Page 499
"Literature Cited"......Page 500
42 Effect of Periodic Operation on the Selectivity of Catalytic Reactions......Page 501
Experimental......Page 502
Theoretical......Page 504
Results......Page 505
Discussion......Page 511
Notation......Page 513
Literature Cited......Page 514
43 Dynamic Studies of Acetylene Hydrogenation on Nickel Catalysts......Page 515
Experimental Materials and Methods......Page 516
Results and Discussion......Page 517
Literature Cited......Page 524
44 Multiple Steady States of a Moving Bed Reactor—Theory and Experiment......Page 526
Theory......Page 527
Boundary conditions......Page 528
Calculated region of multiple solutions......Page 529
Experimental results......Page 531
Nomenclature......Page 535
Literature cited......Page 536
RFBR Cell Model......Page 537
Uniqueness, Multiplicity, and Stability......Page 538
Selectivity Effects......Page 544
Conclusions......Page 546
Literature Cited......Page 548
1. Formulation of the problem......Page 549
2. The method of control......Page 550
3· The ideal control......Page 552
4. The influence of time lag......Page 553
5. Nonlinear analysis......Page 555
Literature Cited......Page 557
Introduction......Page 558
Case 1 - Plant Scale Reactor......Page 561
Case 2 - Pilot Unit Scale Reactor......Page 564
Nomenclature......Page 565
Literature Cited......Page 568
SO2-Oxidation Kinetics......Page 569
Experimental......Page 570
Analysis of Purely Kinetic Data......Page 573
Kinetics of The Liquid Diffusion Regime......Page 577
List of Symbols......Page 581
Literature Cited......Page 582
A......Page 583
B......Page 584
C......Page 585
D......Page 587
E......Page 588
F......Page 589
G......Page 590
H......Page 591
K......Page 592
M......Page 593
O......Page 595
P......Page 596
R......Page 598
S......Page 600
T......Page 601
Z......Page 603