Chemical kinetics аnd electrochemistry: еducational manual

LBC 35.41 я 73
Figure 2. Dependence of 1/С on time
3. The unilateral reactions of the third order
	Figure 3. Dependence of concentration on time
	Dimension  [conc]1[time] –1 and the rate constant linked to half-life by the following relation:
	.                                            (16)
Figure 4. Kinetic curves for reactions of different orders
	The reaction order in this method can also be determined by calculation.
		Figure 3. Determination of the order of reaction by the method of Van\'t Hoff
C
t
C
On the other hand
(10)
or
,
and
.                                    (11).
Taking the logarithm of the equation (11):
.
Differentiate with respect to T and obtain:
(12),
but, because
, then  .                 (13)
Activation energy ( ) – the heat of formation of 1 mole of active modifications, has the energy dimension (J). Consider the following reaction to determine the physical meaning of the activation energy: А+В(С+D. Imagine the energy course of this rea...
	Figure 1. The energy change of a system during a chemical reaction
Е
Features of reactions
	total number of particles in solution
		Advantages of TED
	Solvation energy
Figure – Distribution of charges in the ionic atmosphere:
Electrophoretic effect
V
U+=(+=  F and U-= (-= F.                        (5)
	As a result of the electrode reaction, calomel, recovering, gives metallic mercury and chlorine anion:
	Hg2Cl2+2e(2Hg+2Cl-.
	The potential of the mercury electrode is expressed by the formula of the potentials of metal electrodes of the first kind:
	(24)
Chemical cells
	In the element, the ions of H+ and Cl- diffuse from more concentrated to the less concentrated solution, as a result of which a diffusion potential arises between two solutions.
	The diffusion potential is a non-equilibrium potential and the mechanism of its appearance is shown in Figure.
		Additional literature
			Printed in the printing office of the «Kazakh university» publishing house.