Changes in Working Time: An International Review

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
1. Introduction
	Arguments for Change
		The Work-sharing Argument
		The Discretion/Choice Argument
		The Argument Relating to Changes in the Labour Force
		The Equality/Harmonization Argument
		The Technology and Organizational Efficiency Argument
		Broader Societal Arguments
		A Word on Obstacles to Change
	Outline of the Book
	Notes
2. The Working Day, Working Week and the Work-sharing Argument
	Trends in Daily and Weekly Work Hours in Britain
		Pre-Industrial Revolution
		The Early Nineteenth Century
		A Note on Saturday Working
		The Late Nineteenth Century
		Twentieth-century Changes in Work Hours
	Trends in Working Hours Outside Britain
		General Trends
		Individual Country Studies
	Current and Future Trends in Weekly Hours
	The Work-sharing Debate
		Economists\' Views of Work-sharing
		Trade Union Responses to Work-sharing
		Employers\' Criticisms of Work-sharing
		Employee Preferences on Working Time and Time-leisure Tradeoffs
		Results of Work-sharing Initiatives and other Worktime
Reductions
	Notes
3. Overtime and Shiftwork
	Overtime
		The Pattern of Overtime Working
		Reasons for Overtime Working
		The Role of Legislation Outside Britain
		Conclusion
	Shiftwork
		The Extent and Growth of Shiftworking
		Shiftwork Patterns
		Why has Shiftworking Increased?
		Shiftworking and Individual Well-being
		Recent Developments in Shiftwork Arrangements
		Conclusions
	Notes
4. Holidays
	The Growth of Holidays
		Developments in Britain
		Developments outside Britain
	Qualitative Aspects of Holiday Entitlement
		Sabbaticals
		Unpaid or Part-paid Leave
	Conclusion
	Notes
5. Short-time Working
	The Use of Short-time Working in Britain, West Germany and
North America
		Britain
		West Germany
		North America
	Conclusions
	Notes
6. Part-time Working and Job-sharing
	The Growth of Part-time Working in Britain
	International Patterns of Part-time Working
	Reasons for the Growth of Part-time Working
		The Demand for Part-time Labour
		The Supply of Part-time Labour
	Problems for Part-time Workers
	The Growth of Job-sharing
		Some Reasons for the Slow Growth of Job-sharing
	Conclusions
	Notes
7. Flexitime, Compressed Workweeks and Staggered Hours
	Flexitime
		Patterns of Growth of Flextime
		Attitudes to Flexitime
		Flexitime and Family Life
		Flexitime and Employee Discretion
	Compressed Workweeks
		Forms and Growth of Compressed Workweeks
		Advantages and Disadvantages of Compression for Management
and Workforce
		Future Prospects for the Compressed Workweek
	Staggered Hours
	Notes
8. Changes in Retirement Patterns
	The General Age of Retirement
	Growth in Early Retirement Schemes
		Company-based Early Retirement Schemes
		State Early Retirement Schemes
	Gradual Retirement Schemes
		Phasing by Time
		The Swedish Partial Pension Scheme
		Phasing by Job Changes
	Conclusion
	Notes
9. The Future of Working Time
	Notes
Bibliography
Author Index
Subject Index