Challenging Corruption in Asia: Case Studies and a Framework for Action (Directions in Development)

Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 12
Preface and Acknowledgments......Page 16
1. Introduction: Challenging Corruption in Asia......Page 20
Corruption Increasingly Damages Economic Development......Page 22
Globalization of the Fight against Corruption......Page 23
Recent Initiatives in Combating Corruption in Asia......Page 24
Challenge of Combating Corruption in Asia......Page 26
Outline of the Book......Page 30
Notes......Page 31
References......Page 33
2. An Analytical Framework for Improving the Effectiveness of Anticorruption Policies and Programs......Page 36
Analyzing a Country’s Governance and Operating Environment......Page 40
2.1. Stylized Typology of Corruption Conditions......Page 45
Crafting Anticorruption Measures Based on a Country’s Governance Environment......Page 46
Building Broad Anticorruption Coalitions......Page 58
Establishing Accountable Anticorruption Leadership and Management......Page 62
Monitoring and Evaluating Policy and Program Feedback......Page 65
Summary......Page 70
Appendix 2.1: Selected Sources of Governance Indicators......Page 73
Appendix 2.2: A Selective Global Review of Anticorruption Instruments......Page 75
Notes......Page 92
References......Page 93
3. Anticorruption Initiatives in the Philippines: Breakthroughs, Limits, and Challenges......Page 96
Country Governance......Page 97
Contours of Corruption......Page 106
Anticorruption Policies and Programs......Page 114
Improving Organizational Coherence and Filling in the Gaps......Page 128
Designing a Coherent Anticorruption Strategy: Focus on Prevention......Page 132
Appendix 3.1: Evaluation of Anticorruption Policies and Programs in the Philippines......Page 141
Appendix 3.2: Philippine Government Anticorruption Bodies, as of 2001......Page 145
Appendix 3.3: Presidential Antigraft and Investigation Agencies Established since 1950......Page 146
Notes......Page 147
References......Page 149
4. State Capture under Good Governance: The Challenge of the Republic of Korea’s Experience......Page 154
The Burden of History......Page 155
2001: A Year of Corruption Scandals......Page 159
Corruption Conditions in Korea......Page 161
4.1. Transparency International Bribe Payers Index, 2002......Page 164
Anticorruption Policies and Programs......Page 167
Coalition-Building against Corruption......Page 170
Recent Anticorruption Initiatives from Civil Society......Page 174
Leadership and Management of Anticorruption Efforts......Page 175
Corruption Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms......Page 176
Conclusion......Page 178
Appendix: Anticorruption Instruments: Analysis of Likely Effectiveness......Page 181
Notes......Page 185
References......Page 186
Country Governance......Page 190
Contemporary Patterns of Corruption......Page 191
5.2. Freedom House Annual Survey of Press Freedom, Thailand Scores, 1994–2002......Page 199
New Actors, New Rules in the Battle against Corruption......Page 203
The Challenge for Civil Society: Building a Coalition against Corruption......Page 206
Assessing the Impact of Anticorruption Institutions......Page 211
Evaluating Institutional Performance......Page 213
Strengthening the Freedom of the Press......Page 214
Conclusion......Page 217
Appendix: Overview Assessment of the Effectiveness of Anticorruption Policies and Programs in Thailand......Page 218
References......Page 223
The Present Impasse......Page 228
Governance......Page 232
6.1. Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index, Indonesia Scores, Selected Years, 1980–2001......Page 236
Anticorruption Policies and Institutions......Page 238
Anticorruption Coalitions......Page 242
Leadership and Management......Page 244
Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms......Page 246
Notes......Page 247
References......Page 252
Web Resources......Page 253
Challenging Corruption: Addressing a Priority Public Policy Agenda in Asia......Page 256
The Need for Improvement in Anticorruption Policies and Programs in Asia......Page 258
An Analytical Framework for Improving Anticorruption Effectiveness......Page 260
Country Governance Environments: Shaping Successes and Failures of Anticorruption Efforts......Page 262
Anticorruption Coalitions: Serious Challenges to Corruption in Asia......Page 269
Varied Anticorruption Leadership and Management Structures Produce Varied Outcomes......Page 272
Anticorruption Monitoring and Reporting Systems: Good Ones Emerging in Asia......Page 274
How Asia Can Improve the Effectiveness of National Anticorruption Programs......Page 275
Note......Page 278
References......Page 279
Index......Page 280
3.1. Fair Governance Marks for the Philippines......Page 99
3.2. Fair Marks for the Philippines in New World Bank Indicators......Page 100
3.3. More Corruption Comes with More Regulation......Page 101
3.4. Are Asian Judicial Systems Endogenous?......Page 102
3.5. An Autonomous Executive and Veto Points Complement Each Other......Page 103
3.6. Autocracy and Political Freedom Are Polar Opposites......Page 104
3.7. Corruption Perceptions Index, Philippine Scores, Selected Years, 1980–2002......Page 112
3.9. Perceived Extent of Public Sector Corruption......Page 113
4.1. Trend of Freedom in Korea, Selected Years, 1973–97......Page 158
4.3. Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index, Korea Scores, Selected Years, 1980–2002......Page 163
4.4. Summary Ratings of Economic Freedom, Korea Scores, Selected Years, 1970–99......Page 166
5.1. Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index, Thailand Scores, Selected Years, 1980–98......Page 197
1.1. Corruption Perceptions Index Scores, Selected Economies in Asia, 2000–03......Page 27
1.2. Governance Indicators, Selected Years, 1996–2002......Page 28
2.1. Quality of Governance Ranking of Countries......Page 44
2.2. Recommended Measures in the ADB-OECD Anti-Corruption Action Plan for Asia and the Pacific......Page 47
2.3. Assessment of Selected Anticorruption Instruments......Page 53
2.4. Crafting Anticorruption Strategies According to Governance Quality and Corruption Patterns......Page 56
2.5. Examples of Anticorruption Institutions in the Asia-Pacific Region......Page 63
2.6. Examples of Anticorruption Survey Instruments......Page 67
4.2. Estimates of Governance (Control of Corruption), FY 2000/01......Page 165
4.3. The Second Phase of Anticorruption Measures in the Republic of Korea......Page 169
7.1. Control of Corruption in Selected Asian Countries, Selected Years, 1996–2002......Page 257
7.2. Corruption Perceptions in Selected Asian Countries, Selected Years, 1996–2003......Page 259
7.3. Country Governance Environment, Selected Countries......Page 263
7.4. Governance Indicators, Selected Years, 1996–2002......Page 264
4.1. The Korean Independent Commission Against Corruption......Page 172
4.2. The Role of the Korean Institute of Certified Public Accountants......Page 177
5.1. A Social Movement against Corruption in the Public Health Ministry......Page 207
5.2. The Cases of Freedom of the Press......Page 215