Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism

Front Matter....Pages i-xxviii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Lower and Upper Limits for Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 3-6
Acute Arterial Hypertension and the Blood-Brain Barrier: An Experimental Study in Dogs....Pages 7-9
Effects of Local Increases of Venous Pressure on Canine Cerebral Hemodynamics....Pages 10-13
The Effect of Lowered Cardiac Output on Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 14-17
Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow During Controlled Hypotension....Pages 18-20
Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation, Cerebrospinal Fluid Acid-Base Parameters, and Profound Hypotension Induced by Sodium Nitroprusside and Deep Halothane Anesthesia....Pages 21-23
Correlation of Regional Cerebral Blood Volume with PaCO 2 and Arterial Blood Pressure....Pages 24-26
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism with Regard to Autoregulation in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Experiments....Pages 27-29
Back Matter....Pages 30-31
Front Matter....Pages 33-33
The Effect of Metabolic Alkalosis on Cerebral Blood Flow in Man....Pages 35-37
Circulation to the Brain of Rats During Acute and Prolonged Hypercapnia and Hypocapnia....Pages 38-40
Primate Pial Arterial Pressure Responses to Changes in Inspired CO 2 and Systemic Arterial Pressure....Pages 41-42
Dual Control of Cerebral Circulation: Separate Sites of Action in Vascular Tree in Autoregulation and Chemical Control....Pages 43-45
Interdependence of Capillary Flow and Regional Blood Flow of the Brain....Pages 46-48
Interactions of Ionic Mechanisms in the Regulation of the Resistance of Pial Vessels....Pages 49-51
The Effect of Local Changes in Bicarbonate and Potassium Concentration on Hypothalamic Blood Flow....Pages 52-54
Cerebral Hemodynamics: The Effect of Hypoxia on Autoregulation and CO 2 Reactivity....Pages 55-58
Back Matter....Pages 59-60
Front Matter....Pages 61-61
Acute Systemic Hypertension and Resultant Prolonged Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 63-65
Cerebral Edema Due to Cerebral Infarction in the Gerbil....Pages 66-67
Development and Resolution of Edema in Experimental Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction....Pages 68-70
Cerebral Blood Flow in the Baboon Following Carotid Ligation: Effects of Hypoxia and Hypotension....Pages 71-73
Back Matter....Pages 89-91
Front Matter....Pages 61-61
Atraumatic Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Monkeys....Pages 74-76
Alpha Methyl p Tyrosine and Experimental Stroke....Pages 77-78
Energy Metabolites, Water Content, and Catecholamine Changes in a Model of Cerebral Embolic Infarction....Pages 79-81
Regional Cerebral Metabolism in Experimental Brain Infarction....Pages 82-84
Segmental Reactivity of Cerebral Vessels and Brain Damage....Pages 85-88
Back Matter....Pages 89-91
Front Matter....Pages 93-93
False Autoregulation after Cold Injury to the Cerebral Cortex....Pages 95-98
rCBF and Regional Energy Metabolism in Cold-Injury Edema Following Moderate and Severe Hypocapnia or Hypercapnia....Pages 99-101
Quantitative Studies of Experimental Cerebral Edema....Pages 102-105
Focal Autoregulatory Disturbances in Middle Cerebral Artery Vasospasm....Pages 106-108
Regional Blood Flow in the Brain and in the Cervical Cord in Experimental Head Trauma....Pages 109-112
The Experimental Production of Charcot-Bouchard Miliary Arterial Microaneurysms in Hypertensive Rabbits....Pages 113-117
Cerebrovascular Response to Hypocapnia in Normal and Brain-Injured Dogs....Pages 118-119
Back Matter....Pages 120-121
Front Matter....Pages 123-123
Discrepancies in the Results of Flow Measurements Using Different Isotopes: 85 Kr, 133 Xe, and 14 C-Antipyrine....Pages 125-128
The Influence of Capillary Permeability Limitations on the Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 129-131
Brain Concentrations of 14 C-Nicotine and 14 C-Antipyrine after Intravenous Injection....Pages 132-134
Variation in Gamma Index (Dimensionless Dispersion) of Hydrogen Gas in a Single Human Brain....Pages 135-137
Determination of Diffusion Shunt in Brain and Its Influence on Blood Flow Measurements. A Diffusion Shunt Model....Pages 138-140
Heterogeneity of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Regional Distribution of Relative Weights of Gray and White Matter in Normal Subjects....Pages 141-144
The Effect of Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow on Compartmental Weight....Pages 145-147
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow. Evaluation of the Microsphere Technique....Pages 148-151
Back Matter....Pages 158-159
Front Matter....Pages 123-123
Pulsatile Blood Flow Pattern in Cerebral Circulation....Pages 152-154
Heterogeneity of Tritiated Water Uptake by the Brain....Pages 155-157
Back Matter....Pages 158-159
Front Matter....Pages 161-161
Irreversible Brain Damage Produced by Hypoxia....Pages 163-165
Disturbances of Cerebral Microcirculation after Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 166-169
Postischemic Recovery of Nucleotide Metabolism in the Cat Brain....Pages 170-172
Cerebral Blood Flow, Brain Water, and Electrolytes during Recovery from One Hour’s Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 173-176
Anoxia and Critical Oxygen Tension in Brain Tissue....Pages 177-179
The Effect of Ischemia on the Pyridine Nucleotide Redox State of the Cerebral Cortex of Cats....Pages 180-183
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism at Different Levels of Decreased Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Induced by Raised Intracranial Pressure and Normovolemic Arterial Hypotension....Pages 184-187
The Significance of Cerebral Cortical Hypoxia in Experimental Shock Induced by Endotoxin....Pages 188-191
Back Matter....Pages 192-193
Front Matter....Pages 195-195
Intracranial Pressure, Brain Blood Flow Regulation, and Glucose and Oxygen Metabolism after 15 Minutes of Circulatory Arrest in Dogs....Pages 197-199
Cerebral Metabolic State during Postischemic “Recovery”....Pages 200-202
An Intrinsic Metabolic Mechanism to Protect the Brain during Progressive Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 203-206
Endothelial Ischemia. Scanning (SEM) and Transmission (TEM) Electron Microscope Studies in Rabbit....Pages 207-209
A Technique for the Assessment of Cerebral Circulation for Diagnosis of Cerebral Death....Pages 210-213
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in High-Altitude Residents....Pages 214-215
Factors Improving Postischemic Cerebrovascular Obstruction....Pages 216-219
Back Matter....Pages 220-220
Front Matter....Pages 221-221
The Effects of the Hydrocephalic Process on Cerebral Blood Flow in the Cat....Pages 223-227
Comparative Effects of Increased Intracranial Pressure upon Cerebral Oxygenation, Cortical Evoked Potential, and Brain Survival....Pages 228-231
The Relationship between Cortical Electrical Activity, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, and Cerebral Blood Flow during Increased Intracranial Pressure....Pages 232-234
Back Matter....Pages 251-253
Front Matter....Pages 221-221
Differential Pressures Recorded in Acute Epidural Expanding Lesions. Correlation with Local Cerebral Blood Flow by Hydrogen Clearance in Baboons....Pages 235-237
Intracranial Pressure Gradients and Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 238-240
Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Prognosis in Patients with Severe Head Injuries....Pages 241-244
Disturbed Regulation of CBF after Acute Brain Injury with Particular Reference to the Effects on MIVP and CPP....Pages 245-248
Cerebrovascular Response Pattern during CO 2 Rebreathing....Pages 249-250
Back Matter....Pages 251-253
Front Matter....Pages 255-255
Cerebral Autoregulation. Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cardiohemodynamic Measurements....Pages 257-261
Regional Flow in Scintigraphically Positive Vascular Brain Lesions....Pages 262-265
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and CSF Pressure Responses to Stimuli in Cerebral Infarction....Pages 266-268
Studies of rCBF on Neuropsychological Disorders Caused by Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents in the Major Hemisphere....Pages 269-271
Relationship between Different Levels of CBF and Reactivity to Physiological Stimuli (CO 2 and MABP)....Pages 272-275
Preoperative and Postoperative Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenoses....Pages 276-282
Monitoring of CBF in the Operating Room during Carotid Ligation....Pages 283-284
Microvascular Surgery of the Brain and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 285-288
rCBF Study As a Test in the Management of Arterial Hypertension....Pages 289-291
Correlation of Continuous Electroencephalograms with Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements during Carotid Endarterectomy....Pages 292-294
Back Matter....Pages 295-296
Front Matter....Pages 296-296
Abnormal Cerebral Vasomotor Function in Migraine....Pages 299-301
Abnormalities of rCBF in Chronic Schizophrenia with Mental Deterioration....Pages 302-305
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Acid-Base Findings in Patients with Acute Pyogenic Meningitis and with Acute Encephalitis....Pages 306-309
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Acidotic Renal Insufficiency....Pages 310-313
The Relationship between Focal Lesions and rCBF Calculated by Bi-Compartmental Analysis and Initial Slope Index in Patients with Acute Brain Injuries....Pages 314-317
Back Matter....Pages 328-329
Front Matter....Pages 296-296
rCBF and Cerebral Vasomotor Response in Brain Tumors following Dexamethasone Treatment....Pages 318-320
Clinical Usefulness of Regional Cerebral Circulation Studies with Sodium Pertechnetate....Pages 321-324
Changes in CBF and CSF in Brain Injuries....Pages 325-327
Back Matter....Pages 328-329
Front Matter....Pages 331-331
Inhibition and Reversal of Prostaglandin-Induced Cerebral Vasospasm....Pages 333-335
Effect of Cyclic AMP on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Normal Baboons....Pages 336-338
Effects of Diphenylhydantoin on Local Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 339-342
Clinical Experience in the Management of Cerebral Vasospasm Using Intravenous Isoproterenol and Lidocaine Hydrochloride....Pages 343-346
Barbiturate Protection Against Cerebral Infarction....Pages 347-348
Halothane-Associated Preservation of Aerobic Cerebral Processes during Profound Arterial Hypotension....Pages 349-352
Mechanism for Cerebral Vasodilation by Halothane....Pages 353-354
Back Matter....Pages 355-357
Front Matter....Pages 359-359
rCBF in Focal Cortical Epilepsy....Pages 361-364
The Mechanism of Cerebral Hyperemia in Electrically Induced Epileptic Seizures in Man....Pages 365-367
Cerebral Metabolism and Cerebral Blood Flow during a Single Seizure in the Cat....Pages 368-370
Quantitative Determination of Cortical Microflow and EEG in Graded Hypercapnia....Pages 371-374
The Time Course of the Cerebral Circulatory Response to Metabolic Depression....Pages 375-377
Effect of Mechanical rCBF Reduction on EEG in Man....Pages 378-379
Association of Blood Flow and Acid-Base Change in Brain during Afferent Stimulation....Pages 380-382
The Relationship between CBF and EEG during Visual Stimulation in the Rabbit....Pages 383-385
Back Matter....Pages 386-386
Front Matter....Pages 387-387
Atraumatic Cerebral Blood Flow Estimation in Man....Pages 389-390
Intravenous Isotope Injection Method of Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement: Accuracy and Reproducibility....Pages 391-393
Back Matter....Pages 421-422
Front Matter....Pages 387-387
A Comparison of Three Isotope Inhalation Techniques for Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement and the Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference Method....Pages 394-397
The 133 Xe Inhalation Method: Assessment of rCBF in Carotid Endarterectomy....Pages 398-401
Variability of Repeated Clinical Measurements of CBF Using the 133 Xe Intracarotid Injection Technique....Pages 402-405
Pitfalls in the Interpretation of Xenon CBF Studies in Head-Injured Patients....Pages 406-408
Interpretation of Differences between “81-keV” and “31-keV” Decay Curves Recorded during Clearance of 133 Xe in Cerebral Tissue of the Pig....Pages 409-412
A Method and Instrumentation for Quantitating Local Cerebral Blood Flow in 144 Subdivisions of Human Brain, Using 133 Xe and a Germanium Detector Array....Pages 413-414
A 254-Detector System for Measuring Regional Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 415-417
Circadian Rhythm in Cerebral Blood Volume of Mouse....Pages 418-420
Back Matter....Pages 421-422
Front Matter....Pages 423-423
The Effect of Alpha-Adrenergic Blockade on Cerebral Blood Flow during Hypocapnia....Pages 425-427
Sympathetic Innervation and Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity....Pages 428-430
Evidence for Neurogenic Influences on Cerebral Blood Flow in Man Obtained with the Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference Method....Pages 431-435
Sympathetic Control of Cerebral Blood Flow in the Unanesthetized Goat....Pages 436-439
Effects of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine on the Cerebral Blood Flow in the Dog....Pages 440-442
Evidence for the Adrenergic Control of Cerebrovascular Tone....Pages 443-446
Back Matter....Pages 447-448
Front Matter....Pages 449-449
Effect of Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral and Cephalic Blood Flow....Pages 451-453
Regional Differences in β -Adrenergic Effects on Local Cerebral Blood Flow and Adrenergic Innervation....Pages 454-458
Regional Brain Blood Flow during Sympathetic Stimulation....Pages 459-461
Autonomic Control of Cerebral Blood Flow and Autoregulation....Pages 462-465
Cholinergic and Adrenergic Innervation of Cerebral Vessels....Pages 466-469
The Functional Significance of β -Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors at Pial Arteries: A Microapplication Study....Pages 470-472
Back Matter....Pages 479-479
Front Matter....Pages 449-449
Cholinergic Innervation and Vasomotor Response of Brain Vessels....Pages 473-475
The Innervation of Cerebral Arterioles in the Cat....Pages 476-478
Back Matter....Pages 479-479
Front Matter....Pages 481-481
Effect of α - and β -Adrenergic Blocking Agents on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and CO 2 Responsiveness in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease....Pages 483-486
The Upper Limit of Autoregulation and the Sympathetic System....Pages 487-488
Autoregulation of Cerebral Circulation in Orthostatic Hypotension....Pages 489-491
Evidence for Autoregulation in the Human Retinal Circulation....Pages 492-493
Preliminary Analysis of the Neurogenic Vasoconstriction of Basilar Artery....Pages 494-496
Mechanisms of Autoregulation of CBF....Pages 497-499
Reversal of Response of Guinea Pig Arterioles to Isoproterenol during Hypoxia....Pages 500-502
Back Matter....Pages 503-503
Front Matter....Pages 505-505
The Effect of γ -Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) on Brain ATP Synthesis during Ischemia....Pages 507-510
Comparative Effects of Various Metabolic Inhibitors on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Electrical Activity, and Cationic Transport....Pages 511-513
Potassium Effects on Energy Metabolism and Epileptiform Activity in the Cat Hippocampus....Pages 514-517
Prognostic Value of Carbohydrate Metabolites in CSF. “The Luxury Glucose Supply” of the Brain....Pages 518-519
In Vivo Measurement of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Employing 11 C-Labeled Glucose....Pages 520-521
A Method for Serial Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism....Pages 522-523
A Study of pO 2 in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Clinical Anesthesia....Pages 524-527
The Question of Uncoupling of Cerebral Oxidative Phosphorylation in Acute Cerebral Infarction....Pages 528-532
The Effect of Controlled Hyperventilation on the Energy and Acid-Base Status of the Rat Brain....Pages 533-536
Cerebral Autoregulation and Metabolism with Deep Hypothermia....Pages 537-539
Back Matter....Pages 540-541
Front Matter....Pages 543-543
Evidence for Neurogenic Control of Cerebral Circulation....Pages 545-547
Back Matter....Pages 560-560
Front Matter....Pages 543-543
Neurogenic Control of Cerebral Circulation....Pages 548-550
Incidence and Significance of Vascular Occlusion in Focal and Diffuse Ischemia....Pages 551-554
The No-Reflow Phenomenon....Pages 555-555
Invasive versus Noninvasive Techniques for Measurements of rCBF....Pages 556-559
Back Matter....Pages 560-560
Back Matter....Pages 561-566