Census 2020: Understanding the Issues

Preface
Introduction
Contents
Chapter 1: The Census: A Pillar of American Democracy and American Society
	1.1 The Census and the Presidential Election: The Great Conjunction of Democracy
	1.2 The Census, Controversy, and Integrity
	1.3 What Is a Census?
	1.4 Criteria for a Modern Census
	1.5 Hallmarks of Quality in the Census
		1.5.1 Completeness of Coverage
		1.5.2 Accuracy of Information
		1.5.3 Analysis of Coverage and Accuracy
	1.6 Other Uses of the Census
	1.7 The Census Mirrors Its Times
	1.8 Counting the Enslaved, 1790–1860
	1.9 Costs of the Census
	1.10 Summary
	References
Chapter 2: Who, What, When, and Where of the Census
	2.1 How People Are Counted
	2.2 Who Does the Counting?
	2.3 The Hard-to-Count Population
		2.3.1 The Hard To Locate
		2.3.2 The Hard To Contact
		2.3.3 The Hard To Persuade
		2.3.4 The Hard To Interview
	2.4 Counting the Homeless
	2.5 Counting People In Transitory Locations
	2.6 Foreign Countries and Foreign Residence
	2.7 De Jure Versus De Facto Counting
	2.8 What Questions Are Asked?
	2.9 How Much Information Is Requested?
	2.10 Race, Hispanic Origin, and Ancestry
	2.11 When Is the Census?
	2.12 Where: The Issue of Census Geography
	2.13 Summary
	References
Chapter 3: Who’s Missing? Undercounting and Underreporting
	3.1 Who Is Undercounted?
		3.1.1 The Missing Children
		3.1.2 The Missing Minority Group Members
		3.1.3 The Missing Renters
		3.1.4 The Missing Rural Residents
	3.2 Efforts to Correct the Undercount
		3.2.1 Editing and Imputation
		3.2.2 Administrative Records
		3.2.3 Sampling
		3.2.4 Regression Analysis
	3.3 The Effect of the Undercount On the States
		3.3.1 Loss of Representation
		3.3.2 Loss of Federal Dollars
	3.4 Complete Count Committees
	3.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 4: The Citizenship Issue and Gerrymandering
	4.1 The Census and Immigration
	4.2 What About Citizenship?
		4.2.1 Counting the Illegally Present Population
	4.3 A Sharp Turn in Immigration Policy
	4.4 The Issue of a Citizenship Question On the 2020 Census
		4.4.1 Enter Gerrymandering
		4.4.2 Population Shifts and Gerrymandering
		4.4.3 One More Supreme Court Case
	4.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 5: Privacy and Data Protection
	5.1 The Terms Privacy and Confidentiality
	5.2 A History of Data Confidentiality
	5.3 Increased Legal Protection for Confidentiality
		5.3.1 Publicity Concerning Confidentiality
		5.3.2 Circumstances Under Which Individual Information Can Be Released
	5.4 Indirect Disclosure
		5.4.1 Early Concerns with Indirect Disclosure
		5.4.2 Digital Data Increase Indirect Exposure Risk
	5.5 Differential Privacy
		5.5.1 What Is Differential Privacy?
		5.5.2 Is Differential Privacy Just Making Up Data?
	5.6 Data Safety and Hacking
		5.6.1 Accessibility to the Internet
		5.6.2 Cyberthreats
	5.7 Summary
	References
Chapter 6: Are There Alternatives to the Census?
	6.1 The Continuous Population Register
		6.1.1 Advantages of a Continuous Population Register
		6.1.2 Disadvantages of a Continuous Population Register
	6.2 Partial Population Registers
		6.2.1 Linking the Partial Registers
	6.3 Census Bureau Use of Administrative Records
		6.3.1 Not All Information Is Treated the Same Way
	6.4 Developing a Citizenship Count (CVAP)
		6.4.1 “Best Citizenship” Variable
		6.4.2 Linking Databases
	6.5 Do We Still Need a Census?
	6.6 Summary
	References
Postscript: Integrity and Partisanship
Glossary
Index