دسترسی نامحدود
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
برای ارتباط با ما می توانید از طریق شماره موبایل زیر از طریق تماس و پیامک با ما در ارتباط باشید
در صورت عدم پاسخ گویی از طریق پیامک با پشتیبان در ارتباط باشید
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
درصورت عدم همخوانی توضیحات با کتاب
از ساعت 7 صبح تا 10 شب
ویرایش: نویسندگان: Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu سری: Wireless Networks ISBN (شابک) : 9811951292, 9789811951299 ناشر: Springer سال نشر: 2023 تعداد صفحات: 409 [410] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 9 Mb
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب وسیله نقلیه سلولی به همه چیز (C-V2X) نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
این کتاب بر روی وسیله نقلیه به همه چیز سلولی (C-V2X) تمرکز دارد، که در حال حاضر امیدوارکننده ترین فناوری ارتباط بی سیم برای خودرو به وسیله نقلیه (V2V)، خودرو به زیرساخت (V2I)، خودرو- ارتباطات به عابر پیاده (V2P)، خودرو به شبکه (V2N) و وسیله نقلیه به ابر (V2C). به دلیل تأخیر کم و قابلیت اطمینان بالا، C-V2X به یک فنآوری ضروری برای سیستمهای حمل و نقل هوشمند (ITS) و رانندگی خودکار تبدیل شده است.
این کتاب با معرفی خوانندگان شروع میشود. پیشینه تحقیق و وضعیت موجود توسعه جهانی. سپس پس از تجزیه و تحلیل الزامات عملکرد برنامه های مختلف V2X، معماری سیستم و استانداردهای فنی ارائه می شود. دو مرحله در حال تکامل C-V2X، یعنی LTE-V2X و NR-V2X، به تفصیل معرفی شده اند. علاوه بر این، فناوریهای مرتبط مانند محاسبات لبه موبایل، برش شبکه و موقعیتیابی با دقت بالا، امنیت C-V2X، الزامات و برنامهریزی طیف C-V2X، و توسعه صنعتی و برنامههای کاربردی معرفی شدهاند. در پایان، این کتاب در مورد کاربردهای آینده و چالشهای فنی برای C-V2X بحث میکند.
این کتاب اولین تکنگاری اختصاص داده شده به C-V2X است که متخصصان، محققان و مهندسان را ارائه میکند. حوزه های IT/CT، حمل و نقل هوشمند، وسایل نقلیه هوشمند و متصل (ICV) درک عمیقی از فناوری و استانداردهای C-V2X، در حالی که تحقیقات بین رشته ای مرتبط را نیز تشریح می کند. این کتاب همچنین می تواند به عنوان یک منبع مرجع برای تحصیل در مقطع کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد استفاده شود.
This book focuses on cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), currently the most promising wireless communication technology for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) and Vehicle-to-Cloud (V2C) communications. Because of its low latency and high reliability, C-V2X has become an essential enabling technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) and autonomous driving.
This book begins by introducing readers to the research background and status quo of global development. Then, after analyzing the performance requirements of various V2X applications, the system architecture and technical standards are presented. The two evolving stages of C-V2X, i.e., LTE-V2X and NR-V2X, are introduced in detail. In addition, related technologies such as mobile edge computing, network slicing and high-precision positioning, C-V2X security, C-V2X spectrum requirements and planning, and industrial development and applications are introduced. In closing, the book discusses future applications of and technical challenges for C-V2X.
This book is the first monograph dedicated to C-V2X, offering experts, researchers and engineers from the areas of IT/CT, intelligent transportation, intelligent and connected vehicles (ICVs) an in-depth understanding of C-V2X technology and standards, while also outlining related interdisciplinary research. The book can also be used as a reference resource for both undergraduate and graduate studies.
Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents About the Authors Abbreviations Chapter 1: Overview 1.1 Background of V2X 1.1.1 The Application and Evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the Automotive Industry 1.1.1.1 Broadcast 1.1.1.2 Information Services 1.1.1.3 Assisted Driving 1.1.1.4 Automated Driving 1.1.2 The Application and Evolution of ICT in the Transportation Industry 1.1.3 Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System and Automated Driving Supported by V2X 1.1.4 V2X and C-V2X 1.2 Global Development Trend: Policies and Standardization 1.2.1 The International Policies 1.2.2 International Standardization Organization 1.2.2.1 3GPP 1.2.2.2 IEEE 1.2.2.3 ITU 1.2.2.4 ISO 1.2.2.5 ETSI 1.2.2.6 SAE 1.3 China´s Development Status Quo: Policies and Standardization 1.3.1 Policies and Planning 1.3.2 Formulating Standards 1.3.2.1 Chinese Standardization Organizations 1.3.2.2 The Latest Progress of Chinese C-V2X Standardization 1.4 About This Book References Chapter 2: The Requirements of V2X Applications 2.1 The Requirements of Basic V2X Applications 2.1.1 Road Safety Applications 2.1.1.1 Electronic Emergency Brake Light (EEBL) 2.1.1.2 Forward Collision Warning (FCW) 2.1.1.3 Blind Spot Warning/Lane Change Warning (BSW/ LCW) 2.1.1.4 Do Not Pass Warning (DNPW) 2.1.1.5 Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) 2.1.1.6 Control Loss Warning (CLW) 2.1.1.7 Left Turn Assist (LTA) 2.1.1.8 Summary 2.1.2 Traffic Efficiency Applications 2.1.2.1 Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) 2.1.2.2 Emergency Vehicle Warning (EVW) 2.1.3 Infotainment Applications 2.2 The Requirements of Enhanced V2X Applications 2.3 Global Standardization for the V2X Applications 2.3.1 SAE 2.3.1.1 SAE J2735 2.3.1.2 SAE J2945/1 2.3.2 ETSI 2.3.3 3GPP 2.3.4 5GAA 2.3.5 China SAE (C-SAE) 2.3.6 IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group C-V2X Working Group 2.4 Summary References Chapter 3: V2X Network Architecture and Standards System 3.1 V2X Network Architecture 3.1.1 V2X Network Architecture from the Perspective of V2X Communications and Applications 3.1.2 V2X Network Architecture from the Perspective of CVIS 3.1.3 V2X Network Architecture from the Perspective of ITS 3.2 Technical Challenges of V2X 3.3 V2X Technology and Standards System 3.4 IEEE 802.11p 3.4.1 IEEE 802.11p Technology 3.4.1.1 Improvements of PHY 3.4.1.2 Improvements of MAC 3.4.2 Progress and Evolution of IEEE 802.11p Standards 3.5 C-V2X 3.5.1 Motivations, Opportunities, and Challenges of C-V2X 3.5.2 LTE-V2X Technology 3.5.2.1 R14 LTE-V2X Key Technical Features 3.5.2.2 R15 Enhanced LTE-V2X Key Technical Features 3.5.3 NR-V2X Technology 3.5.4 Progress and Evolution of C-V2X Standardization 3.6 Technical Comparisons of IEEE 802.11p and C-V2X 3.7 Comparisons of the Results of Simulation and Field Test of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X 3.7.1 Simulation Results of NGMN V2X Task Force 3.7.2 Test Results of Open Road 3.8 Spectrum of IEEE 802.11p and C-V2X 3.9 Summary References Chapter 4: LTE-V2X Technology 4.1 Research Background and Technical Ideas 4.2 Technical Requirements 4.2.1 LTE-V2X Service Requirements 4.2.2 Technical Challenges of LTE-V2X 4.2.2.1 Network Architecture 4.2.2.2 Physical Channel Structure 4.2.2.3 Centralized Resource Allocation Method 4.2.2.4 Decentralized Resource Allocation Method 4.2.2.5 Synchronization Mechanism 4.2.2.6 Congestion Control Mechanism 4.2.2.7 V2X Communication Mechanism Based on Uu interface 4.3 LTE-V2X Communication Mode and Network Architecture 4.3.1 LTE-V2X Communication Mode 4.3.2 LTE-V2X Network Architecture 4.4 Radio Interface Protocol Stack 4.5 Key Technologies of the Physical Layer 4.5.1 Waveform, Time/Frequency Resource and Transmission Channel 4.5.1.1 Transmission Waveform 4.5.1.2 Time/Frequency Resource 4.5.1.3 Transmission Channel Process 4.5.2 Physical Channel Signal 4.5.2.1 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) 4.5.2.2 Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) 4.5.2.3 Physical Channel Mapping 4.5.3 Resource Pool 4.5.3.1 Definition and Configuration of Resource Pool 4.5.3.2 Frequency Domain Resource Pool 4.5.3.3 Time Domain Resource Pool 4.6 Resource Allocation Method 4.6.1 Introduction 4.6.2 Decentralized Resource Allocation Method (Mode 4) 4.6.2.1 Resource Allocation Method Supported by Mode 4 4.6.2.2 Sensing-Based Semi-persistent Resource Selection 4.6.2.3 Support of 20/50 ms Periodicity 4.6.2.4 Geographic Area Based Resource Allocation Method 4.6.2.5 Power Saving for Handheld UE 4.6.3 Centralized Resource Allocation Method (Mode 3) 4.7 Synchronization Mechanism 4.8 Quality of Service and Congestion Control 4.8.1 Quality of Service (QoS) 4.8.2 Congestion Control 4.9 LTE-V2X Enhancement on Uu 4.9.1 V2X Service Quality Indication 4.9.2 Uplink Semi-persistent Scheduling Enhancement 4.9.3 Downlink Broadcast Period Optimization 4.10 LTE-V2X Sidelink Enhancement 4.10.1 High-Order Modulation 64QAM 4.10.2 Carrier Aggregation 4.10.3 Transmission Delay Reduction 4.10.4 Mode 3 and Mode 4 Resource Pool Sharing 4.11 Summary References Chapter 5: NR-V2X Technology 5.1 NR-V2X Standardization Background 5.2 NR-V2X Deployment Scenarios 5.3 NR-V2X Generic Framework 5.3.1 NR-V2X Network Architecture 5.3.2 NR-V2X PC5 Protocol Stack and Channel Mapping 5.4 Unicast, Groupcast and Broadcast Communications in NR-V2X PC5 5.4.1 Broadcast Communication in NR-V2X PC5 5.4.2 Groupcast Communication in NR-V2X PC5 5.4.3 Unicast Communication in NR-V2X PC5 5.5 NR-V2X QoS Management 5.6 Physical Layer Technologies in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.6.1 Definitions on Waveform, Numerology, Bandwidth Part and Time-Frequency Resource in NR Sidelink 5.6.1.1 Waveform 5.6.1.2 Numerology 5.6.1.3 BWP (Bandwidth Part) 5.6.1.4 Time-Frequency Resource 5.6.2 Physical Layer Structure 5.6.2.1 Slot Structure 5.6.2.2 Physical Channels and Signals in NR-V2X 5.6.2.3 Multiplexing of Physical Channels Within a Slot 5.6.2.4 S-SSB Structure 5.6.2.5 Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) 5.6.2.6 CSI-RS 5.6.2.7 Phase-Tracking Reference Signal 5.6.3 Control Signaling Structure in NR Sidelink 5.6.4 Resource Pool Configuration of NR Sidelink 5.7 HARQ Feedback Mechanism in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.7.1 HARQ Feedback Mechanism in NR Sidelink Unicast Communication Mode 5.7.2 HARQ Feedback Mechanism in NR-V2X Groupcast Communication Mode 5.7.2.1 NACK-Based HARQ Feedback 5.7.2.2 ACK/NACK-Based HARQ ACK/NACK-Based Feedback 5.7.3 PSFCH Resource Determination Mechanism 5.7.3.1 PSFCH Candidate Resource Set Determination 5.7.3.2 PSFCH Transmission Resource Determination 5.7.4 PSFCH Resources Collision Avoidance 5.8 Resource Allocation Mechanism in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.8.1 Mode 1 Resource Allocation in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.8.2 Mode 2 Resource Allocation in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.8.2.1 Procedures of Mode 2 Resource Allocation Trigger Condition(s) for Resource (Re-)selection Step 1: Determining Initial Candidate Resource Set Step 2: Resource Exclusion Operation Step 3: Determining the Available Resource Set Step 4: Selected Transmission Resource(s) Among the Determined Available Resource Set 5.8.2.2 Resource Re-evaluation and Pre-emption Operation Re-Evaluation Mechanism Resource Pre-emption Operation 5.8.2.3 Resource Indication and Reservation in SCI 5.9 Synchronization Mechanism in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.9.1 Synchronization Procedure in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.9.2 Resource Configuration of S-SSB 5.10 Power Control Mechanism in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.10.1 Downlink Pathloss Based Open-Loop Power Control 5.10.2 Sidelink Pathloss Based Open Loop Power Control 5.11 CSI Measurement and Feedback in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.12 Congestion Control in NR-V2X Sidelink 5.13 Cross-RAT Scheduling Mechanism 5.13.1 LTE Uu Control NR-V2X Sidelink 5.13.2 NR Uu Control LTE-V2X Sidelink 5.14 In-Device Coexistence Between NR-V2X and LTE-V2X 5.15 Summary References Chapter 6: Key Technologies Related to C-V2X Applications 6.1 C-V2X and Mobile Edge Computing 6.1.1 Overview of Mobile Edge Computing 6.1.1.1 MEC System Level 6.1.1.2 MEC Host Level 6.1.2 Application Scenarios of C-V2X and Mobile Edge Computing Integration 6.1.3 C-V2X and Mobile Edge Computing Integration Architecture 6.1.3.1 Radio Network Information Service (RNIS) 6.1.3.2 Location Service 6.1.3.3 Bandwidth Manager (BM) Service 6.1.3.4 Application Mobility Service (AMS) 6.2 C-V2X and 5G Network Slicing 6.2.1 Overview of 5G Network Slicing 6.2.2 5G Network Slice Supporting C-V2X Applications 6.3 C-V2X and High Definition Map (HDM) 6.3.1 Data in HD Maps 6.3.2 Production of HD Maps 6.3.2.1 Map Data Capture 6.3.2.2 Map Data Processing and Recognition 6.3.2.3 Verification and Release 6.3.3 HDM Maintenance and Update 6.4 C-V2X and High Accuracy Positioning 6.4.1 High Accuracy Positioning Requirements for C-V2X 6.4.2 System Architecture for RTK-Based GNSS High Accuracy Positioning 6.4.2.1 Reference Station 6.4.2.2 Communication Network 6.4.2.3 System Control Center 6.4.2.4 User Equipment 6.4.3 Key Technologies for RTK-Based GNSS High Accuracy Positioning 6.4.3.1 Broadcasting the High Accuracy GNSS Differential Correction Data through the Cellular Network User Plane 6.4.3.2 Broadcasting the High Accuracy GNSS Differential Correction Data through the Cellular Network Control Plane 6.4.4 Development Trend of High Accuracy Positioning 6.4.4.1 Challenges Faced by High Accuracy Positioning for C-V2X 6.4.4.2 Development Trend of High Accuracy Positioning in the C-V2X 6.5 Summary References Chapter 7: C-V2X Security Technology 7.1 Overview 7.2 C-V2X Security System Architecture 7.3 C-V2X Communication Security Technology 7.3.1 Overview of C-V2X Communication Security Technology 7.3.2 LTE-V2X Communication Layer Security Technology 7.3.3 NR-V2X Communication Layer Security Technology 7.4 C-V2X Application Layer Security Technology 7.4.1 Overview of Application Layer Security Technology 7.4.2 The Security System Architecture of C-V2X Application Layer 7.4.2.1 American Security Credential Management System 7.4.2.2 European C-ITS Security Credential Management System 7.4.2.3 C-V2X Security Management System in China 7.4.3 C-V2X Security Management Certificate 7.4.4 The Security Mechanism of C-V2X Application Layer 7.4.4.1 Enrollment Certificate Application Procedure 7.4.4.2 Application and Identity Certificate Application Process 7.4.4.3 Pseudonym Certificate Application Process 7.4.4.4 Certificate Revocation Process 7.4.5 Deployment Way of C-V2X Security Management System 7.4.5.1 Security Management System Deployment in V2V Application Scenarios Based on Pseudonymous Certificates 7.4.5.2 Deployment of Security Management System in I2V Application Scenario 7.4.5.3 Deployment of Security Management System in V2I Application Scenario 7.4.5.4 Security Management System Deployment in V2V Application Scenario Based on Application Certificate 7.5 C-V2X Data Security and Privacy Protection 7.6 Summary References Chapter 8: Spectrum Needs and Planning 8.1 Overview of ITS Spectrum Allocation 8.2 Study of C-V2X Spectrum Needs 8.2.1 Typical Road Safety Applications of Connected Vehicles 8.2.2 Analysis of Spectrum Needs for Road Safety Applications 8.2.2.1 Two Estimation Methods of Spectrum Needs Adopted by CCSA The Method Based on Scheduling Mode Traffic Model Evaluation Scenarios Urban Scenario Highway Scenario Analysis of LTE-V2X Spectrum Needs Based on Scheduling Mode Traffic Load Mapping Method V2V Traffic Model Evaluation Scenarios Urban Scenario Highway Scenario 8.2.2.2 Summary of Spectrum Needs Study 8.3 Global ITS Spectrum Arrangements 8.3.1 The USA 8.3.2 Europe 8.3.3 China 8.3.4 Japan 8.3.5 Korea 8.3.6 Singapore 8.3.7 Summary 8.4 Prospects for NR-V2X Spectrum References Chapter 9: C-V2X Industrial Developments and Applications 9.1 C-V2X Ecosystem 9.2 C-V2X Industrial Alliances 9.2.1 5GAA 9.2.2 IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group C-V2X Working Group 9.3 C-V2X Interoperability Test 9.3.1 Progress in China 9.3.1.1 Three Layers ``Chipset, Terminals, OMEs´´ Interoperability V2X Application Demonstration in 2018 9.3.1.2 C-V2X ``Four Layers´´ Interoperability Application Demonstration in 2019 9.3.1.3 C-V2X ``New Four Layers´´ & Large-Scale Pilot Demonstration in 2020 9.3.1.4 C-V2X Cross-Industry (Shanghai, Suzhou and Wuxi) Pilot Demonstration (CAICT n.d.-b) in 2021 9.3.2 Global Progress 9.3.2.1 The First 5GAA C-V2X Interoperability (IOT) Test (5GAA 2019; DEKRA 2019) in 2019 9.3.2.2 The First ETSI C-V2X Plugtests & Second 5GAA IoT Test (Anon 2019d) in 2019 9.3.2.3 Second ETSI C-V2X Plugtests (ETSI 2020; Anon 2019e) in 2020 9.3.2.4 Third C-V2X PLUGTESTS in 2022 9.3.2.5 OmniAir Michigan Plugfest in 2021 9.4 C-V2X Demonstration and Pilot Development 9.4.1 Progress in China 9.4.2 Global Progress 9.4.2.1 5GAA Live Demo Event in Berlin (C-V2X 2019) 9.4.2.2 The Convex Project (The Convex Project n.d.; Anon 2020) 9.4.2.3 C-V2X Communication Technology Deployment in United States Work Zone and Vulnerable Road User Use Case Traffic Signal Information Use Case 9.5 C-V2X Conformity Assessment Scheme 9.5.1 Progress in China 9.5.2 Progress in Other Countries/Regions 9.5.2.1 The EU 9.5.2.2 The U.S. 9.5.3 5GAA & GCF C-V2X Certification Program 9.6 Commercial Practice 9.6.1 BRT Application in Xiamen 9.6.1.1 Background & Application Requirements 9.6.1.2 Application Scenarios Real-Time Vehicle-Road Coordination Intelligent Vehicle Speed Strategy Safe and Precise Parking Collision Avoidance beyond Visual Range 9.6.2 Highway Scenario-Shiyu Highway Smart Highway Project Based on C-V2X 9.6.2.1 Background & Application Requirements 9.6.2.2 Deployment Plan 9.7 Summary References Chapter 10: Prospects for C-V2X Applications and Technology Evolution 10.1 Prospects for C-V2X Applications 10.1.1 Capability of C-V2X for Intelligent Transportation and Automated Driving Applications 10.1.2 C-V2X Enabled Applications for Intelligent Driving and Intelligent Transportation 10.1.3 Envisioned Application Phases of C-V2X 10.2 Prospects for C-V2X Technologies 10.2.1 Channel Modeling for V2X Wireless Communications 10.2.1.1 Hybrid Geometry-Based Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling Approach (Dynamic Scatterers/Vehicular Traffic Density) 10.2.1.2 Measurement and Modeling of mmWave Time-Varying V2X Channels 10.2.1.3 Three-Dimensional Space-Time-Frequency Non-Stationary Modeling 10.2.1.4 Multipath Tracking and Dynamic Clustering Analysis in Highly Dynamic Scenarios 10.2.1.5 Channel Prediction Based on Machine Learning and Scene Recognition 10.2.1.6 Vehicular Channel Modeling Framework for Integrated Communication and Sensing Systems 10.2.2 High-Definition Positioning Based on 5G and B5G 10.2.2.1 Innovation of B5G Wireless Network Architecture 10.2.2.2 Positioning Enhancements Based on B5G Signals 10.2.2.3 High Accuracy Measurement Algorithm and Multi-Level Fusion Algorithm of Positioning 10.2.2.4 Seamless Indoor and Outdoor Positioning Based on Collaborative Positioning 10.2.2.5 Carrier Phase Positioning Technology Based on 5G Signals 10.2.3 Radar-Communication Integration in V2X 10.2.3.1 Communication-Aided Radar Detection 10.2.3.2 Radar-Aided Communication Network 10.2.3.3 Joint Allocation of Heterogeneous Resources 10.2.3.4 Fast Channel Estimation and Beam Alignment 10.2.3.5 Joint Cross-Layer Optimization 10.2.3.6 Model-Assisted Sensing and Learning 10.2.4 Integration of C-V2X and MEC 10.2.4.1 On-Demand Deployment of Edge Resources 10.2.4.2 Joint Scheduling of Communication and Computation Resources 10.2.4.3 Coordinated Mobility Management for High Mobility Scenario 10.2.5 Block-Chain Based V2X Security 10.2.5.1 Client-Oriented Fine-grained Dynamic Access Control Mechanism 10.2.5.2 Cryptography-Based Communication Protocol Assists to Secure Data Transmission of Blockchain 10.2.5.3 Distributed Key Distribution for Communication Protocols 10.2.5.4 Design of Lightweight Consensus Mechanism 10.2.5.5 Enrichment and Improvement of the Security Architecture of the V2X Based on Blockchain 10.3 Summary References