Cellular dialogues in the holobiont

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Series Page......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Series Preface......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Contributors......Page 12
 1.1 The symbiosis space......Page 16
 1.2 Chemical cues mediate symbiotic interactions......Page 17
 1.3 How do specific symbiotic interactions begin? Examples from the pre-symbiosis space......Page 18
 1.4 Bacterially induced metamorphosis of marine invertebrate animals......Page 19
 1.5 Bacterial induction of metamorphosis in Hydroides elegans......Page 20
 1.6 Identification of larval metamorphic cues from biofilm bacteria......Page 22
 1.7 How variability of inductive bacteria and identified settlement cues relate to variable larval settlement and recruitment......Page 23
 References......Page 25
 2.1 Introduction......Page 32
 2.2 Cytoplasm as microcosm......Page 33
 2.3 Eukaryotes inside eukaryotes (inside other eukaryotes)......Page 38
 2.4 Ectosymbiosis: It’s a jungle out there......Page 40
 2.5 Microbial symbioses: Power struggles in time and space......Page 42
 References......Page 44
 3.1 Introduction......Page 50
 3.2 How many symbionts are known to be present and where do they occur?......Page 53
 3.3 Do all placozoans harbor both G. incantans and R. eludens?......Page 54
 3.4 Intracellular locations of the placozoan symbionts......Page 55
 3.5 Unusual mitochondria in placozoan fiber cells and their possible relationship to symbiosis......Page 56
 3.6 Molecular inferences on the nature of the Trichoplax-bacteria symbioses......Page 58
 3.7 How are the bacterial symbionts of placozoans transmitted between generations?......Page 59
 3.8 Some big questions remaining and suggestions for their resolution......Page 60
 References......Page 61
 4.1 Introduction......Page 64
 4.2 Host–bacteria dialogue......Page 66
  4.2.1 Sponge immune receptors......Page 68
  4.2.2 Microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)......Page 69
 4.3 Bacteria–bacteria dialogue......Page 70
  4.3.1 Quorum sensing......Page 71
 4.4 Phage-bacteria–host dialogue......Page 72
  4.4.2 Ankyphages aid symbionts in immune evasion......Page 73
 References......Page 74
 5.1 Introduction......Page 80
  5.2.1 Location and transmission of the photobiont......Page 81
  5.2.3 Establishment and maintenance of the Chlorella-Hydra symbiosis......Page 83
  5.2.4 Molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining the symbiosis......Page 84
  5.3.1 Spatial localization of the bacteria in the Hydra host......Page 85
  5.3.3 The innate immune system shapes the host microbiome......Page 87
  5.3.5 Crosstalk between the microbiota and the nervous system......Page 88
 5.4 Conclusion: Hydra, an excellent model to understand inter-species interactions......Page 89
 References......Page 90
 6.1 Introduction......Page 94
 6.2 Hydra and Curvibacter: The ideal duo to understand inter-kingdom communications......Page 95
 6.3 Spatial localization and transmission of Curvibacter......Page 96
 6.5 Curvibacter function in the Hydra metaorganism......Page 98
 6.6 Inter-kingdom communication between Hydra and Curvibacter......Page 99
 6.7 Outlook......Page 100
 References......Page 101
Chapter 7: The coral holobiont highlights the dependence of cnidarian animal hosts on their associated microbes......Page 106
 7.1 Introduction: The coral holobiont as an ecosystem engineer and its reliance on associated microbes......Page 107
  7.2.1 Symbiodiniaceae: Micro-algal engines of the coral holobiont machinery......Page 109
  7.2.2 Innate immunity, symbiosis sensing, and cell signaling......Page 110
  7.2.3 Coral bleaching: The breakdown of the coral–Symbiodiniaceae relationship......Page 111
  7.4.1 The host as a habitat......Page 112
  7.4.2 Diversity of coral-associated bacteria and interspecies interactions......Page 115
  7.4.3 Acquisition of bacterial associates and their roles in early coral life-stages......Page 116
  7.4.5 Contribution of bacteria to holobiont nutrient cycling......Page 117
  7.4.6 Archaea associated with the coral holobiont......Page 118
  7.4.7 Protists and fungi associated with the coral holobiont......Page 119
 7.5 Summary and Outlook......Page 120
 References......Page 121
 8.1 Introduction: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for studying the holobiont......Page 134
 8.2 The C. elegans gut microbiome and the factors that shape it......Page 135
 8.3 The intestinal niche......Page 136
 8.4 Host immunity and its role in shaping the intestinal niche......Page 137
 8.5 Multitissue contributions of TGFß signaling control anterior gut commensal abundance and function......Page 140
 8.6 TGFß signaling and cell nonautonomous regulation of intestinal function......Page 141
 8.7 Conclusions and future prospects: Convergence with other systems of host–symbiont interactions......Page 143
 References......Page 144
 9.1 Introduction......Page 150
 9.2 Bryozoans, Bugula spp., and Bugula neritina......Page 152
 9.3 Bryostatins......Page 154
 9.4 Bryostatin production by the bacterial symbiont of B. neritina......Page 155
 9.5 Defensive role of bryostatins......Page 156
 9.6 Impacts of symbiont and symbiont-produced metabolites on host physiology......Page 158
 9.7 Bryostatins and symbionts in closely related genera......Page 159
 Acknowledgments......Page 161
 References......Page 162
 10.1 Introduction......Page 168
 10.2 Features of the Euprymna scolopes-Vibrio fischeri association as a model symbiosis......Page 169
 10.3 Host activities before symbiont colonization: Embryogenesis and early posthatching......Page 170
 10.4 Early posthatching activity that mediates species and strain specificity of the association......Page 172
 10.5 Colonization and early development......Page 174
 10.6 The basis of a stable symbiosis: Daily rhythms and maturation of the symbiotic organ......Page 178
 References......Page 181
 11.1 Introduction......Page 188
 11.2 Roles of Hemipteran symbionts: Nutrition and beyond......Page 189
 11.3 Genome evolution in Hemipteran symbionts......Page 192
  11.4.1 Intracellular symbioses: Transovarial transmission and bacteriome development......Page 194
  11.4.2 Extracellular symbioses: External transmission and the midgut......Page 198
  11.5.1 Evolution of mechanisms to maintain and regulate symbionts......Page 199
  11.5.2 Symbiont self-help and self-regulation......Page 201
  11.5.3 Symbiont-symbiont support......Page 202
  11.5.4 Host support and regulation of nutritional synthesis in symbionts......Page 203
  11.5.5 Host support and regulation of other symbiont cell functions......Page 205
 11.6 Conclusion......Page 206
 References......Page 207
 12.1 Introduction......Page 216
 12.2 Weevil–Nardonella endosymbiosis......Page 217
 12.3 Nardonella genome is extremely reduced and specialized for tyrosine synthesis......Page 218
 12.5 Nardonella-harboring bacteriome as a tyrosine-producing organ......Page 219
 12.6 Suppression of Nardonella by antibiotic and its effects on tyrosine and DOPA provisioning......Page 221
 12.8 Incomplete tyrosine synthesis pathway of Nardonella and complementation by host genes......Page 222
 12.10 Insights from weevil-Nardonella symbiosis: How do symbiont replacements proceed?......Page 224
 12.11 Symbiosis for insect cuticle formation: General phenomena across diverse insect taxa......Page 225
 12.12 Conclusion and perspective......Page 226
 References......Page 227
 13.1 Introduction......Page 232
 13.2 Deconstructing the plant cell wall......Page 233
 13.3 Symbiont-mediated evasion of plant defenses......Page 238
 13.4 Niche preservation......Page 240
 13.5 Conclusions......Page 241
 References......Page 242
 14.1 Introduction......Page 248
 14.2 Development under immune surveillance......Page 249
 14.3 Developmental plasticity at the luminal interface......Page 251
 14.4 Beyond the lumen: A secreted bacterial protein impacts pancreas development......Page 254
 14.5 Conclusions......Page 255
 References......Page 256
 15.1 Introduction......Page 260
 15.2 A history of symbiotic interactions captured within microbial and host genomes......Page 262
 15.3 Capturing symbiotic signals within coding regions of the host genome......Page 263
 15.4 Uncovering specific symbiotic signals in host transcriptional programs......Page 264
 15.5 Specific symbiotic signals within regulatory regions linked to microbiota-regulated genes......Page 267
 15.6 Evolutionary conservation of cis-regulatory regions......Page 268
 15.7 A case study—conserved microbial suppression of Angptl4......Page 270
 15.8 Prospectus......Page 271
 References......Page 273
 16.1 Introduction: Multi-partite microbial interactions in the plant phyllosphere......Page 282
 16.2 The plant immune system as a microbial management system......Page 285
  16.2.1 Do pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) direct microbiota assembly?......Page 286
  16.2.2 Do intra-cellular NLR proteins contribute to assembly of microbial consortia?......Page 288
  16.2.3 Interactions of plant pathogens and the plant microbiota: Systemic effects in susceptible and resistant plants......Page 289
 16.3 Microbial effectors mediate plant-microbe interactions......Page 292
 Acknowledgments......Page 294
 References......Page 295
Chapter 17: Cellular dialogues between hosts and microbial symbionts: Generalities emerging......Page 302
 References......Page 305
Index......Page 306