Cell Determination During Hematopoiesis (Cell Biology Research Progress)

CELL DETERMINATION DURING HEMATOPOIESIS......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
From the Editors......Page 9
Foreword......Page 11
Abbreviations......Page 13
Abstract......Page 17
The Classical Developmental Model of the Hematopoietic System......Page 18
Alternate Lineage Restriction and Cell Fate Specification......Page 21
Molecular Principles Underlying Cell Fate Determination......Page 22
Micro-RNAnas: New Players Involved in Cell Fate Determination......Page 25
Epigenetic Modifications and Changes in Nuclear Compartmentalization during Cell Fate Determination......Page 26
Mathematical Modeling of Hematopoietic Gene Regulatory Networks......Page 27
References......Page 33
Abstract......Page 41
Maturation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells......Page 42
Identification of Lymphoid and Myeloid Lineage Restricted Progenitors and the “Classical” Model of Hematopoiesis......Page 43
Revision to the “Classical” Model: Asymmetrical Lymphoid and Myeloid Lineage Segregation at the MPP Stage......Page 44
Which Bone Marrow Cell Population Travels to the Thymus to Become T Cells?......Page 45
Lineage Priming in Progenitors Prior to Lineage Commitment......Page 46
Transcriptional Regulation in Cell Fate Determination......Page 48
Insights into Lineage Commitment from Lineage Conversion......Page 49
Initiation of the Lymphocyte Developmental Program in the MPP Population......Page 51
Stochastic and Instructive Roles of Cytokines in Hematopoietic Differentiation......Page 53
Influence of Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Lymphoid and Myeloid Lineage Differentiation......Page 55
Acknowledgments......Page 57
References......Page 58
Introduction......Page 69
The Mature Myeloid Phenotype......Page 71
Eosinophils......Page 72
Transcription Factors in Developmental Steps from Hematopoietic Stem Cell to Granulocytes and Monocytes......Page 73
CCAAT Enhancer-Binding Proteins are Master Regulators of Myelopoiesis......Page 74
Box 2. C/EBP Family of Transcription Factors......Page 75
Ligand-Responsive Nuclear Receptors Enhance Myeloid Differentiation......Page 77
Box 3. RAR and VDR Nucelar Receptors......Page 78
Lineage–Specific Myeloid Growth Factors Ensure Survival and Proliferation......Page 79
Intracellular Signaling Pathways Modulate the Activity of Master Regulators......Page 80
Control of Monomyelopoiesis by MicroRNAs......Page 82
Acknowledgements......Page 84
References......Page 85
Abstract......Page 95
Introduction......Page 96
DC Classifiers......Page 97
Resident......Page 98
Plasmacytoids......Page 99
Interstitial DCs......Page 100
Cytokines......Page 101
Transcription Factors......Page 103
GM-CSF-Derived DCs and Inflammatory Tip DCs: One and the Same?......Page 105
Flt3 Ligand-Derived DCs Represent Steady-StateCD8–, CD8+ and pDCs......Page 106
Determined so Far…......Page 107
Blood-Derived or Organ-Resident Precursors......Page 109
Do DCs Represent a ‘3rd Lineage’?......Page 110
Graded Commitment Model......Page 111
New Technologies for Single Cell Tracing......Page 114
Notes added in proof......Page 115
References......Page 116
Abstract......Page 137
Lineage Commitmentin the Hematopoietic System......Page 138
B Lymphocyte Development......Page 139
The Early Events in B Lymphocyte-Specification......Page 141
B lymphocyte Commitment: Roles for Pax5, EBF1 and Ikaros......Page 143
The Maintenance of B Lymphocyte Commitment......Page 145
The Down-Regulation of the B Lymphocyte Program during Plasma Cell Differentiation......Page 147
Conclusion......Page 148
References......Page 149
Abstract......Page 157
Introduction......Page 158
Box 1. Similarities between Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis and Thymopoiesis......Page 159
Box 2. Early Stages of T Cell Development......Page 160
T Cell Precursors in the Mouse......Page 163
Box 3. T-Lineage Precursors Cells in the Bone Marrow, Blood and Thymus of the Adult Mouse......Page 165
Human T Cell Progenitors......Page 166
Box 4. The Essential Role for Notch Signaling at the Initial Phase of TLineage Specification......Page 168
Transcriptional Regulators that Mediate Early T Cell Specification......Page 170
Role of Notch Signaling during Early T Cell Differentiation......Page 171
Interplay between Notch and GATA during Early T Cell Development......Page 173
Box 5. Schematic overview of the interplay between Notch and GATA-3......Page 174
Initial intra T-Cell Lineage Decisions: TCR-αβ versus TCR-γδ Differentiation......Page 176
Conclusion......Page 177
References......Page 178
Abstract......Page 195
Introduction......Page 196
NK Cell Development: General Comments......Page 197
Immature NK Cells (iNK)......Page 198
NK Cell Education towards Self-MHC......Page 199
ITAM-Bearing Receptors......Page 202
NKG2D......Page 203
SLAM-Family Receptors......Page 204
Mature NK Cells in the Peripheral Tissues are Heterogeneous......Page 205
Transcription Factors......Page 207
Soluble Factors......Page 208
NK Cell Development at Different Tissue Sites: Thymus......Page 209
NK Cell Development at Different Tissue Sites: Lymph Nodes......Page 210
NK Cell Development at Different Tissue Sites: Intestinal Tract......Page 211
Acknowledgments......Page 212
References......Page 213
Abstract......Page 221
The Role of the Thymus......Page 222
Definition and Characterization......Page 223
Endodermal Origins......Page 226
Thymocyte Independent TEC Patterning......Page 227
Thymocyte Dependent TEC Patterning......Page 228
Lineage Model of TEC Differentiation......Page 230
A Progenitor Sufficient to Generate Both Ctec cTEC and MtecmTEC......Page 231
Transcription Factors......Page 233
Wnts......Page 236
BMPs......Page 237
Late Mediators of TEC Differentiation and Function......Page 239
Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B (RANK) and CD40......Page 240
New Beginnings......Page 242
New Animal Models to Study TEC Development and Function......Page 243
Acknowledgments......Page 244
References......Page 245
Abstract......Page 257
Introduction......Page 258
Characterization and Origin of Fetal LTi Cells......Page 259
LTi Cell Localization and Cell-Cell Interactions in Developing Lymphoid Organs......Page 261
The Roles of Cytokines and Chemokines in LtiLTi Cell Biology......Page 264
LTi Cells in the Adult......Page 267
Conclusion......Page 268
References......Page 269
Abstract......Page 277
Introduction......Page 278
The Sequential Determination Model......Page 279
Lymphoid/Myeloid Progenitors in the Bone Marrow......Page 280
Multiple Routes towards a Particular Fate......Page 281
A Continuum Depiction of Lineage Inter-Relationships and their Links to Progressive Specification during Hematopoiesis......Page 282
Evolutionary Emergence of the Mammalian Hematopoietic Repertoire......Page 285
Mapping Transcription Factor Requirements onto the Pair-Wise Relationships Model......Page 286
Progression of Lineage Restriction towards a Single Fate......Page 289
Environmental Signals Influence the Progress of Cells towards TF-Prescribed Lineage Options......Page 290
Conclusion......Page 291
References......Page 292
Introduction......Page 301
Mammalian Haematopoiesis......Page 302
Regulation of the Globin Lociduring Erythropoiesis......Page 304
Chromatin Loops Allow Interactions between Widely Spaced Regulatory Elements......Page 306
Loop Reconfiguration during Development Correlates with Altered Gene Expression Status......Page 308
Insulation Loops Cluster and Inhibit Gene Expression......Page 310
Imprinting Loops are Ableto Control Allelic Exclusion......Page 311
The Nuclear Compartmentalization of the Genome......Page 312
Nuclear Localization: A Cause or Consequence of Transcriptional Status?......Page 313
Chromatin Mobility within the Nucleus......Page 314
The Three-Dimensional Organization of the Genome......Page 316
Epigenetics and Disease: Epigenetic Drugs......Page 317
References......Page 318
Index......Page 327