Cell Adhesion and Migration in Skin Disease (Cell Adhesion and Communication)

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE TO THE SERIES......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 10
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 16
REFERENCES......Page 20
CELL—CELL ATTACHMENT......Page 22
INTRODUCTION......Page 23
Loricrin......Page 25
Elafin......Page 27
Profilaggrin/Filaggrin......Page 28
Envoplakin......Page 29
Corneodesmosin......Page 30
Vohwinkel’s Syndrome and Loricrin Mutations......Page 31
Progressive Symmetric Erythrokeratoderma and Loricrin Mutations......Page 33
POSSIBILITIES OF FUTURE GENE THERAPY FOR DISORDERS OF THE CE......Page 34
REFERENCES......Page 35
THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS......Page 41
KERATINS: PROTEIN DOMAIN STRUCTURE......Page 44
Keratins: the Type I and Type II Intermediate Filaments......Page 45
Mutations in Keratin Genes Cause a Wide Range of Human Diseases......Page 49
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex......Page 50
Recessive Forms of EBS—Nature’s Gene Knockout Experiments......Page 53
Mutations in K1 and K10 Cause The Skin Thickening Disease BCIE......Page 54
K9 Mutations Cause EPPK—Fragility of Palm and Sole Skin......Page 55
Pachyonychia—Thick Nails due to Mutations in K6a, K6b, K16 & K17......Page 56
Monilethrix—Beaded Hair Due to Mutations in Hair Keratins......Page 57
More Keratins, More Associated Molecules, More Diseases......Page 59
Prevention and Therapy of Keratin Diseases......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 62
INTRODUCTION......Page 71
Desmosomal Glycoproteins and Cell Adhesion......Page 72
(ii) Dsc and Dsg can interact heterophilically.......Page 73
(v) Cell adhesion recognition (CAR) sites function in desmosomal glycoprotein interaction......Page 75
(viii) Clustering of Dsc and Dsg is dependent on the extracellular domains......Page 76
(ix) Classical cadherin-mediated adhesion is not required to initiate adhesive interactions of desmosomal glycoproteins......Page 77
Cytoplasmic Interactions of Desmosomal Glycoproteins......Page 78
Desmosomal Glycoproteins in Epidermis......Page 79
Plakoglobin and Plakophilin......Page 82
Desmoplakin......Page 86
Desmoplakin Homologues: Envoplakin, Periplakin and Plectin......Page 88
Intermediate Filament Attachment and Accessory Plaque Proteins......Page 89
CONCLUSION......Page 90
REFERENCES......Page 91
CELL—MATRIX ATTACHMENT......Page 102
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DERMAL-EPIDERMAL BMZ......Page 103
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT-HEMIDESMOSOME INTERACTIONS......Page 104
PLECTIN......Page 105
a6B4 INTEGRIN......Page 108
COLLAGEN XVII......Page 109
LAMININS OF THE DERMAL-EPIDERMAL BMZ......Page 111
ANCHORING COMPLEX—BMZ ASSOCIATIONS......Page 113
COLLAGEN VII......Page 114
SUMMARY......Page 115
REFERENCES......Page 117
INTRODUCTION......Page 121
ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND MOLECULAR FEATURES OF HEMIDESMOSOMES......Page 122
The Plectin Family of Proteins......Page 125
The 180-kD Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen (BPAG2)—The Type XVII Collagen......Page 127
HEMIDESMOSOMAL PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS......Page 128
Plectin Mutations in Patients with EB-MD......Page 130
Clinical Features and Molecular Basis of Generalized Atrophie Benign Epidermolysis Bullosa (GABEB)......Page 131
The a6B4 Integrin Mutations in Epidermolysis Bullosa with Pyloric Atresia (EB-PA)......Page 136
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF BASIC RESEARCH ON HERITABLE SKIN DISEASES......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 140
INTRODUCTION......Page 146
Morphology and Suprastructure of the DEJZ......Page 147
Molecular Components of the DEJZ......Page 148
Intracellular proteins......Page 149
Transmembrane proteins of basal keratinocytes......Page 150
Anchoring filament and lamina lucida proteins......Page 151
Lamina densa proteins......Page 152
Anchoring fibril proteins......Page 153
Biosynthesis, Processing and Regulation of DEJZ Components......Page 154
Acquired Disorders of Dermal-Epidermal Adhesion: Autoantibodies to DEJZ Molecules......Page 155
EBS: a disorder affecting keratin intermediate filaments......Page 157
JEB: abnormalities of the anchoring filaments......Page 159
DEB: abnormalities of anchoring fibrils......Page 161
Molecular heterogeneity of DEB......Page 162
Skin Blistering Phenotypes—Lessons for Normal Biology......Page 164
Animal Models for Acquired and Heritable Blistering Skin Diseases......Page 166
Future Perspectives......Page 167
REFERENCES......Page 168
LEUKOCYTE TRAFFICKING IN SKIN DISEASES......Page 178
8. INTRODUCTION......Page 179
INTEGRINS......Page 180
IMMUNOGLOBINS......Page 182
REFERENCES:......Page 184
LYMPHOCYTES IN NORMAL SKIN......Page 185
(i) L-selectin and its ligands......Page 186
(ii) E-selectin and its ligands......Page 187
(iii) P-selectin and its ligand......Page 188
Integrins and their ligands......Page 189
(i) b2 integrins and their ligands......Page 190
(ii) The β1 integrins and their ligands......Page 191
Other adhesion molecules......Page 193
The Dynamic Model of Lymphocyte Endothelium Interaction......Page 194
Molecules Required for T Lymphocyte Migration to the Skin......Page 195
Cellular distribution of CLA......Page 196
Molecular aspects of CLA......Page 197
CLA+ T cells in the circulation mirror their counterparts in the skin......Page 198
CLA in the interaction of T cells with endothelium......Page 199
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 202
INTRODUCTION......Page 217
CD28, A POSITIVE REGULATOR OF T-CELL ACTIVATION......Page 218
CTLA-4, A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF T-CELL ACTIVATION......Page 221
THE ROLE OF CD40L IN COSTIMULATION AND T-CELL ACTIVATION......Page 223
THE COMPLEXITIES OF T-CELL ACTIVATION AND COSTIMULATION......Page 224
T-CELL ACCESSORY MOLECULE EXPRESSION IN INFLAMMATORY AND MALIGNANT SKIN DISEASES......Page 226
REFERENCES......Page 229
NORMAL CUTANEOUS INFLAMMATION......Page 236
SECONDARY EFFECTS OF INFLAMMATION: PERTURBATION OF SKIN ARCHITECTURE......Page 237
CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY: A MODEL OF SKIN INFLAMMATION......Page 238
REGULATORY CIRCUITS IN INFLAMMATION......Page 239
The Flaky Skin Mouse......Page 240
The Chronic Proliferative Dermatitis Mouse......Page 241
The Motheaten Mouse......Page 242
ENGINEERED GENETIC MODELS: CYTOKINES EXPRESSED IN SKIN......Page 243
IL-7 AND SKIN......Page 244
IL-1 AND SKIN......Page 248
KERATINOCYTE EXPRESSION OF INTEGRINS......Page 249
REFERENCES......Page 250
DEVELOPMENT OF LANGERHANS CELLS FROM HEMOPOIETIC PRECURSORS (HPC) (FIGURE)......Page 256
LANGERHANS CELL HOMING TO THE SKIN (FIG.)......Page 257
LANGERHANS CELL EMIGRATION AND HOMING TO SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS (FIG.)......Page 258
REFERENCES......Page 261
INTRODUCTION......Page 266
Endothelial Cells......Page 268
ROLE OF ADHESION MOLECULES IN PSORIASIS......Page 269
Ultraviolet Light......Page 270
Cetirizine......Page 271
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)......Page 272
CO-STIMULATORY MOLECULES......Page 273
REFERENCES......Page 274
INDEX......Page 279