CD to Foundations of Electronics

Foundations of Electronics
	Dedication
	Contents
	Preface
	Acknowledgments
	About the Author
	Introduction
	Part 1 Foundational Concepts
		Chapter 1 - Basic Concepts of Electricity  3
			1-1 General Information Regarding the Field of Electronics  4
			1-2 Definition, Physical and Chemical States of Matter  7
			1-3 Composition of Matter  7
			1-4 Structure of the Atom  7
			1-5 Concept of the Electron Theory  11
			1-6 Ions  12
			1-7 Energies That Change Electrical Balance  12
			1-8 Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators  13
			1-9 Sample of an Electrical System  14
			1-10 Basic Principles of Static Electricity  15
			1-11 Electrical Potential  18
			1-12 Charges in Motion  19
			1-13 Three Important Electrical Quantities  21
			1-14 Basic Electrical Circuit Generalized Description  21
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Review Questions
			Analysis Questions
		Chapter 2 - Electrical Quantities and Components  27
			2-1 Basic Electrical Units and Abbreviations  28
			2-2 Using the Metric System to Help  30
			2-3 Conductors and Their Characteristics  31
			2-4 Resistors  37
			2-5 Resistor Color Code  40
			2-6 Measuring Voltage, Current, and Resistance with Meters  44
			2-7 Diagrams Used for Electronic Shorthand  49
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Review Questions
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
	Part 2 Basic Circuit Analysis
		Chapter 3 - Ohm\'s Law  61
			3-1 Ohm’s Law and Relationships between Electrical Quantities  61
			3-2 Three Common Arrangements for the Ohm’s Law Equation  65
			3-3 Sample Application of Metric Prefixes and Powers of 10  68
			3-4 Direction of Current Flow  70
			3-5 Polarity and Voltage  71
			3-6 Comparison of Circuit Current Directions from DC and AC Sources  71
			3-7 Work, Energy, and Power  73
			3-8 Measuring Electrical Energy Consumption  74
			3-9 Commonly Used Versions of Ohm’s Law and Power Formulas  76
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
		Chapter 4 - Series Circuits  85
			4-1 Definition and Characteristics of a Series Circuit  86
			4-2 Resistance in Series Circuits  87
			4-3 Voltage in Series Circuits  89
			4-4 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law  92
			4-5 Power in Series Circuits  94
			4-6 Effects of Opens in Series Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints  95
			4-7 Effects of Shorts in Series Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints  96
			4-8 Designing a Series Circuit to Specifications  99
			4-9 Special Applications  100
			4-10 Critical Thinking and the SIMPLER Troubleshooting Sequence  107
			4-11 Introduction to Troubleshooting Skills  107
			4-12 The SIMPLER Sequence for Troubleshooting  107
			4-13 Troubleshooting Levels  108
			4-14 A “Systems” Approach to Troubleshooting  111
			4-15 Using the SIMPLER Sequence: (A Closer Look at ComponentLevel Troubleshooting) a Single-Component Level Example  114
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
		Chapter 5 - Parallel Circuits  129
			5-1 Definition and Characteristics of a Parallel Circuit  130
			5-2 Voltage in Parallel Circuits  131
			5-3 Current in Parallel Circuits  132
			5-4 Kirchhoff’s Current Law  132
			5-5 Resistance in Parallel Circuits  134
			5-6 Methods to Calculate Total Resistance (RT)  134
			5-7 Power in Parallel Cireuits  142
			5-8 Effects of Opens in Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints  143
			5-9 Effects of Shorts in Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints  144
			5-10 Similarities and Differences between Series and Parallel Circuits  146
			5-11 Designing a Parallel Circuit to Specifications  146
			5-12 Sources in Parallel  148
			5-13 Current Dividers  148
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
		Chapter 6 - Series-Parallel Circuits  165
			6-1 What Is a Series-Parallel Circuit?  166
			6-2 Approaches to Recognize and Analyze Series and Parallel Circuit Portions  167
			6-3 Total Resistance in Series-Parallel Circuits  169
			6-4 Current in Series-Parallel Circuits  173
			6-5 Voltage in Series-Parallel Circuits  175
			6-6 Power in Series-Parallel Circuits  179
			6-7 Effects of Opens in Series-Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints  180
			6-8 Effects of Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints  182
			6-9 Designing a Series-Parallel Circuit to Specifications  184
			6-10 Loaded Voltage Dividers  184
			6-11 The Wheatstone Bridge Circuit  192
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 5  203
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 6  207
		Chapter 7 - Basic Network Theorems  209
			7-1 Some Important Terms  210
			7-2 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem  211
			7-3 Superposition Theorem  215
			7-4 Thevenin’s Theorem  219
			7-5 Norton’s Theorem  223
			7-6 Converting Norton and Thevenin Equivalent Parameters  226
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
		Chapter 8 - Network Analysis Techniques  233
			8-1 Assumed Loop or Mesh Current Analysis Approach  234
			8-2 Nodal Analysis Approach  239
			8-3 Conversions of Delta and Wye Networks  243
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
	Part 3 Producing and Measuring Electrical Quantities
		Chapter 9 - Magnetism and Electromagnetism  255
			9-1 Background Information  256
			9-2 Fundamental Laws, Rules, and Terms to Describe Magnetism  257
			9-3 Elemental Electromagnetism  260
			9-4 Important Magnetic Units, Terms, Symbols, and Formulas  265
			9-5 Practical Considerations about Core Materials  267
			9-6 The B-H Curve  267
			9-7 The Hysteresis Loop  269
			9-8 Induction and Related Effects  271
			9-9 Faraday’s Law  273
			9-10 Lenz’s Law and Reciprocal Effects of Motors and Generators  275
			9-11 Some Practical Applications of Magnetism  277
			9-12 Other Topics Related to Magnetism  281
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
		Chapter 10 - Measuring Instruments  287
			10-1 Digital Multimeters (DMMs)  288
			10-2 Analog Multimeters (VOMs)  290
			10-3 Voltmeter Loading Effects  291
			10-4 Special Purpose Measuring Devices  294
			10-5 Troubleshooting Hints and Useful Measuring Techniques  295
			10-6 Closing Comments about Measuring Instruments  299
			Summary
			Review Questions
			Analysis Questions
		Chapter 11 - Basic AC Quantities  301
			11-1 Background Information  302
			11-2 Generating an AC Voltage  305
			11-3 Rate of Change  310
			11-4 Introductory Information Summary Regarding AC Sine-Wave Signals  311
			11-5 Some Basic Sine-Wave Waveform Descriptors  311
			11-6 Period and Frequency  312
			11-7 Phase Relationships  314
			11-8 Important AC Sine-Wave Current and Voltage Values  316
			11-9 The Purely Resistive AC Circuit  318
			11-10 Other Periodic Waveforms  320
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
		Chapter 12 - The Oscilloscope  331
			12-1 Background Information  332
			12-2 Key Sections of the Scope  334
			12-3 Combining Horizontal and Vertical Signals to View a Waveform  338
			12-4 Measuring Voltage and Determining Current with the Scope  340
			12-5 Using the Scope for Phase Comparisons  342
			12-6 Determining Frequency with the Scope  343
			12-7 A Test Device Often Used with Circuits and Scopes  346
			Summary
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 7  349
	Part 4 Reactive Components
		Chapter 13 - Inductance  355
			13-1 Background Information  356
			13-2 Review of Faraday’s and Lenz’s Laws  358
			13-3 Self-Inductance  359
			13-4 Factors That Determine Inductance Value of Inductors  360
			13-5 Inductors in Series and Parallel  361
			13-6 Energy Stored in the Inductor’s Magnetic Field  363
			13-7 The L/R Time Constant  365
			13-8 Using Epsilon (e) to Help Calculate Circuit Parameters  368
			13-9 Summary Comments about Inductors
			13-10 Troubleshooting Hints  373
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
		Chapter 14 - Inductive Reactance in AC  381
			14-1 V and l Relationships in a Purely Resistive AC Circuit  382
			14-2 V and / Relationships in a Purely Inductive AC Circuit  383
			14-3 Concept of Inductive Reactance  384
			14-4 Relationship of X L to Inductance Value  385
			14-5 Relationship of X , to Frequency of AC  386
			14-6 Methods to Calculate XL  387
			14-7 Inductive Reactances in Series and Parallel  389
			14-8 Summarizing Comments about Inductors Related to Inductive Reactance  390
			14-9 Inductor Q Factor  391
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 8  399
		Chapter 15 - RL Circuits in AC  403
			15-1 Review of Simple R and L Circuits  404
			15-2 Using Vectors to Describe and Determine Magnitude and Direction  406
			15-3 Introduction to Basic AC Circuit Analysis Techniques  407
			15-4 Fundamental Analysis of Series R L Circuits  410
			15-5 Fundamental Analysis of Parallel R L Circuits  418
			15-6 Examples of Practical Applications for Inductors and RL Circuits  424
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 9  435
		Chapter 16 - Basic Transformer Characteristics  439
			16-1 Background Information  440
			16-2 Coefficient of Coupling  440
			16-3 Mutual Inductance and Transformer Action  442
			16-4 Mutual Inductance between Coils Other Than Transformers  443
			16-5 Important Transformer Ratios  444
			16-6 Transformer Losses  450
			16-7 Characteristics of Selected Transformers  451
			16-8 Troubleshooting Hints  455
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
		Chapter 17 - Capacitance  465
			17-1 Definition and Description of a Capacitor  466
			17-2 The Electrostatic Field  466
			17-3 Charging and Discharging Action  467
			17-4 The Unit of Capacitance  469
			17-5 Energy Stored in Capacitor’s Electrostatic Field  470
			17-6 Factors Affecting Capacitance Value  471
			17-7 Capacitance Formulas  473
			17-8 Total Capacitance in Series and Parallel  475
			17-9 Finding Voltage When Three or More Capacitors Are in Series  477
			17-10 The R C Time Constant  478
			17-11 Types of Capacitors  482
			17-12 Typical Color Codes  488
			17-13 Typical Problems and Troubleshooting Techniques  488
			Summary
			Formulas arid Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 10  499
		Chapter 18 - Capacitive Reactance in AC  503
			18-1 V and I Relationships in a Purely Resistive AC Circuit  504
			18-2 V and / Relationships in a Purely Capacitive AC Circuit  504
			18-3 Concept of Capacitive Reactance  506
			18-4 Relationship of X c to Capacitance Value  506
			18-5 Relationship of X c to Frequency of AC  507
			18-6 Methods to Calculate Xc  507
			18-7 Capacitive Reactances in Series and Parallel  509
			18-8 Voltages, Currents, and Capacitive Reactances  511
			18-9 Final Comments about Capacitors and Capacitive Reactance  514
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGECIRCUIT 11  521
		Chapter 19 - RC Circuits in AC  525
			19-1 Review of Simple R and C Circuits  526
			19-2 Series R C Circuit Analysis  526
			19-3 Phase-Shift Applications of Series R C Networks  531
			19-4 Parallel R C Circuit Analysis  534
			19-5 Similarities and Differences between R C and R L Circuits  540
			19-6 Linear Waveshaping and Nonsinusoidal Waveforms  542
			19-7 Other Applications of R C Circuits  546
			19-8 Troubleshooting Hints and Considerations for R C Circuits  547
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
		Chapter 20 - RLC Circuit Analysis  555
			20-1 Basic R L C Circuit Analysis  557
			20-2 The Series R L C Circuit  560
			20-3 The Parallel R L C Circuit  565
			20-4 Power in AC Circuits  567
			20-5 Rectangular and Polar Vector Analysis  572
			20-6 Algebraic Operations  579
			20-7 Application of Rectangular and Polar Analysis  581
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 12
		Chapter 21 - Series and Parallel Resonance  595
			21-1 XL, Xc, and Frequency  596
			21-2 Series Resonance Characteristics  597
			21-3 The Resonant Frequency Formula  598
			21-4 Some Resonance Curves  601
			21-5 Q and R esonan t R ise o f Voltage  602
			21-6 Parallel Resonance Characteristics  604
			21-7 Parallel Resonance Formulas  605
			21-8 Effect of a Coupled Load on the Tuned Circuit  606
			21-9 Q and the Resonant Rise of Impedance  606
			21-10 Selectivity, Bandwidth, and Bandpass  607
			21-11 Measurements Related to Resonant Circuits  609
			21-12 Special Notations about Single Components  613
			21-13 Filter Applications of Nonresonant and Resonant RLC Circuits  614
			Summary
			Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
			Using Excel
			Review Questions
			Problems
			Analysis Questions
			MultiSIM Exercise
			Performance Projects Correlation Chart
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 13  631
			Troubleshooting Challenge CHALLENGE CIRCUIT 14  635
	APPENDIX A - Color Codes  639
	APPENDIX B - Answers  643
	APPENDIX C - Troubleshooting Challenge Test Results  669
	APPENDIX D - Using the Excel Formulas Templates Files  671
	APPENDIX E - Copper-Wire Table  675
	APPENDIX F - Useful Conversion Factors  676
	APPENDIX G - Schematic Symbols  677
	APPENDIX H - Glossary  678
	Index  690