CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide Exam 100-105, Exam 200-105, Exam 200-125

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Acknowledgments......Page 5
About the Author......Page 7
Contents at a Glance......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Cisco’s Network Certifications......Page 27
 Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT)......Page 28
 Cisco Certified Network Associate Routing and Switching (CCNA R/S)......Page 29
 How Do You Become a CCNA R/S......Page 30
What Does This Book Cover?......Page 31
What’s Available Online?......Page 34
How to Use This Book......Page 35
Where Do You Take the Exams?......Page 36
 Tips for Taking Your Cisco Exams......Page 37
 ICND1 Exam Objectives......Page 38
 ICND2 Exam Objectives......Page 42
 CCNA Exam Objectives (Composite Exam)......Page 45
Assessment Test......Page 52
Answers to Assessment Test......Page 63
Part I ICND1......Page 69
 Chapter 1 Internetworking......Page 71
  Internetworking Basics......Page 72
   The Layered Approach......Page 81
   Advantages of Reference Models......Page 82
  The OSI Reference Model......Page 83
   The Application Layer......Page 85
   The Transport Layer......Page 86
   The Network Layer......Page 92
   The Data Link Layer......Page 94
   The Physical Layer......Page 97
  Exam Essentials......Page 99
   Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions......Page 100
   Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains......Page 102
  Review Questions......Page 104
 Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation......Page 109
  Ethernet Networks in Review......Page 110
   Collision Domain......Page 111
   Broadcast Domain......Page 112
   CSMA/CD......Page 113
   Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet......Page 115
   Ethernet at the Data Link Layer......Page 117
   Ethernet at the Physical Layer......Page 123
   Straight-Through Cable......Page 127
   Crossover Cable......Page 128
   Rolled Cable......Page 130
   Fiber Optic......Page 132
  Data Encapsulation......Page 134
  The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model......Page 137
   The Distribution Layer......Page 139
  Summary......Page 140
  Exam Essentials......Page 141
   Written Lab 2.1: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion......Page 142
   Written Lab 2.2: CSMA/CD Operations......Page 145
   Written Lab 2.4: Encapsulation......Page 146
  Review Questions......Page 147
 Chapter 3 Introduction to TCP/IP......Page 153
  Introducing TCP/IP......Page 154
  TCP/IP and the DoD Model......Page 155
   The Process/Application Layer Protocols......Page 157
   The Host-to-Host or Transport Layer Protocols......Page 167
   The Internet Layer Protocols......Page 176
   IP Terminology......Page 184
   The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme......Page 185
   Private IP Addresses (RFC 1918)......Page 190
  IPv4 Address Types......Page 191
   Layer 3 Broadcasts......Page 192
   Unicast Address......Page 193
   Multicast Address......Page 194
  Exam Essentials......Page 195
   Written Lab 3.2: Mapping Applications to the DoD Model......Page 197
  Review Questions......Page 199
 Chapter 4 Easy Subnetting......Page 203
  Subnetting Basics......Page 204
   Subnet Masks......Page 206
   Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)......Page 208
   Subnetting Class C Addresses......Page 210
   Subnetting Class B Addresses......Page 222
   Subnetting Class A Addresses......Page 231
  Exam Essentials......Page 234
   Written Lab 4.1: Written Subnet Practice #1......Page 235
   Written Lab 4.2: Written Subnet Practice #2......Page 236
   Written Lab 4.3: Written Subnet Practice #3......Page 237
  Review Questions......Page 238
 Chapter 5 VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP......Page 243
  Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)......Page 244
   VLSM Design......Page 246
   Implementing VLSM Networks......Page 247
  Summarization......Page 254
  Troubleshooting IP Addressing......Page 257
   Determining IP Address Problems......Page 260
  Summary......Page 264
  Exam Essentials......Page 265
   Lab 5.1: Summarization Practice......Page 266
  Review Questions......Page 267
 Chapter 6 Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)......Page 273
   Cisco IOS......Page 274
   Connecting to a Cisco IOS Device......Page 275
  Command-Line Interface (CLI)......Page 277
   Overview of Router Modes......Page 278
   CLI Prompts......Page 279
   Editing and Help Features......Page 281
  Administrative Configurations......Page 286
   Banners......Page 287
   Setting Passwords......Page 289
   Encrypting Your Passwords......Page 295
   Descriptions......Page 297
  Router and Switch Interfaces......Page 299
   Bringing Up an Interface......Page 302
  Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations......Page 308
   Verifying Your Configuration......Page 310
  Summary......Page 323
  Exam Essentials......Page 324
  Hands-on Labs......Page 327
   Hands-on Lab 6.2: Exploring User, Privileged, and Configuration Modes......Page 328
   Hands-on Lab 6.3: Using the Help and Editing Features......Page 329
   Hands-on Lab 6.4: Saving a Configuration......Page 330
   Hands-on Lab 6.5: Setting Passwords......Page 331
   Hands-on Lab 6.6: Setting the Hostname, Descriptions, IP Address, and Clock Rate......Page 333
  Review Questions......Page 335
 Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internetwork......Page 341
  The Internal Components of a Cisco Router and Switch......Page 342
   The Router and Switch Boot Sequence......Page 343
  Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration......Page 344
   Backing Up the Cisco Configuration......Page 345
   Erasing the Configuration......Page 347
  Configuring DHCP......Page 348
   DHCP Relay......Page 349
   Verifying DHCP on Cisco IOS......Page 350
  Syslog......Page 351
   Configuring and Verifying Syslog......Page 353
  Network Time Protocol (NTP)......Page 356
  Exploring Connected Devices Using CDP and LLDP......Page 357
   Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information......Page 358
   Gathering Neighbor Information......Page 359
   Documenting a Network Topology Using CDP......Page 363
  Using Telnet......Page 366
   Checking Telnet Connections......Page 368
   Closing Telnet Sessions......Page 369
   Building a Host Table......Page 370
   Using DNS to Resolve Names......Page 372
   Using the ping Command......Page 374
   Using the traceroute Command......Page 375
   Debugging......Page 376
   Using the show processes Command......Page 378
  Exam Essentials......Page 379
   Written Lab 7.1: IOS Management......Page 381
  Hands-on Labs......Page 382
   Hands-on Lab 7.2: Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)......Page 383
   Hands-on Lab 7.3: Using Telnet......Page 384
   Hands-on Lab 7.4: Resolving Hostnames......Page 385
  Review Questions......Page 387
 Chapter 8 Managing Cisco Devices......Page 391
   Understanding the Configuration Register Bits......Page 392
   Checking the Current Configuration Register Value......Page 394
   Boot System Commands......Page 395
   Recovering Passwords......Page 396
  Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS......Page 399
   Verifying Flash Memory......Page 400
   Backing Up the Cisco IOS......Page 401
   Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS......Page 402
   Using the Cisco IOS File System (Cisco IFS)......Page 405
   Licensing......Page 409
   Right-To-Use Licenses (Evaluation Licenses)......Page 412
   Backing Up and Uninstalling the License......Page 415
  Exam Essentials......Page 416
  Written Lab 8......Page 417
   Hands-on Lab 8.1: Backing Up Your Router IOS......Page 418
   Hands-on Lab 8.2: Upgrading or Restoring Your Router IOS......Page 419
  Review Questions......Page 420
 Chapter 9 IP Routing......Page 425
  Routing Basics......Page 427
  The IP Routing Process......Page 429
   The Cisco Router Internal Process......Page 434
   Testing Your IP Routing Understanding......Page 435
  Configuring IP Routing......Page 440
   Corp Configuration......Page 441
   SF Configuration......Page 443
   LA Configuration......Page 447
  Configuring IP Routing in Our Network......Page 449
   Static Routing......Page 450
   Default Routing......Page 455
   Routing Protocol Basics......Page 458
  Routing Information Protocol (RIP)......Page 460
   Configuring RIP Routing......Page 461
   Holding Down RIP Propagations......Page 464
  Exam Essentials......Page 467
  Written Lab 9......Page 468
  Hands-on Labs......Page 469
   Hands-on Lab 9.1: Creating Static Routes......Page 470
   Hands-on Lab 9.2: Configuring RIP Routing......Page 471
  Review Questions......Page 473
 Chapter 10 Layer 2 Switching......Page 479
  Switching Services......Page 480
   Three Switch Functions at Layer 2......Page 481
   Port Security......Page 485
  Configuring Catalyst Switches......Page 490
   Catalyst Switch Configuration......Page 491
   Verifying Cisco Catalyst Switches......Page 498
  Exam Essentials......Page 501
  Hands-on Labs......Page 502
   Lab 10.1: Configuring Layer 2 Switches......Page 503
   Lab 10.2: Verifying Layer 2 Switches......Page 504
   Lab 10.3: Configuring Port Security......Page 505
  Review Questions......Page 506
 Chapter 11 VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing......Page 511
  VLAN Basics......Page 512
   Broadcast Control......Page 515
   Flexibility and Scalability......Page 516
  Identifying VLANs......Page 517
   Frame Tagging......Page 519
   VLAN Identification Methods......Page 520
  Routing between VLANs......Page 522
  Configuring VLANs......Page 524
   Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs......Page 527
   Configuring Trunk Ports......Page 529
   Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing......Page 533
  Exam Essentials......Page 540
  Hands-on Labs......Page 541
   Hands-on Lab 11.2: Configuring and Verifying Trunk Links......Page 542
   Hands-on Lab 11.3: Configuring Router on a Stick Routing......Page 543
   Hands-on Lab 11.4: Configuring IVR with a Layer 3 Switch......Page 544
  Review Questions......Page 545
 Chapter 12 Security......Page 551
  Perimeter, Firewall, and Internal Routers......Page 552
  Introduction to Access Lists......Page 553
   Mitigating Security Issues with ACLs......Page 556
  Standard Access Lists......Page 557
   Wildcard Masking......Page 558
   Standard Access List Example......Page 560
   Controlling VTY (Telnet/SSH) Access......Page 564
  Extended Access Lists......Page 565
   Extended Access List Example 1......Page 569
   Extended Access List Example 2......Page 571
   Extended Access List Example 3......Page 572
   Named ACLs......Page 573
   Remarks......Page 575
  Monitoring Access Lists......Page 576
  Summary......Page 578
  Written Lab 12......Page 579
  Hands-on Labs......Page 580
   Hands-on Lab 12.1: Standard IP Access Lists......Page 581
   Hands-on Lab 12.2: Extended IP Access Lists......Page 582
  Review Questions......Page 585
 Chapter 13 Network Address Translation (NAT)......Page 589
  When Do We Use NAT?......Page 590
  NAT Names......Page 592
  How NAT Works......Page 593
   Dynamic NAT Configuration......Page 595
   PAT (Overloading) Configuration......Page 596
  Testing and Troubleshooting NAT......Page 597
  Written Lab 13......Page 603
  Hands-on Labs......Page 604
   Lab 13.1: Preparing for NAT......Page 605
   Lab 13.2: Configuring Dynamic NAT......Page 606
   Lab 13.3: Configuring PAT......Page 608
  Review Questions......Page 610
 Chapter 14 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)......Page 615
  The Benefits and Uses of IPv6......Page 617
   Shortened Expression......Page 619
   Address Types......Page 620
   Special Addresses......Page 622
   Manual Address Assignment......Page 623
   Stateless Autoconfiguration (eui-64)......Page 624
   IPv6 Header......Page 627
   ICMPv6......Page 629
   Static Routing with IPv6......Page 633
  Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork......Page 634
  Configuring Routing on Our Internetwork......Page 637
  Summary......Page 640
   Written Lab 14.1......Page 641
   Hands-on Lab 14.1: Manual and Stateful Autoconfiguration......Page 642
   Hands-on Lab 14.2: Static and Default Routing......Page 644
  Review Questions......Page 645
Part II ICND2......Page 649
 Chapter 15 Enhanced Switched Technologies......Page 651
  VLAN Review......Page 652
   Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs......Page 655
   Configuring Trunk Ports......Page 657
  VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)......Page 661
   VTP Modes of Operation......Page 662
   VTP Pruning......Page 664
  Configuring VTP......Page 665
   Troubleshooting VTP......Page 666
  Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)......Page 670
   Spanning-Tree Terms......Page 671
   Spanning-Tree Operations......Page 675
   Common Spanning Tree......Page 678
   Per-VLAN Spanning Tree+......Page 679
  Modifying and Verifying the Bridge ID......Page 686
  Spanning-Tree Failure Consequences......Page 691
  PortFast and BPDU Guard......Page 693
   BPDU Guard......Page 695
  EtherChannel......Page 697
   Configuring and Verifying Port Channels......Page 698
  Summary......Page 702
  Written Lab 15......Page 703
  Hands-on Labs......Page 704
   Hands-on Lab 15.1: Verifying STP and Finding Your Root Bridge......Page 705
   Hands-on Lab 15.2: Configuring and Verifying Your Root Bridge......Page 706
   Hands-on Lab 15.3: Configuring PortFast and BPDU Guard......Page 708
   Hands-on Lab 15.4: Configuring and Verifying EtherChannel......Page 709
  Review Questions......Page 711
 Chapter 16 Network Device Management and Security......Page 717
  Mitigating Threats at the Access Layer......Page 718
   RADIUS......Page 721
   TACACS+......Page 722
  SNMP......Page 723
   Management Information Base (MIB)......Page 724
   Configuring SNMP......Page 725
  Client Redundancy Issues......Page 727
  Introducing First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRPs)......Page 729
  Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)......Page 730
   Virtual MAC Address......Page 732
   HSRP Timers......Page 733
   Group Roles......Page 735
   Configuring and Verifying HSRP......Page 737
  Exam Essentials......Page 743
  Written Lab 16......Page 744
  Review Questions......Page 745
 Chapter 17 Enhanced IGRP......Page 749
  EIGRP Features and Operations......Page 750
   Neighbor Discovery......Page 751
   Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)......Page 756
   Route Discovery and Maintenance......Page 757
  Configuring EIGRP......Page 758
   VLSM Support and Summarization......Page 761
   Controlling EIGRP Traffic......Page 764
   Split Horizon......Page 775
  Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP......Page 777
   Troubleshooting Example with EIGRP......Page 783
   Simple Troubleshooting EIGRP for the CCNA......Page 793
  EIGRPv6......Page 795
  Summary......Page 800
  Written Lab 17......Page 801
   Hands-on Lab 17.1: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP......Page 802
   Hands-on Lab 17.2: Configuring and Verifying EIGRPv6......Page 803
  Review Questions......Page 805
 Chapter 18 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)......Page 813
  Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics......Page 814
   OSPF Terminology......Page 817
   OSPF Operation......Page 819
   Enabling OSPF......Page 821
   Configuring OSPF Areas......Page 822
   Configuring Our Network with OSPF......Page 825
  OSPF and Loopback Interfaces......Page 830
   Configuring Loopback Interfaces......Page 831
  Verifying OSPF Configuration......Page 833
   The show ip ospf Command......Page 834
   The show ip ospf database Command......Page 835
   The show ip ospf interface Command......Page 836
   The show ip ospf neighbor Command......Page 837
   The show ip protocols Command......Page 838
  Exam Essentials......Page 839
  Hands-on Labs......Page 840
   Hands-on Lab 18.1: Enabling the OSPF Process......Page 841
   Hands-on Lab 18.2: Configuring OSPF Interfaces......Page 842
   Hands-on Lab 18.3: Verifying OSPF Operation......Page 843
  Review Questions......Page 844
 Chapter 19 Multi-Area OSPF......Page 851
  OSPF Scalability......Page 852
   Adjacency Requirements......Page 854
   OSPF Router Roles......Page 855
   Link-State Advertisements......Page 856
   OSPF Hello Protocol......Page 858
   Neighbor States......Page 859
  Basic Multi-area Configuration......Page 861
  Verifying and Troubleshooting Multi-area OSPF Networks......Page 864
   The show ip ospf Command......Page 865
   The show ip ospf interface Command......Page 866
   The show ip route Command......Page 869
   The show ip ospf database Command......Page 870
  Troubleshooting OSPF Scenario......Page 872
   Simple Troubleshooting OSPF for the CCNA......Page 880
  OSPFv3......Page 882
   Verifying OSPFv3......Page 884
  Exam Essentials......Page 887
  Hands-on Labs......Page 888
   Hands-on Lab 19.1: Configuring and Verifying OSPF Multi-Area......Page 889
   Hands-on Lab 19.2: Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3......Page 892
  Review Questions......Page 894
 Chapter 20 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs......Page 899
  Troubleshooting IP Network Connectivity......Page 900
   Using IP SLA for Troubleshooting......Page 911
   Using SPAN for Troubleshooting......Page 913
   Configuring and Verifying Extended Access Lists......Page 915
   ICMPv6......Page 918
   Troubleshooting IPv6 Extended Access Lists......Page 926
   VLAN Troubleshooting......Page 930
   Trunk Troubleshooting......Page 935
  Summary......Page 942
  Written Lab 20......Page 943
  Review Questions......Page 945
 Chapter 21 Wide Area Networks......Page 949
  Introduction to Wide Area Networks......Page 950
   WAN Topology Options......Page 951
   Defining WAN Terms......Page 953
   WAN Connection Bandwidth......Page 954
   WAN Connection Types......Page 955
   WAN Support......Page 956
   Cisco Intelligent WAN (IWAN)......Page 959
   Serial Transmission......Page 962
   Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communication Equipment......Page 963
  High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol......Page 964
  Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)......Page 966
   Link Control Protocol (LCP) Configuration Options......Page 967
   PPP Session Establishment......Page 968
   Configuring PPP Authentication......Page 969
   Verifying and Troubleshooting Serial Links......Page 970
   Multilink PPP (MLP)......Page 975
   PPP Client (PPPoE)......Page 979
   Configuring a PPPoE Client......Page 980
  Virtual Private Networks......Page 981
   Benefits of VPNs......Page 982
   Enterprise- and Provider-Managed VPNs......Page 983
   Introduction to Cisco IOS IPsec......Page 985
   IPsec Transforms......Page 986
  GRE Tunnels......Page 987
   GRE over IPsec......Page 988
   Configuring GRE Tunnels......Page 989
   Verifying GRP Tunnels......Page 991
  Single-Homed EBGP......Page 993
   Protocol Comparison and Overview......Page 994
   Configuring and Verifying EBGP......Page 997
   Verifying EBGP......Page 999
  Exam Essentials......Page 1002
  Hands-on Labs......Page 1003
   Hands-on Lab 21.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation and Authentication......Page 1004
   Hands-on Lab 21.2: Configuring and Monitoring HDLC......Page 1005
   Hands-on Lab 21.3: Configuring a GRE Tunnel......Page 1006
  Review Questions......Page 1009
 Chapter 22 Evolution of Intelligent Networks......Page 1015
  Switch Stacking......Page 1016
  Cloud Computing and Its Effect on the Enterprise Network......Page 1018
   Service Models......Page 1020
  Overview of Network Programmability in Enterprise Network......Page 1021
  Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)......Page 1022
   Southbound APIs......Page 1023
   Northbound APIs......Page 1024
  Cisco APIC-EM......Page 1025
   Using APIC-EM for Path Tracing......Page 1027
  Cisco Intelligent WAN......Page 1028
   Traffic Characteristics......Page 1030
  Trust Boundary......Page 1032
   Classification and Marking......Page 1033
   Policing, Shaping, and Re-Marking......Page 1034
   Tools for Managing Congestion......Page 1035
   Tools for Congestion Avoidance......Page 1038
  Written Lab 22......Page 1039
  Review Questions......Page 1041
Appendix A Answers to Written Labs......Page 1045
  Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions......Page 1046
  Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains......Page 1047
  Written Lab 2.1: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion......Page 1048
  Written Lab 2.4: Encapsulation......Page 1050
  Written Lab 3.2: Mapping Applications to the DoD Model......Page 1051
  Written Lab 4.1: Written Subnet Practice #1......Page 1052
  Written Lab 4.3: Written Subnet Practice #3......Page 1053
  Written Lab 6: Cisco IOS......Page 1054
  Written Lab 7.2: Router Memory......Page 1055
 Chapter 9: IP Routing......Page 1056
 Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing......Page 1057
 Chapter 12: Security......Page 1058
  Written Lab 14.1: IPv6 Foundation......Page 1059
  Written Lab 15......Page 1060
  Written Lab 17......Page 1061
  Written Lab 19......Page 1062
  Written Lab 21......Page 1063
  Written Lab 22......Page 1064
Appendix B Answers to Review Questions......Page 1065
 Chapter 1: Internetworking......Page 1066
 Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation......Page 1068
 Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP......Page 1070
 Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting......Page 1071
 Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP......Page 1073
 Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)......Page 1075
 Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork......Page 1077
 Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices......Page 1078
 Chapter 9: IP Routing......Page 1080
 Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching......Page 1081
 Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing......Page 1083
 Chapter 12: Security......Page 1085
 Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT)......Page 1087
 Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)......Page 1088
 Chapter 15: Enhanced Switched Technologies......Page 1090
 Chapter 16: Network Device Management and Security......Page 1092
 Chapter 17: Enhanced IGRP......Page 1093
 Chapter 18: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)......Page 1095
 Chapter 19: Multi-Area OSPF......Page 1097
 Chapter 20: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs......Page 1099
 Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks......Page 1100
 Chapter 22: Evolution of Intelligent Networks......Page 1101
Appendix C Disabling and Configuring Network Services......Page 1105
 Disabling Echo......Page 1106
 Turning off BootP and Auto-Config......Page 1107
 Disabling Redirect Messages......Page 1108
 Disabling the Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP)......Page 1109
 Logging Every Event......Page 1110
 Disabling the Default Forwarded UDP Protocols......Page 1111
 Cisco’s auto secure......Page 1112
Index......Page 1115
Advert......Page 1138
EULA......Page 1139