Caught in the Crossfire: Revolution, Repression, and the Rational Peasant

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
1 The Puzzle of Revolution in the Third World......Page 13
THE PUZZLE OF REVOLUTIONARY CONFLICT......Page 17
THE ARGUMENT: WHY PEASANTS REVOLT......Page 20
DEFINITIONS: CIVIL WAR, REVOLUTION, AND SECESSION......Page 24
FORMS AND FREQUENCY OF CIVIL WAR......Page 25
CIVIL WAR VERSUS INTERSTATE WAR......Page 26
CIVIL WAR AS A THIRD WORLD PHENOMENON......Page 28
THE DESTRUCTIVENESS OF CIVIL WARS......Page 29
REVOLUTION IN THE COUNTRYSIDE......Page 30
NOTES......Page 32
2 Theories of Revolution: The Evolution of the Field......Page 40
SOURCES OF POPULAR DISCONTENT: INEQUALITY AND DEPRIVATION......Page 41
RATIONAL ACTOR APPROACHES......Page 48
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, CONTENTIOUS POLITICS, AND RESOURCE MOBILIZATION......Page 51
BRINGING THE STATE BACK IN......Page 60
CONCLUSION......Page 65
NOTES......Page 67
3 Dependent Development and the Crisis of Rural Stability......Page 70
PATRON-CLIENT NETWORKS OF SOCIAL CONTROL......Page 72
PATTERNS OF LAND TENURE AND PEASANT SUBSISTENCE SECURITY......Page 75
WHICH PEASANTS REBEL?......Page 81
THE CREATION OF THE PERIPHERY......Page 86
THE EROSION OF CLIENTELIST STABILITY......Page 88
EVERYDAY FORMS OF PEASANT RESISTANCE......Page 91
NOTES......Page 95
4 Mobilizing Peasant Social Movements......Page 98
THE REBEL’S DILEMMA......Page 101
SELECTIVE INCENTIVES......Page 105
SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS......Page 108
GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS......Page 113
PEASANT-BASED SOCIAL MOVEMENTS......Page 115
UP FROM THE GRASSROOTS......Page 121
NOTES......Page 123
5 The Response of the State: Reform or Repression?......Page 127
THE STATE AND SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS......Page 129
REGIME TYPES AND REVOLUTION......Page 132
THE STATE FORMATION PROCESS......Page 137
STATE FORMATION PROCESS IN THE THIRD WORLD......Page 140
THE WEAK STATE SYNDROME......Page 146
FROM WEAK STATE TO PROTECTION RACKET STATE......Page 148
WEAK STATES AND THE CHOICE BETWEEN REPRESSION AND REFORM......Page 151
NOTES......Page 155
6 State Repression and the Escalation of Revolutionary Violence......Page 157
REFORM, REPRESSION, AND THE RATIONAL PEASANT......Page 158
THE SPIRAL OF REPRESSION AND REVOLUTION......Page 162
THE CALCULUS OF FEAR......Page 168
INSURGENCY AND THE RATIONAL PEASANT......Page 172
CONCLUSION......Page 181
NOTES......Page 182
7 Win, Lose, or Draw: How Civil Wars End......Page 185
WIN, LOSE, OR DRAW......Page 188
DETERMINANTS OF CIVIL WAR OUTCOMES......Page 191
CONCLUSION......Page 206
NOTES......Page 207
8 Reform, Repression, and Revolution in El Salvador......Page 209
INEQUALITY AND INSTABILITY......Page 211
EXPORT AGRICULTURE AND THE BREAKDOWN OF THE CLIENTELIST ORDER IN EL SALVADOR......Page 213
THE COFFEE BOOM AND THE PEASANT......Page 214
LA MATANZA AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE PROTECTION RACKET STATE......Page 216
NEW EXPORT CROPS AND THE PEASANT......Page 217
MOBILIZING THE POOR: THE PROGRESSIVE CHURCH......Page 219
REPRESSION AND REVOLUTION......Page 222
LAND REFORM AS A COUNTERINSURGENCY STRATEGY......Page 225
THE LIMITS OF LAND REFORM......Page 227
REFORM, REPRESSION, AND PEASANT BEHAVIOR......Page 229
FROM REFORMIST COUP TO REVOLUTION......Page 232
FROM STALEMATE TO SETTLEMENT......Page 236
CONCLUSION......Page 239
NOTES......Page 240
9 Peruvian Land Reform and the Rise of Sendero Luminoso......Page 242
PREREFORM AGRARIAN SOCIAL ORDER IN PERU......Page 244
RURAL UNREST AND LAND REFORM......Page 251
THE LAND REFORM PROGRAM......Page 253
LIMITS OF LAND REFORM......Page 255
THE RISE OF SHINING PATH......Page 259
THE STATE’S RESPONSE: REPRESSION......Page 263
THE COCA CONNECTION......Page 267
CONCLUSION......Page 269
NOTES......Page 270
10 The Future of Revolutions in the Countryside: Globalization, Democratization, and Peacekeeping......Page 272
GLOBALIZATION AND REVOLUTION......Page 276
DEMOCRATIZATION: THE “COFFIN OF REVOLUTION”?......Page 285
PEACEKEEPING AND PEACEMAKING......Page 291
CONCLUSION......Page 294
NOTES......Page 296
References......Page 297
Index......Page 319
About the Author......Page 329