Cassava : farming, uses, and economic impact

CASSAVA FARMING, USES, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT......Page 3
CASSAVA FARMING, USES, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 15
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 16
2.1. Cassava Starch......Page 17
3.1. Submerged Fermentation (SmF)......Page 18
3.2. Solid-State Fermentation (SSF)......Page 19
4.1.1. Cassava as a Bio-Ethanol Crop......Page 20
4.1.2. Bio-Processing for Ethanol Production......Page 21
4.1.2.1. Milling......Page 22
4.1.2.3. Liquefaction and Saccharification......Page 23
4.1.2.4.1. Microorganisms......Page 24
4.1.2.6. Distillation and Dehydration......Page 25
4.1.2.8.2. Vacuum Fermentation......Page 26
4.1.2.8.4. Simultaneous Starch Saccharification and Fermentation (SSSF)......Page 27
4.1.2.9. Most Recent Studies......Page 28
4.1.2.10. Cassava Bagasse for Ethanol Production......Page 29
4.3. Lactic Acid and Bio- Plastic......Page 31
4.4.2. Itaconic Acid......Page 36
4.5. Sugar Syrups......Page 37
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES......Page 39
REFERENCES......Page 40
ABSTRACT......Page 47
INTRODUCTION......Page 48
Physicochemical Composition of Cassava Wastewater......Page 49
Production of Enzymes......Page 50
Ethanol......Page 51
Biosurfactants......Page 52
Protein Biomass......Page 55
Lipid Biomass......Page 57
Other Applications......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 60
ABSTRACT......Page 69
INTRODUCTION......Page 70
In Vitro Establishment and Multiplication......Page 72
Acclimatization of Plants in Growth Chamber......Page 74
Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis......Page 76
In Vitro Establishment......Page 77
In Vitro Multiplication......Page 78
Acclimatization of Plants in Growth Chamber......Page 80
Survival and Growth Performance under Field Conditions......Page 84
CONCLUSION......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 88
ABSTRACT......Page 93
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 94
2. CASSAVA......Page 95
2.1.2. Bagasse......Page 96
2.1.3. Wastewater......Page 97
3.1. Ethanol......Page 98
3.2. Organic Acids......Page 100
3.3. Aroma and Flavor Compounds......Page 101
3.4. Biomass Production......Page 102
3.5. Antibiotics......Page 103
3.6. Methane and Hydrogen Gas......Page 104
3.8. Amylase......Page 105
3.10. Biosurfactants......Page 106
CONCLUSION......Page 107
REFERENCES......Page 108
ABSTRACT......Page 113
Starch......Page 114
Cassava Starch......Page 115
Edible Films and Coatings and Their Application for Industrial Preservation......Page 116
Elaboration through Casting: Influence of the Processing Variables and Sorbate Presence on Physico-Chemical  and Mechanical Properties......Page 118
Elaboration through Extrusion. Influence of the Formulation  on Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties......Page 122
Nisin Containing Edible Films......Page 124
Edible Films with Chitosan......Page 125
Edible Coatings with Chitosan......Page 127
Edible Films with Sorbates......Page 129
REFERENCES......Page 130
ABSTRACT......Page 135
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 136
2.1. Modification and Formulation Development......Page 138
2.2. Processing of PPVA-Starch Blends......Page 139
2.2.1. Details of PPVA and PPVA-CSS Melt Blending/Extrusion Process......Page 140
2.1.2. Injection Moulding Process of PPVA-Starch......Page 141
2.1.3. Full Factorial Analysis Injection Moulding of PPVA-Starch Compound......Page 143
2.3. Mechanical Properties of PPVA-Starch Blends......Page 150
2.3.1. Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break......Page 151
2.4.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Analysis......Page 152
2.4.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analysis......Page 153
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 156
ABSTRACT......Page 159
THE ORIGIN AND DOMESTICATION OF CASSAVA......Page 160
THE USE-VALUE OF CASSAVA......Page 161
BREEDING FOR BITTER AND SWEET CASSAVA......Page 163
AN UNDER-EXPLOITED CROP......Page 164
THREATS TO CASSAVA......Page 165
Output of Cassava in China......Page 166
Modification of Cassava Starch to Improve Cassava Food Quality......Page 167
Increases of Protein Contents in Storage Roots......Page 168
Starch to Oil......Page 169
Increase of a Shelf Life for Storage Roots......Page 170
CAN CASSAVA WIN A PRIZE OF FUTURE PLANTS?......Page 171
REFERENCES......Page 173
ABSTRACT......Page 179
INTRODUCTION......Page 180
Tropical Ataxic Neuropathy (TAN)......Page 181
Konzo......Page 182
The Cyanide Hypothesis......Page 183
Acetone Cyanohydrin Hypothesis......Page 184
Nitrile Hypothesis......Page 185
Putative Mechanism of Thiamine Deficiency......Page 186
EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF THIAMINE DEFICIENCY......Page 187
DISCUSSION......Page 188
REFERENCES......Page 190
ABSTRACT......Page 195
INTRODUCTION......Page 196
Isolation and Purification......Page 197
Method Based on the Differential Solubility of Starch Components in a Water- Butanol Saturated Solution......Page 198
Method Based on Fractionation of Starch with Concanavalin A......Page 199
Biodegradable Plastic Material......Page 201
Microemulsion with Esterified Starch......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 207
INDEX......Page 211